Food Price Policy and Income Distribution in Low-Income Countries

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Food Price ◽  
Low Income Countries

scholarly journals Stochastic food prices and slash-and-burn agriculture

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER B. BARRETT
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Food Price ◽  
Testable Hypothesis ◽  
Exogenous Shocks ◽  
Price Distribution ◽  
Household Model ◽  
Farmer Behavior ◽  
The Mean

This paper explores the interrelationship between poverty, risk, and deforestation by small farmers in the low-income tropics. A nonseparable household model reveals how exogenous shocks to the mean or variance of a food price distribution might affect peasants' incentives to clear forest. The resulting links between food price policy, farmer behavior, and deforestation offer an innovative explanation of the vicious cycle of peasant immiserization and tropical deforestation. An intriguing, testable hypothesis also emerges: that market-oriented reforms that increase the mean and variance of food prices may inadvertently stimulate deforestation in economies in which a sizable proportion of farmers are net buyers.

scholarly journals Trends of Income Distribution in Bangladesh and Relationship with Growth – Theories and Evidences

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M A S Alam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Household Expenditure Survey ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Positive Effect

Income distribution is very substantial for economic and social advancement. It affects the structure of the society, limits the level of poverty for any specified average per capita income and poverty puts pressure on growth. Different Household Expenditure Survey data of 2000, 2005 and 2010 are used to review the trends of income distribution in Bangladesh. The Decile techniques and Gini coefficient measures are used to explain the recent trends. In addition, the shares of income of the uppermost and lowermost deciles are also used to show the income dispersal in Bangladesh. It is revealed that Bangladesh has exposed visible economic growth but income disparity has increased rapidly over time. The study is also measured the affiliation between economic growth and income disparities, using a new practical form that fits the data well. Most of the upshots suggest that inequality has a substantial positive influence on economic growth. It reapproves the Kuznets’ hypothesis that at an initial stage of progress, disparity of income rises and it decreases again. Although, it provides empirical evidence that the distribution could have a positive effect on economic growth in low-income countries rather than the growth effects on distribution. The positive relationship is a contrary result to the recent empirical findings but indicates that more research is indispensable to fully understand the composite affiliation between income distribution and economic growth.

Three Cases of Joubert Syndrome in a Consanguineous Syrian Family and a Interesting Case of Multinational Collaboration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Petrović ◽  
Vida Čulić ◽  
Zofia Swinderek-Alsayed
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Joubert Syndrome ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Motor Apraxia

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a rare congenital, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a distinctive brain malformation, developmental delay, ocular motor apraxia, breathing abnormalities, and high clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We are reporting three siblings with JS from consanguineous parents in Syria. Two of them had the same homozygous c.2172delA (p.Trp725Glyfs*) AHI1 mutation and the third was diagnosed prenatally with magnetic resonance imaging. This pathogenic variant is very rare and described in only a few cases in the literature. Multinational collaboration could be of benefit for the patients from undeveloped, low-income countries that have a low-quality health care system, especially for the diagnosis of rare diseases.

Reviewing the Development of Rural Finance in Vietnam

2013 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Duong Pham Bao
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Rural Finance ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Rural Organizations ◽  
Doi Moi

The objective of this article is to review the development of the rural financial system in Vietnam in recent years, especially, after Doi moi. There are two opposite schools of thought in the literature on rural credit policies in developing countries. One is the conventional supply-side (government-led) approach while the other is called “a new paradigm” that emphasizes the importance of the viability of financial providers and the well functioning of rural credit markets. Conventional theories of rural finance contend that rural finance in low-income countries is generally accompanied by many failures. Contrary to these theories, rural finance in Vietnam does not encounter the above-mentioned failures so far. Up to the present time, it is progressing well. Using a supply-side approach, methodologically, this study reviews the development of the rural financial system in Vietnam. The significance of this study is to challenge the extreme view of dichotomizing between the old and the new credit paradigms. Analysis in this study contends that a rural financial market that, (1) is initiated and spurred by government; (2) operates principally under market mechanisms; and (3) is strongly supported by rural organizations (semi-formal/informal institutions) can progress stably and well. Therefore, the extremely dichotomizing approach must be avoided.

Abdominal Textiloma Mimicking as Left Colic Tumour: A Postoperative Complication Still Common in Low-Income Countries

EMJ Radiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Fistula Formation ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Intermittent Fever ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
Surgical Teams ◽  
Safety Rules

Retained foreign bodies have become very rare in countries where the safety rules in the operating theatre are very rigorous and follow precise guidelines. There are low-income countries where hospital structures are precarious, in which the implementation of surgical safety rules has only been effective recently. Surgical teams in these countries are not yet well trained in the observance of the guidelines concerning swab count, meaning that textilomas are not uncommon. Abdominal textiloma may be asymptomatic, or present serious gastrointestinal complications such as bowel obstruction, perforation, or fistula formation because of misdiagnosis. It may mimic abscess formation in the early stage or soft tissue masses in the chronic stage. This case report presents a 27-year-old female who underwent an emergency laparotomy in a rural surgical centre for an ectopic pregnancy. Two months later, a swelling had appeared on the left side of her abdomen, gradually increasing in size, which was not very painful but caused digestive discomfort and asthenia. Intermittent fever was described and treated with antibiotics. The patient was referred to a better equipped centre to benefit from a CT scan. A textiloma was strongly suspected on the CT but a left colic mass was not excluded. Laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of textiloma and the postoperative course was uneventful. Prevention rules must be strengthened in these countries where patients can hardly bear the costs of iterative surgeries for complications that are avoidable.

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