Underground Plant Movement. V. Contractile Root Tubers and Their Importance to the Mobility of Hemerocallis fulva L. (Hemerocallidaceae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Pütz
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Root ◽  
Plant Movement

Measurement of the pulling force of a single contractile root

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1433-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Pütz
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Lifting Technique ◽  
Channel Effect ◽  
Contractile Root ◽  
Plant Movement ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
Root Contraction ◽  
Sauromatum Guttatum

A technique is described that can be used for direct measurement of the force of a single contractile root. This lifting technique has been tested on five species. It is shown that the results from direct measurement are in general agreement with those obtained with an indirect measurement. This new technique makes it possible to measure the pulling force of plants with specialized movements, e.g., Triteleia hyacinthina, in which contractile roots produce a channel for the movement of the offset. Although Triteleia contractile roots have what has been described as a 100% channel effect, measurements with the lifting technique show that a pulling force can, indeed, be measured. Key words: contractile root(s), monocotyledons, root contraction, plant movement, Triteleia hyacinthina, Sauromatum guttatum.

Plant Movement and Seed Dispersal of Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Stallings ◽  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
Carol A. Mallory-Smith ◽  
Lawrence W. Lass
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Adjacent Site ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Plant Movement ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
Salsola Iberica

Russian thistle plant movement and seed dispersal were studied in 1991 and 1992 by placing Russian thistle plants in the center of wheat fields in eastern Washington. Three adjacent site treatments, with 24 plants on each site, were used each year; wheat stubble, summerfallow planted to winter wheat, and a “stationary” site. Plants in the “stationary” site were anchored to the ground to prevent tumbling. Plants in the stubble and summerfallow sites were allowed to tumble naturally. Individual plant movement was monitored and recorded weekly by satellite global positioning systems technology. Average estimated seed number per plant at the beginning of the experiment was 57,400 in 1991 and 66,000 in 1992. The direction plants moved correlated highly with wind direction. Some plants moved a maximum distance of 4069 m in 6 wks, while other plants moved only 60 m because of variable winds and being compressed by snow or frozen into wheat stubble. Average percentage seed loss in 1991 and 1992 for stationary plants was 15 and 26%, and for tumbling plants was 48 and 66%, respectively.

The Induction of Contractile Root Activity inSauromatum guttatum(Araceae)

Botanica Acta ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pütz ◽  
J. Pieper ◽  
H. A. Froebe
Keyword(s):  
Root Activity ◽  
Contractile Root

scholarly journals On-Plant Movement and Feeding of Western Bean Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Early Instars on Corn

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1494-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Paula-Moraes ◽  
T. E. Hunt ◽  
R. J. Wright ◽  
G. L. Hein ◽  
E. E. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Western Bean Cutworm ◽  
Plant Movement ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Functional–morphological analyses of the delicate snap-traps of the aquatic carnivorous waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa) with 2D and 3D imaging techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna S Westermeier ◽  
Natalie Hiss ◽  
Thomas Speck ◽  
Simon Poppinga
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Dionaea Muscipula ◽  
Adaptive Architecture ◽  
Plant Movement ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
First Time ◽  
Structural Insights ◽  
Successful Capture

Abstract Background and Aims The endangered aquatic carnivorous waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa) catches prey with 3–5-mm-long underwater snap-traps. Trapping lasts 10–20 ms, which is 10-fold faster than in its famous sister, the terrestrial Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula). After successful capture, the trap narrows further and forms a ‘stomach’ for the digestion of prey, the so-called ‘sickle-shaped cavity’. To date, knowledge is very scarce regarding the deformation process during narrowing and consequent functional morphology of the trap. Methods We performed comparative analyses of virtual 3D histology using computed tomography (CT) and conventional 2D histology. For 3D histology we established a contrasting agent-based preparation protocol tailored for delicate underwater plant tissues. Key Results Our analyses reveal new structural insights into the adaptive architecture of the complex A. vesiculosa snap-trap. In particular, we discuss in detail the arrangement of sensitive trigger hairs inside the trap and present actual 3D representations of traps with prey. In addition, we provide trap volume calculations at different narrowing stages. Furthermore, the motile zone close to the trap midrib, which is thought to promote not only the fast trap closure by hydraulics but also the subsequent trap narrowing and trap reopening, is described and discussed for the first time in its entirety. Conclusions Our research contributes to the understanding of a complex, fast and reversible underwater plant movement and supplements preparation protocols for CT analyses of other non-lignified and sensitive plant structures.

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