scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ANAPHYLAXIS, AND OF HISTAMINE, UPON THE CORONARY ARTERIES IN THE ISOLATED HEART

1939 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cowles Andrus ◽  
Herbert B. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide ◽  
Egg Albumen ◽  
Perfused Hearts ◽  
Anaphylactic Response

Anaphylaxis in the isolated, perfused hearts of cats has been shown to be accompanied by a considerable, though transient, increase in coronary flow. This result is contrasted with that observed in the hearts of guinea pigs and rabbits in which the coronary arteries are constricted during anaphylaxis. Attention is directed to the fact that, in the hearts of these three species, the effects of anaphylaxis and of histamine are qualitatively parallel. The characteristic anaphylactic response in the isolated hearts of guinea pigs has been evoked: (a) in the organs removed from immune animals, (b) by each of two antigens (horse serum and egg albumen) under conditions of double sensitization, and (c) upon exposure of the hearts of passively sensitized animals to the type-specific polysaccharide of the pneumococcus. It is evident that, among the effects of anaphylaxis upon smooth muscle in various organs, there must be considered that upon the coronary arteries.

scholarly journals ANAPHYLAXIS IN THE ISOLATED HEART

1938 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert B. Wilcox ◽  
E. Cowles Andrus
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intact Animal ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Cardiac Rate ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Perfused Hearts ◽  
Electrocardiographic Abnormalities

The isolated hearts of guinea pigs sensitized to horse serum have been shown to react characteristically upon exposure to small amounts of antigen. The cardiac rate is temporarily accelerated and transient alterations in amplitude of contraction are to be observed. Electrocardiographic abnormalities, previously recorded by remote leads during anaphylactic shock in the intact animal, have been recorded by direct leads from the isolated perfused hearts of sensitized animals during this reaction. An additional effect of anaphylaxis in the isolated heart of the guinea pig is reported: a striking reduction in the rate of flow through the coronary vessels. The anaphylactic reaction of the isolated heart of the guinea pig has been compared with the action of histamine upon the same preparation and the effect of atropine upon each has been observed. The implications of certain quantitative differences in the influence of atropine upon these reactions are discussed.

Platelet antiaggregatory substances inhibit arachidonic acid induced coronary constriction

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Ioannou ◽  
Jaime Talesnik
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Coronary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Coronary Constriction ◽  
Vascular Walls ◽  
Flow Reserve ◽  
Vasodilator Action ◽  
Perfused Hearts

Isolated perfused hearts of rats and guinea pigs reacted to arachidonic acid (AA) with coronary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilatation. The infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2), Iloprost, hydralazine (HYD), and nifedipine (NFP) elicited a vasodilatation that nullified the coronary flow reserve, therefore the AA-induced vasodilatation was abolished. Dipyridamole (DPY) and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (MIX) produced a slight coronary dilatation without restricting the dilatation induced by AA. Regardless of their vasodilator action, all these drugs acted by inhibiting the AA-induced coronary constriction, while their infusion lasted. We postulated that a thromboxane-like substance, formed from AA in the vascular walls, would be responsible for the coronary vasoconstriction caused by AA. The inhibition of the AA-induced coronary constriction by PGI2, Iloprost, HYD, NFP, DPY, and MIX may be explained by an inhibitory action of these drugs on the synthetic processes of the thromboxane-like substance.

Albumin improves stability and longevity of perfluorochemical-perfused hearts

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. H1105-H1112
Author(s):  
L. D. Segel ◽  
J. L. Ensunsa
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Myocardial Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vascular Compression ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Perfused Hearts

We determined the effect of protein and nonprotein oncotic agents on physiological function and substructural integrity of perfluorochemical emulsion-perfused isolated working rabbit hearts. We used four media that contained Fluosol-43 (FL) emulsion and either 3.4% hydroxyethylstarch (HES), 2.9% albumin, 0.8% HES, or neither HES nor albumin (n = 5 hearts/group). All four groups of hearts had stable function for the first 5.5 h of perfusion; the FL plus albumin hearts continued to exhibit stability in most indexes of function until 9.5 h. The FL plus albumin hearts had a longer total period of ejecting function (12.5 +/- 0.5 h) compared with the other groups (mean longevities = 7.4-8.4 h). Functional stability and longevity correlated with maintenance of coronary flow and coronary vascular resistance. The rates of excess fluid accumulation and creatine kinase leakage were lower in the FL plus albumin hearts than in the other groups. We conclude that: 1) albumin maintained function, coronary flow, and myocardial cell integrity of FL-perfused hearts better than did HES; 2) albumin may exert its effect by preserving capillary permeability, thereby reducing the rate of interstitial fluid accumulation and preventing edema-induced vascular compression; and 3) HES had no effect on cardiac function or integrity and was ineffective in preventing interstitial fluid accumulation when it was used in FL-perfused isolated hearts in the absence of protein.

scholarly journals LOSS OF MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTILITY INDUCED IN ISOLATED MAMMALIAN HEARTS BY STREPTOLYSIN O

1956 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Kellner ◽  
Alan W. Bernheimer ◽  
Arthur S. Carlson ◽  
Elizabeth B. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Myocardial Contractility ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Myocardial Contraction ◽  
Glucose Medium ◽  
Perfusion Fluid ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Streptolysin O ◽  
Myocardial Contractile

When solutions containing minute quantities of streptolysin O, previously activated with cysteine, were added to a salt and glucose medium that was being perfused by way of the coronary arteries through the vigorously beating isolated hearts of guinea pigs, rabbits, and rats, the amplitude of myocardial contraction decreased abruptly, often to zero. The effect was usually accompanied by a diminution in the flow of perfusion fluid, probably owing to spasm of the coronary arteries. The diminution in coronary flow was transitory, however, lasting as a rule only 2 or 3 minutes, while the loss of myocardial contractile power was permanent and irreversible. No decrease in myocardial contractility was obtained when the streptolysin O was not previously activated with cysteine, or when the streptolysin O was inhibited by cholesterol or by specific antibody, the findings pointing to streptolysin O as the active cardiotoxic agent.

scholarly journals ANAPHYLAXIS WITH THE TYPE-SPECIFIC CARBOHYDRATES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS

1929 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswald T. Avery ◽  
William S. Tillett
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Anaphylactic Response ◽  
Immune Rabbit

1. The type-specific carbohydrates (haptens) of Pneumococcus Types I, II and III, when isolated in protein-free form, are devoid of the property of inducing active anaphylactic sensitization in guinea pigs. 2. The bacterial carbohydrates of Pneumococcus, of which the Type II and Type III substances are nitrogen-free, produce rapid and fatal anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs passively sensitized with the precipitating serum of rabbits immunized with pneumococci of the homologous type; the reactions induced are type-specific. 3. In contrast to the positive results with immune rabbit serum, there is a complete absence of anaphylactic response to pneumococcus carbohydrate in guinea pigs passively sensitized with antipneumococcus horse serum.

Effects of amphiphiles on erythrocytes, coronary arteries, and perfused hearts

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. H229-H237 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Bergmann ◽  
T. B. Ferguson ◽  
B. E. Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Chronotropic Effects ◽  
Perfused Hearts ◽  
Dose Dependent

Due to their unique structure, lysophosphoglycerides (such as lysophosphatidylcholine, LPC), compounds known to accumulate in ischemic myocardium, form micelles at concentrations exceeding the critical micelle concentration (CMC). In this study, we found that sub-CMC levels of LPC exerted dose-dependent morphological changes on red blood cells and elicited dysrhythmia and contracture while increasing coronary artery resistance in isolated hearts. LPC at supra-CMC concentrations lysed red blood cells, elicited virtually instantaneous contracture in perfused hearts, and constricted isolated coronary arteries. Because bile salts form micelles also, effects of LPC were compared with those induced by selected concentrations of bile salts. At sub-CMC levels, bile salts did not affect red cell morphology appreciably and exerted only negative ino- and chronotropic effects in isolated hearts. However, at supra-CMC concentrations, bile salts lysed red blood cells and caused contracture in the hearts. Thus LPC exerts specific effects at sub-CMC levels independent of nonspecific detergent effects of micelles. These specific effects may contribute to the mechanical and electrical dysfunction associated with myocardial ischemia.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON ANAPHYLAXIS WITH POLLEN

1935 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Pollen Extract ◽  
Anaphylactic Response

1. Guinea pigs injected intracutaneously and subcutaneously with extract of the pollen of burweed marsh-elder in relatively small amounts did not show anaphylactic response to intravenous shock doses of this material 3 weeks later. 2. If, however, the animals were sensitized with horse serum either before, or along with the same pollen injections, they could then be shocked after an interval of 3 weeks with pollen extract alone. 3. The possible rôle of this underlying sensitivity is discussed.

Time-Related Normalization of Maximal Coronary Flow in Isolated Perfused Hearts of Rats With Myocardial Infarction

Circulation ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Marjorie G. Nelissen-Vrancken ◽  
Jacques J.M. Debets ◽  
Luc H.E.H. Snoeckx ◽  
Mat J.A.P. Daemen ◽  
Jos F.M. Smits
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Perfused Hearts
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