Comparative Effects of Compound 48/80, Histamine and Antigen, and the Relation between Challenging Dose of Antigen and Anaphylactic Response in Guinea Pigs Sensitized to Egg Albumin

1956 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Carr, Jr. ◽  
Charles F. Curry
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Challenging Dose ◽  
Anaphylactic Response

Active Bronchial Anaphylaxis in the Rat

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Stotland ◽  
N. N. Share
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Tracheal Pressure ◽  
Resultant Increase ◽  
Dose Responses ◽  
Reaginic Antibodies ◽  
Anaphylactic Response

Sprague–Dawley female rats were immunized with egg albumin (EA) in aluminum hydroxide gel (AHG) and with or without Bacillus pertussis vaccine (BPV). Fourteen days later, the animals were anesthetized and challenged with EA intravenously. The resultant increase in tracheal pressure was recorded as an index of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction. Ventilation with tracheal pressures of 6 cm H2O (588 N/m2) allowed maximal development of bronchoconstrictor responses to specific antigen challenge that were similar in both pithed and pentobarbital-anesthetized preparations. Forced reinflation of the lungs did not affect the magnitude of the response but did facilitate its recovery. Serum titers evaluated by 3-h and 72-h passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions indicated that reaginic antibodies were primarily involved, although other immunoglobulins may have played a contributory role. Antigen dose-responses were similar for both the EA-AHG and EA-AHG-BPV immunized groups of animals despite lower reaginic serum titers for the former group. Thus, an immediate-type bronchial anaphylactic response mediated primarily by reaginic antibodies can be elicited in rats and quantitatively assessed. The potential immunologic similarity of these animals to human allergic asthma suggests their utility for further investigation.

scholarly journals OCCURRENCE OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTHUS TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY

1958 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Salvin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Type Inclusion ◽  
Antibody Determination ◽  
Circulating Antibody

Guinea pigs were injected in the footpads with either purified diphtheria toxoid or recrystallized egg albumin in Freund adjuvant without mycobacteria. Each guinea pig was then skin-tested only once with the specific antigen and bled for antibody determination. After injection of the sensitizing antigen, a latent period occurred during which neither sensitivity nor circulating antibody could be detected. A period of delayed sensitivity followed wherein circulating antibody could not be discerned and which could be transferred by lymph node cells. Ultimately, the Arthus type sensitivity developed, accompanied by circulating antibody. The duration and severity of reactions to homologous antigens during the last 2 phases varied with the antigen and with the dose. An increase in the sensitizing dose decreased the duration of the delayed type of allergy, a decrease in the dose prolonged the delayed type. Inclusion of mycobacterium in the sensitizing inoculum tended to introduce delayed sensitivity earlier and delay the onset of Arthus type sensitivity. When specific precipitate in antibody excess was included with the toxoid in the sensitizing dose, the onset of the Arthus phase was hastened. When lymph nodes from a large number of sensitized donors were removed during the latter part of the latent period, recipients of the cells showed a delayed type sensitivity.

scholarly journals Reversed passive anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig

1940 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van den Ende
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Cellular Mechanism ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Rabbit Antibody ◽  
Egg Albumin

Attempts to demonstrate reversed passive anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig with crystalline egg albumin as sensitizing antigen have been uniformly negative.When purified anti-pneumococcal antibody globulin was used as sensitizing antigen, reversed anaphylactic shock could be elicited in guinea-pigs by the intravenous injection of precipitins for the antibody globulin.The mild reactions which could be elicited when the total globulins from the serum of normal rabbits were used as sensitizing antigen are probably dependent on the presence of small amounts of y globulin.Reversed passive anaphylaxis, like direct anaphylaxis, is dependent on a cellular mechanism, and the success of experiments in which rabbit antibody globulin was used as sensitizing antigen depends on the acceptability of the antibody to the cells of the guinea-pig's tissues.Antigenic differences between antibody globulins and total normal globulins from rabbit serum are noted.

SEPARATION OF BOVINE SENSITIZING MATERIAL FROM PAPAIN DIGEST OF BEEF BROTH

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1001-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Stainer
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Aluminium Hydroxide ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Anaphylactic Response

Papain digest of beef broth (P.D.B. broth), which is routinely used to grow Corynebacterium diphtheriae in submerged culture, was examined for its ability to elicit sensitivity reactions to beef serum in guinea pigs and to induce shock. When ammonium sulfate was added to P.D.B. broth to 45% (w/v) a precipitate was obtained which, when redissolved and combined with Freund's adjuvant, sensitized guinea pigs so that challenge with beef serum produced severe anaphylactic reactions. If aluminium hydroxide and Bordetella pertussis were used as adjuvant, the method of preparation of the broth was shown to have an effect on the anaphylactic response obtained.Sephadex gel filtration of the ammonium sulfate-precipitable material gave an included and excluded ultraviolet-absorbing peak at 278 mμ, and all of the sensitizing properties were shown to reside in the excluded fraction. The amount of sensitizing material could be greatly reduced by either ultrafiltration or by adsorption of the broth with Al(OH)3 gel. These treated media still supported good toxin production.

Characteristics of beta-adrenoceptors in tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pig sensitized by egg albumin

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2163-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Nakagoshi ◽  
Katsuo Koike ◽  
Issei Takayanagi
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Scatchard Plot ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptors ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Partial Agonists ◽  
Isolated Trachea ◽  
Partial Blockade

The effect of pretreatment with egg albumin was examined on the beta-adrenoceptors in guinea pig isolated trachea. Befunolol and carteolol acted as partial agonists and their pA2 values were significantly larger than their corresponding pD2 values in tracheae from both untreated guinea pigs and those treated with egg albumin, suggesting that the beta-adrenoceptors contain two different affinity sites. The Scatchard plot of specific [3H]befunolol binding showed two affinity sites of the receptor (high and low affinity sites) in tracheae from both untreated animals and those treated with egg albumin. The pKD values of befunolol for both low and high affinity sites were in agreement with their respective pD2 and pA2 values. The intrinsic activities of befunolol and carteolol and the pD2 values of the test drugs were decreased by the treatment with egg albumin. The treatment with egg albumin also decreased the total amount of the two affinity sites of the receptor without any change in affinity. The present results support the partial blockade of beta-adrenoceptors in asthma proposed by Szentivanyi.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE "WAX" OF THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS IN ESTABLISHING DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY

1949 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Raffel ◽  
Louis E. Arnaud ◽  
C. Dean Dukes ◽  
Jwo S. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Picryl Chloride ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

Guinea pigs sensitized with egg albumin along with the purified wax fraction of the human tubercle bacillus respond with delayed hypersensitive reactivity to the protein antigen. Previous publications have reported a similar activity of the wax with respect to tuberculoprotein and picryl chloride. The effect is not referable to an ordinary adjuvant activity of the bacillary wax, since antibody titers are not increased in animals which receive it, and since a known adjuvant, water-in-oil emulsion, has no effect with respect to the induction of delayed hypersensitivity. This report further extends the rôle of the tubercle bacillary wax in the induction of delayed hypersensitive states.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ANAPHYLAXIS, AND OF HISTAMINE, UPON THE CORONARY ARTERIES IN THE ISOLATED HEART

1939 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cowles Andrus ◽  
Herbert B. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide ◽  
Egg Albumen ◽  
Perfused Hearts ◽  
Anaphylactic Response

Anaphylaxis in the isolated, perfused hearts of cats has been shown to be accompanied by a considerable, though transient, increase in coronary flow. This result is contrasted with that observed in the hearts of guinea pigs and rabbits in which the coronary arteries are constricted during anaphylaxis. Attention is directed to the fact that, in the hearts of these three species, the effects of anaphylaxis and of histamine are qualitatively parallel. The characteristic anaphylactic response in the isolated hearts of guinea pigs has been evoked: (a) in the organs removed from immune animals, (b) by each of two antigens (horse serum and egg albumen) under conditions of double sensitization, and (c) upon exposure of the hearts of passively sensitized animals to the type-specific polysaccharide of the pneumococcus. It is evident that, among the effects of anaphylaxis upon smooth muscle in various organs, there must be considered that upon the coronary arteries.

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