A Mathematical Model Investigating the Impact of an Environmental Reservoir on the Prevalence and Control of Vancomycin‐Resistant Enterococci

2006 ◽  
Vol 193 (10) ◽  
pp. 1473-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma S. McBryde ◽  
Donald L. S. McElwain
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Environmental Reservoir ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Mathematical Model of the Impact of a Nonantibiotic Treatment forClostridium difficileon the Endemic Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in a Hospital Setting

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Grima ◽  
Glenn F. Webb ◽  
Erika M. C. D'Agata
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
The Impact

Introduction.Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is treated using antibiotics, which often leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). This study estimated the impact of a non antibiotic treatment for CDAD on VRE prevalence.Methods. A previously published model describing the impact of in-hospital antibiotic use on VRE prevalence was adapted to include CDAD treatment. Simulations compared the prevalence of VRE when nonantibiotic versus antibiotic therapy was used.Results. Nonantibiotic treatment in 50% of CDAD patients resulted in an 18% relative reduction in the prevalence of VRE colonization compared with antibiotic use only. Sensitivity analysis found the model to be most sensitive to rates of antibiotic initiation and discontinuation, prevalence of VRE in admitted patients, length of stay of colonized patients, probability of CDAD acquisition, and hand-washing compliance.Conclusion. Nonantibiotic treatment of patients hospitalized with CDAD may significantly reduce the incidence of VRE colonization.

Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrophotometry: An Ecofriendly Method for the Analysis of Injectable Daptomycin

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1569-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Gandolpho Tótoli ◽  
Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Ir Spectrophotometry ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Ftir Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Daptomycin (DPT) is an important antimicrobial agent used in clinical practice because it is very active against several types of medicinally challengingGram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. In addition to concerns about the quality of the analytical methods used in the QC of drugs, there is also concern about the impact of these methods on the environment. The trend toward sustainable consumption is increasingly evident and has forced the pharmaceutical industry to reduce the generation of toxic waste. Inthis context, IR spectrophotometry stands out because it does not use organic solvents and, although it is formally accepted for the identification of individual compounds, also allows the quantification of substances. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop and validate a green analytical method for theanalysis of DPT in a lyophilized powder for injection by FTIR spectrophotometry. The method involved absorbance measurements in the spectral region of 1700–1600 cm−1. The method was properly validated and found to be linear, precise, accurate, selective, and robust for the concentrationrange between 0.2 and 0.6 mg/150 mg. The validated method was able to quantify DPT powder for injection and can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative for routine analysis in QC.

Control of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci at a Community Hospital: Efficacy of Patient and Staff Cohorting

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise M. Jochimsen ◽  
Laurie Fish ◽  
Kelly Manning ◽  
Sally Young ◽  
Daniel A. Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Hospital ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Contact Isolation ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the efficacy of patient and staff cohorting to control vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) at an Indianapolis community hospital.Design:To interrupt transmission of VRE, a VRE point-prevalence survey of hospital inpatients was conducted, and VRE-infected or -colonized patients were cohorted on a single ward with dedicated nursing staff and patient-care equipment. To assess the impact of the intervention, staff compliance with contact isolation procedures was observed, and the VRE point-prevalence survey was repeated 2 months after the cohort ward was established.Results:Following the establishment of the cohort ward, VRE prevalence among all hospitalized inpatients decreased from 8.1% to 4.7% (25 positive cultures among 310 patients compared to 13 positive cultures among 276 patients,P=.14); VRE prevalence among patients whose VRE status was unknown before cultures were obtained decreased from 5.9% to 0.8% (18 positive cultures among 303 patients compared to 2 positive cultures among 262 patients,P=.002); and observed staff-patient interactions compliant with published isolation recommendations increased (5 [22%] of 23 interactions compared to 36 [88%] of 41 interactions,P<.0001).Conclusions:Our data suggest that, in hospitals with endemic VRE or continued VRE transmission despite implementation of contact isolation measures, establishing a VRE cohort ward may be a practical and effective method to improve compliance with infection control measures and thereby to control epidemic or endemic VRE transmission.

scholarly journals Transmission of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in the Hospital Setting: Uncovering the Patient–Environment Interplay

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos L. Correa-Martinez ◽  
Hauke Tönnies ◽  
Neele J. Froböse ◽  
Alexander Mellmann ◽  
Stefanie Kampmeier
Keyword(s):  
Core Genome ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sequence Types

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are relevant nosocomial pathogens with an increasing incidence in the last decades. Their transmission is optimal in the hospital setting, as it offers two potential, large reservoirs that are closely related: susceptible patients and their environment. Here we investigate the role of the hospital environment in the nosocomial transmission of VRE by establishing concrete links between contaminated surfaces and colonized/infected patients in outbreak and non-outbreak settings. Environmental and patient VRE isolates were collected between 2013 and 2019 and analyzed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), subsequent multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and core genome (cg) MLST. Pairs of isolates differing in <3 alleles were rated as closely related, making a transmission likely. Fifty-three environmental VRE isolates were analyzed. MLST sequence types (ST) ST203 (50.0%), ST192 (21.3%), ST117 (17.3%), ST721 (8.8%), ST80 (2%), and ST1489 (0.7%) were detected, carrying the resistance determinants vanA (72.7%), vanB (24%), or both (3.3%). Of the 53 environmental isolates, 51 were found to form five clusters with genetically related patient isolates (n = 97 isolates). WGS confirms the role of the environment in the transmission dynamics of VRE in both the outbreak and non-outbreak settings, highlighting the importance of prevention and control of VRE spread.

scholarly journals Modeling the regional spread and control of vancomycin-resistant enterococci

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 668-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Y. Lee ◽  
S. Levent Yilmaz ◽  
Kim F. Wong ◽  
Sarah M. Bartsch ◽  
Stephen Eubank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Evaluation of Compliance in Control and Prevention Study of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus Outbreak

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vuslat Kecik Bosnak ◽  
Mustafa Namiduru ◽  
Ilkay Karaoglan ◽  
Ayse Ozlem Mete
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Patient Room ◽  
Contact Isolation ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
The Impact

Objective. Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization and the spread decrease with compliance and isolation guidelines. For the isolation methods to succeed, compliance with the isolation guidelines needs to be overseen. In this study, VRE outbreak among the Pediatric Ward patients, the preventative efforts to control this outbreak, and the impact of scoring tables used in controlling this outbreak on the success are explained.Design. Rectal swab cultures were taken from patients who were admitted to the Ward between October and December 2010 due to diagnoses of VRE and urinary tract infection.Results. VRE were isolated in the rectal swab samples of 34 patients. VRE infection findings were clinically detected in two of the cases with VRE isolation. Two isolations of VRE were detected on cultures from patient room door handle surface and the telephone in the room for common use. Close contact isolation was achieved and barrier precautions were taken for all cases, as soon as the detections were made. A scoring system was developed to evaluate the feasibility of and the compliance with the precautions to be taken.Conclusions. With the method presented in this study, the outbreak at our hospital was under control within two months.

Impact of Surveillance for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci on Controlling a Bloodstream Outbreak Among Patients With Hematologic Malignancy

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Hachem ◽  
Linda Graviss ◽  
Hend Hanna ◽  
Rebecca Arbuckle ◽  
Tanya Dvorak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Surveillance Cultures ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:To determine the impact of stool surveillance cultures of critically ill patients on controlling vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) outbreak bacteremia.Design:Stool surveillance cultures were performed on patients who had hematologic malignancy or were critically ill at the time of hospital admission to identify those colonized with VRE. Hence, contact isolation was initiated.Setting:A tertiary-care cancer center with a high prevalence of VRE.Participants:All patients with hematologic malignancy who were admitted to the hospital as well as all of those admitted to the intensive care unit were eligible.Results:Active stool surveillance cultures performed between 1997 and 2001 decreased the incidence density of VRE bacteremias eightfold while vancomycin use remained constant. In fiscal year (FY) 1997 and FY 1998, there were five and three VRE outbreak bacteremias, respectively. The outbreak clones were responsible for infection in 69% of those patients with VRE bacteremia. However, the stool surveillance program resulted in the complete control of VRE bacteremia by FY 1999 until the end of the study.Conclusion:Despite the steady use of vancomycin, the active surveillance program among high-risk patients with hematologic malignancy and those who were critically ill resulted in the complete control of VRE outbreak bacteremia at our institution.

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