scholarly journals STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION

1937 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Goldblatt ◽  
Jerome Gross ◽  
Ramon F. Hanzal
Keyword(s):  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Hypertension ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Splanchnic Nerves ◽  
Experimental Renal Hypertension

Excision of the thoracic portion of the splanchnic nerves and the lower four dorsal sympathetic ganglia on both sides failed to prevent the development of persistent hypertension which, in dogs, follows the production of renal ischemia by partial clamping of the renal arteries (1). In dogs with this type of experimental renal hypertension existent for varying lengths of time (up to about 4 years), excision of the splanchnic nerves and the lower four dorsal sympathetic ganglia failed to effect any degree of permanent lowering of the blood pressure. For the dog, at least, these results tend to minimize the importance of the splanchnic vasomotor mechanism in the pathogenesis of renal hypertension. This is in agreement with the conclusions of Prinzmetal and Wilson (6) and of Pickering (7) about the part played by the vasomotor system in human hypertension. It is also in agreement with the work of Page (8), and of Collins (9), who showed that in dogs excision of the extrinsic renal nerves alone does not prevent experimental hypertension due to renal ischemia. Although the results of this investigation fail to give experimental support for the operation that is being practised on human beings with hypertension, yet they do not necessarily controvert the reports of beneficial effects in some cases of human hypertension. Further study of the effects on man is necessary before the results of this operation can be adequately evaluated.

Experimental Renal Hypertension: Renin Content of Kidneys in Intact and Adrenalectomized Rats Given Cortexone

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gross ◽  
P. Lichtlen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Characteristic Distribution ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Moderate Reduction ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Experimental Renal Hypertension ◽  
Renin Content

The effects were investigated in rats of unilateral renal ischemia, adrenalectomy and varying doses of cortexone on the development of hypertension and on the content of pressor substances in the kidney. Adrenalectomy prevented the hypertension which follows unilateral clamping of the renal artery when a life maintaining dose of 0.1 mg cortexone acetate was injected daily. However, administration of 75 mg cortexone in the form of implants restored but did not enhance the characteristic hypertensive response to renal ischemia. The characteristic distribution of renal pressor material, being normal in the clamped and diminished in the contralateral kidney, was no longer observed after adrenalectomy when only small doses of cortexone were given but was still evident when excess cortexone was given. Overdosage with cortexone without clamping a renal artery led only to a moderate reduction of pressor material in both kidneys while in animals with unilateral renal ischemia the pressor material (renin?) in the contralateral kidney disappeared completely. Clamping the renal artery prevented the diminution of pressor material in the ipsilateral kidney which otherwise occurs under overdosage with cortexone in the normal animal.

EFFET DE L’ACIDE ASCORBIQUE SUR L’HYPERTENSION EXPÉRIMENTAL

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-175
Author(s):  
O. Héroux ◽  
L.-Paul Dugal
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Hypotensive Action ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Experimental Renal Hypertension

In previously reported observations, we have shown that (a) ascorbic acid, given in large doses, had a hypotensive effect on normal blood pressure, (b) the initial hypotension, due to sudden exposure to cold, was prevented by large doses of ascorbic acid, (c) the hypertension encountered upon long exposures to cold was lowered by ascorbic acid. The present paper confirms the last result and also shows that actually ascorbic acid has a hypotensive action on experimental hypertension obtained by the two following ways: (1) excess of sodium chloride in drinking water and (2) renal compression. The hypertension and adrenal hypertrophy caused by a long exposure to cold regress when the animals are brought back to normal temperature. In its initial phase, the experimental renal hypertension is lowered by ascorbic acid but not in its chronic phase.

THE HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSIAL NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEM IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION IN THE RAT

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. TALANTI ◽  
A. EISALO
Keyword(s):  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Nuclear Volume ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Experimental Renal Hypertension

SUMMARY The effect of experimental renal hypertension on the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system was studied histologically. The amount of neurosecretory material decreased, especially in the neurohypophysis. A marked reduction in the nuclear volume of the neurosecretory ganglion cells occurred, while that of the cells of the other hypothalamic nuclei investigated remained unchanged. The results suggest that the activity of the neurosecretory system is diminished in the experimental conditions used.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION

1943 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Goldblatt ◽  
Joseph R. Kahn ◽  
Harvey A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Humoral Mechanism ◽  
Main Renal Artery ◽  
Experimental Renal Hypertension ◽  
The One

Persistent hypertension has been produced in the goat and sheep by constriction of the main renal arteries. The presence or absence of accompanying uremia depends upon the degree of constriction of the renal arteries. In both sheep and goat, constriction of one main renal artery also caused elevation of the blood pressure which tended to persist longer than in the dog. Excision of the one kidney with main renal artery constricted resulted in a prompt (24 hours) return of the blood pressure to normal. In the animals with hypertension of long duration but without renal excretory insufficiency, (the "benign" phase) no significant arterio- or arteriolosclerosis developed as a result of the hypertension alone. In the animals that had both hypertension and renal excretory insufficiency, (the "malignant" phase) the typical terminal arteriolar lesions developed in many organs. These lesions consisted of necrosis and fibrinoid degeneration of arterioles and necrotizing arteriolitis which should not be confused with arteriolosclerosis. The same humoral mechanism which is responsible for experimental renal hypertension in the dog and other animals also obtains in the pathogenesis of experimental renal hypertension in the sheep and goat.

Experimental hypertension in pregnant sheep

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis W. Holm ◽  
Yale J. Katz ◽  
Harold R. Parker ◽  
Leon C. Chesley ◽  
Nicholas S. Assali
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Severe Hypertension ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Control Blood Pressure ◽  
Human Hypertension ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Renal Artery Constriction

Sheep with spontaneously occurring or experimentally induced toxemia of pregnancy do not develop hypertension despite the presence of a marked renal ischemia. The present study was undertaken in order to investigate whether pregnant sheep, like pregnant dogs and rats, do not exhibit hypertension when subjected to renal artery constriction. Bilateral constriction of the renal arteries was performed on pregnant ewes by a modified Goldblatt-Wakerlin technique, after control blood pressure had been recorded for several days. Blood pressure and BUN were measured throughout pregnancy and following delivery. All the animals which had renal artery constriction developed severe hypertension with retinal changes similar to those of human hypertension. The pregnancy did not affect the course of the hypertension nor did the hypertension alter the course of pregnancy.

Renin Tachyphylaxis and Renal Ischemia in the Cat

1956 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Drury ◽  
Shawn Schapiro
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The production of renin by the completely ischemic cat's kidney was investigated, as well as the relationship of renin to experimental hypertension in the cat. Tachyphylaxis to hog renin abolishes the pressor response following endogenous renin production by the completely ischemic kidney. However, the elevated blood pressure which occurs following partial renal ischemia (renal hypertension) is not reduced after renin tachyphylaxis. It is therefore concluded that the mechanism responsible for the elevation in blood pressure in the two cases is on a qualitatively different basis.

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