Styles of Scientific Thinking in the European Tradition: The History of Argument and Explanation Especially in the Mathematical and Biomedical Sciences and Arts. A. C. Crombie

Isis ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
History Of

HISTORY AND PRESENT STATE OF TRANSLATIONAL ELECTRO-OPTICAL APPLICATIONS TO MEDICINE

2008 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
BRITTON CHANCE ◽  
SHOKO NIOKA
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Breast Cancer Detection ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
History Of ◽  
Optical Applications

This paper reviews the history of the optoelectric devices applied to biomedical sciences in 20th century. It describes history of Vacuum tubes and Spectroscopies with the author's personal experiences, especially doublebeam spectroscopy. Further, the present developments of Near Infra Red (NIR) devices are described in translational biomedical applications. It includes particulary micro optoelectronics developments and present status of NIR breast cancer detection. Lastly, intrinsic molecular biomarkers are discussed especially NIR measurements of angiogenensis, hypermetabolism and heat production for cancer detection.

scholarly journals Kuru, the First Human Prion Disease

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Liberski ◽  
Agata Gajos ◽  
Beata Sikorska ◽  
Shirley Lindenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Prion Disease ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Human Prion Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jakob Disease

Kuru, the first human prion disease was transmitted to chimpanzees by D. Carleton Gajdusek (1923–2008). In this review, we summarize the history of this seminal discovery, its anthropological background, epidemiology, clinical picture, neuropathology, and molecular genetics. We provide descriptions of electron microscopy and confocal microscopy of kuru amyloid plaques retrieved from a paraffin-embedded block of an old kuru case, named Kupenota. The discovery of kuru opened new vistas of human medicine and was pivotal in the subsequent transmission of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, as well as the relevance that bovine spongiform encephalopathy had for transmission to humans. The transmission of kuru was one of the greatest contributions to biomedical sciences of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Innovative Approach to Solving Theoretical Issues of the Ecological and Epidemiological Concept of Sapronoses

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
A. B. Belov
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The history of the study of infections attributed by the microbiologist and epidemiologist V.I. Tersky in 1958 as the class of human infectious diseases – «Sapronoses» is presented. Over the past 60 years in the world and especially in Russian science the knowledge that allows us to complete the development of an ecological and epidemiological theory of sapronoses infections was accumulated. This knowledge should be extended to the whole complex of biomedical sciences associated with the population pathology of biota. To solve the controversial and complex issues of the theory, terminology and classifications of population infectology, it is necessary to integrate the knowledge of specialists in various fields of research and practice in the medicine, veterinary medicine, parasitology, phytopathology and other disciplines. The ways and prospects of improving the general theory of infectology in the light of new approaches to understanding the essence of sapronoses are discussed. 

scholarly journals Scientific Thinking in Islamic Thought: Concept and its Importance

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Alias Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Knowledge Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

God’s revelations, as the main source of knowledge, do not deny, in any way our brain’s functional capabilities. The Quran acknowledges the necessity and importance of the brain. Islamic epistemology regards the brain as the second source of knowledge after the revelations. The holistic perspective on knowledge that is gained by mankind is that it is constructed by man in the context of their thinking culture, education and social concepts. Therefore, in this regard, thinking method directly relates to the objectives of Islam and its Sharia, and gives a significant implication towards understanding and developing Sharia as a dynamic knowledge area. This study combines three (3) methods, content analysis; historical method and comparison of the review of the history of the construction of Islamic thought and the review of screening methods Sociology Society background. The discussion this article covers the definition and concept of scientific thinking skills and scientific Islamic thought and the approaches of critical thinking in Islamic scientific thought. In reality, Muslims are not prohibited by their religion to think scientifically through scientific thinking methods, provided that it does not contradict with Islam. Some knowledge which is built through scientific thinking can be used to understand the Quranic texts more profoundly. Also, undeniably, the eminence of God’s revelations has been made evident and exploited to proof the existence of Allah.

scholarly journals Auf der Suche nach Erkenntnis zwischen Asien und Europa: al-Ġazālī, Descartes und die moderne Forschungswissenschaft

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Ulrich Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
Meditations On First Philosophy ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Philosophy

Abstract The quest for an indisputable foundation of all knowledge has been one of the driving forces behind intellectual history. In the European tradition it is mainly connected to René Descartes (1596–1650) and his Meditations on First Philosophy whereas in the Islamic world it was already expressed in a brilliant manner by Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālī (1058–1111) in his book entitled Deliverance from Error. The article investigates both these texts by contextualizing them within the long history of intellectual autobiographies, which stretches from antiquity to the present and comprises many exciting examples from Asia and Europe.

scholarly journals Wilder Penfield - Bioethicist

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara L. Sedney ◽  
Mark Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Bioethics ◽  
The Impact

Bioethics is a new discipline which developed as modern medical and scientific breakthroughs surpassed the ability of traditional medical ethics to contend with unique ethical dilemmas. It evolved into an interdisciplinary discourse regarding the ethical and societal implications of medicine and the biomedical sciences. Wilder Penfield (1891–1976), celebrated neurosurgeon and neuroscientist, is rarely thought of as a “bioethicist,” and his mention in texts on the history of bioethics is little more than a footnote. However, he appears to have contributed to the field of bioethics in a number of ways: through his solutions to the ethical problems posed by the unique form of surgery he developed; through his recognition of the limitations of traditional medical ethics; through his involvement of the public and other disciplines in ethical discussions; and through the impact that his work still has today in the area of bioethics termed “neuroethics.”

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