scholarly journals STUDIES ON ANAPHYLAXIS WITH POLLEN

1935 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Pollen Extract ◽  
Anaphylactic Response

1. Guinea pigs injected intracutaneously and subcutaneously with extract of the pollen of burweed marsh-elder in relatively small amounts did not show anaphylactic response to intravenous shock doses of this material 3 weeks later. 2. If, however, the animals were sensitized with horse serum either before, or along with the same pollen injections, they could then be shocked after an interval of 3 weeks with pollen extract alone. 3. The possible rôle of this underlying sensitivity is discussed.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ANAPHYLAXIS, AND OF HISTAMINE, UPON THE CORONARY ARTERIES IN THE ISOLATED HEART

1939 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cowles Andrus ◽  
Herbert B. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide ◽  
Egg Albumen ◽  
Perfused Hearts ◽  
Anaphylactic Response

Anaphylaxis in the isolated, perfused hearts of cats has been shown to be accompanied by a considerable, though transient, increase in coronary flow. This result is contrasted with that observed in the hearts of guinea pigs and rabbits in which the coronary arteries are constricted during anaphylaxis. Attention is directed to the fact that, in the hearts of these three species, the effects of anaphylaxis and of histamine are qualitatively parallel. The characteristic anaphylactic response in the isolated hearts of guinea pigs has been evoked: (a) in the organs removed from immune animals, (b) by each of two antigens (horse serum and egg albumen) under conditions of double sensitization, and (c) upon exposure of the hearts of passively sensitized animals to the type-specific polysaccharide of the pneumococcus. It is evident that, among the effects of anaphylaxis upon smooth muscle in various organs, there must be considered that upon the coronary arteries.

scholarly journals ANAPHYLAXIS WITH THE TYPE-SPECIFIC CARBOHYDRATES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS

1929 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswald T. Avery ◽  
William S. Tillett
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Anaphylactic Response ◽  
Immune Rabbit

1. The type-specific carbohydrates (haptens) of Pneumococcus Types I, II and III, when isolated in protein-free form, are devoid of the property of inducing active anaphylactic sensitization in guinea pigs. 2. The bacterial carbohydrates of Pneumococcus, of which the Type II and Type III substances are nitrogen-free, produce rapid and fatal anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs passively sensitized with the precipitating serum of rabbits immunized with pneumococci of the homologous type; the reactions induced are type-specific. 3. In contrast to the positive results with immune rabbit serum, there is a complete absence of anaphylactic response to pneumococcus carbohydrate in guinea pigs passively sensitized with antipneumococcus horse serum.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE PHOTOCHEMICAL DESPECIATION OF HORSE SERUM

1942 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Antigenic Specificity ◽  
Residual Content ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Normal Horse Serum

1. Normal horse serum was irradiated for periods of 3 to 4 days, with visible light or with ultraviolet light of known intensity and wave length. The photosensitizer hematoporphyrin was employed in some instances. The serum was exposed to the air in thin layers, and thoroughly agitated throughout irradiation. 2. The irradiated sera were unchanged in color, and over 90 per cent of the original protein content remained precipitable by phosphotungstic acid. 3. Studies of the antigenicity of the sera were carried out on guinea pigs and rabbits. Fresh antigenicities of deviated specificity and of an activity of the order of 1/50th, 1/1,000th, and less than 1/20,000th that of normal horse serum were obtained. The residual content of material having the same antigenic specificity as normal horse serum was estimated as approximately equivalent in activity to dilutions of normal horse serum of 1 cc., 1/10 cc., and less than 1/100 cc. per litre respectively.

scholarly journals Immunity of Guinea-pigs to Diphtheria Toxin and its Effect upon the Offspring

1912 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Südmersen ◽  
A. T. Glenny
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Large Dose ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Constitutional Disturbance ◽  
Lower Resistance ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

1. A male guinea-pig which has received a single injection of a mixture of diphtheria toxin-antitoxin causing severe constitutional disturbance, may beget offspring of slightly lower resistance than normal to diphtheria toxin2. This effect is generally restricted to young born within twelve months after the injection of the father, being rarely noticed in the young of later litters.3. An increased susceptibility to diphtheria toxin is likewise observed in the offspring of male or female guinea-pigs which have received a large dose of horse serum. The greater susceptibility to diphtheria toxin of the young of male guinea-pigs which have been treated with toxin-antitoxin may therefore be non-specific in character.4. The injection of diphtheria toxin-antitoxin mixtures into guinea-pigs whether male or female reduces their rate of breeding and lowers the vitality of their young.5. These effects are most pronounced when the toxin-antitoxin mixture produces severe constitutional disturbance or contains excess of horse serum

scholarly journals FURTHER STUDIES ON TYPHUS FEVER

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Zinsser ◽  
Attilio Macchiavello
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Typhus Fever ◽  
Culture Virus ◽  
Pig Serum

1. Guinea pigs can be actively immunized against European typhus fever with homologous formalinized Rickettsia tissue cultures, provided sufficient amounts are injected. The method is suggested for practical application in man. 2. Serovaccination against European typhus fever can be successfully applied to guinea pigs by a variety of methods, the simplest of which consists of the injection of mixtures of virulent defibrinated guinea pig blood and convalescent guinea pig serum taken from 3 to 5 days after defervescence. Similar results can be obtained with mixtures in which tissue culture virus, either with convalescent guinea pig serum or with antimurine horse serum, is used. There is no indication so far that such animals become carriers. Possible application of these methods to typhus epidemics is discussed.

scholarly journals SURFACE TENSION OF SERUM OF THE SENSITIZED GUINEA PIG

1928 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Griffith Ramsdell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
General Process ◽  
Toxic Injury ◽  
Uranium Nitrate

The change in surface tension behavior in the serum of sensitized guinea pigs is, as du Noüy has concluded for immunized rabbit serum, not referable to an antibody content, since we know that the capacity for transfer of sensitization remains in the serum indefinitely, while the increased time-drop phenomenon is a transitory manifestation. That this phenomenon cannot be invoked by a new antigen capable of calling out its specific antibody would seem to make this response one due to some basic stable alteration of a tissue active in the general process of sensitization: That this alteration is not one called out by such a simple toxic injury as a uranium nitrate nephritis is contributory evidence that the primary toxicity of the horse serum is not the specific factor involved.

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