scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ON THE GROWTH AND MALIGNANCY OF A TRANSPLANTABLE NEOPLASM OF THE RABBIT

1927 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Pearce ◽  
C. M. Van Allen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
The One

An experiment is reported in which an environment of constant and continuous light excluding the shorter ultra-violet rays, and one of constant darkness, have influenced the course and character of a malignant disease of rabbits induced by a transplantable neoplasm. Under the influence of constant light the level of malignancy was observed to be low; under the influence of constant darkness the level of malignancy was somewhat lower than in the control animals living under ordinary indoor light conditions, but the level was not as low as among the animals constantly illuminated. These observations furnish experimental evidence in support of the idea that there is a correlation between the external factor of light on the one hand and the manifestations of an experimental malignant disease on the other.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ON THE GROWTH AND MALIGNANCY OF A TRANSPLANTABLE NEOPLASM OF THE RABBIT

1927 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Pearce ◽  
Wade H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Special Character

Experiments are reported in which an environment of constant and continuous light with a wave-length of from 3022 to 5790 Ångström units, supplied by mercury arcs in crown glass, and of constant darkness, have influenced the course and character of a malignant disease of rabbits induced by a transplantable neoplasm. Under the influence of constant light the level of malignancy was lower than in control animals living under ordinary conditions of diffused sunlight. Under the influence of constant darkness the level of malignancy was somewhat lower than in control animals but the effect of this environment was modified by the special character of the disease prevailing at this time. The incidence of bone metastases was unusually high, but it was greatly increased in the rabbits kept in constant darkness. These observations furnish experimental evidence in support of the belief that there is a correlation between the external factor of light and the manifestations of an experimental malignant disease.

II. On the spectrum of the oxyhydrogen flame

1888 ◽  
Vol 43 (258-265) ◽  
pp. 347-348
Keyword(s):  
Visible Region ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
The Other ◽  
The One ◽  
Oxyhydrogen Flame

In a former communication the authors described simultaneously with Dr. Huggins the strongest portion of the spectrum of water, subsequently they described a second less strong but more refrangible section of the same spectrum. M. Deslandres has noticed a third still more refrangible section. The authors now find that the spectrum extends, with diminishing intensity, into the visible region on the one hand, and far into the ultra-violet on the other.

scholarly journals The Quick Growth of the Catholic Church in Manggarai: A Phenomenology of Conversion and Some Explanations

MELINTAS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Fransiskus Borgias M.
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
External Factor ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

<p>Since the arrival of Christianity together with the colonial rulers, Manggarai, Flores, Indonesia, undergoes physical and spiritual changes. These changes can be explained with theory of intellectual voluntarism (the free will of the repentant) and theory of structural determinism (enforcement by external factor). It appears that the changes in Manggarai happen because of the mixture of both factors in their diverse variants, such as the political-economical, educational, social-services related, and religious-theological factors. There are two horizons in the whole process of encounter and transformation in this area. On the one hand, there is the horizon of European Christian missionaries (supported by government), and on the other hand, the horizon of the Manggarain, with their cultural life in the broadest sense of the word. The two horizons fuse to each other in one drama of cultural encounter throughout the growth of the Church. Following the hermeneutical discourse of Gadamer, it might be said that the fusion of the two horizons results in the emergence of a new face of unique local and contextual Christianity. In its uniqueness and locality, it has also something to be contributed to the universal Church.</p>

Continuous light or darkness and circadian periodic mitosis and metabolism in C and D8 mice

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Halberg ◽  
Cyrus P. Barnum
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Spot Check

In immature C mice exposed first to alternating 12 hr of light and 12 hr of darkness (LD), and maintained thereafter in constant darkness for several days, the circadian rhythms in hepatic and pinnal mitosis are demonstrable by spot checks made at the approximate times of LD-synchronized peak and trough. Spot checks at same times in mice of same stock and age, kept for several days in constant light, reveal the cell division rhythm of liver parenchyma, but not that of pinnal epidermis. In immature D8 mice kept for several days in constant darkness, rhythms in hepatic mitosis, phospholipid, ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acid metabolism persist, while cell division rhythm in ear pinna of same animals is not detectable with the particular spot check used. In mice of same stock and age, on the 4th day in constant light, a significant rhythm persists in the relative specific activity of the hepatic phospholipid; timing of this metabolic cellular rhythm is drastically desynchronized from the reference standard of a 24-hr clock. Data reveal persistence of some mitotic and metabolic circadian rhythms under conditions studied, with phase drifts or phase shifts of these rhythms occurring both in relation to the 24-hr clock and among the rhythms themselves. These changes in external and internal timing of a circadian system are more extensive in constant light than in constant darkness.

Grice on Irony and Metaphor: Discredited by the Experimental Evidence?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marga Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Recent experimental studies appear to discredit Gricean accounts of irony and metaphor. I argue that appearances are decidedly misleading here and that Gricean accounts of these figures of speech are actually confirmed by the studies in question. However, my primary aim is not so much to defend Gricean accounts of irony and metaphor as it is to motivate two related points: one substantive and one methodological. The substantive point concerns something Grice suggests in his brief remarks on irony: that the interpretation of an ironical (vs. metaphorical) utterance requires two distinct applications of second-order theory of mind (ToM). I argue that such a view has considerable explanatory power. It can explain an intuitive contrast between irony and metaphor, some interesting data on the ToM abilities of patients with schizophrenia, and some intuitive similarities between irony on the one hand and hyperbole and meiosis on the other. The methodological point concerns the relationship between the empirical psychologist’s (or experimental philosopher’s) experimental studies and the armchair philosopher’s thought-experiments. I suggest that the credibility of an experimentally supported claim is enhanced when it captures the reflective judgments captured in the armchair philosopher’s thought-experiments.

The Transformation of Thiols Compounded in Raw Rubber

1951 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 914-915
Author(s):  
Jeanle Bras ◽  
Michel Montu
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorption ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Acetone Extraction ◽  
The One

Abstract During the last few years the rubber industry has made use of certain thiols, under the technical name of peptizing agents, which have the property of accelerating the plasticization of raw rubber during mastication. It is now known that this process of plasticization involves oxidation of the rubber, and that it does not take place in an atmosphere of an inert gas. Accordingly the present authors were induced, on the one hand, to follow the transformation of thiols during their participation in the mastication of rubber and, on the other hand, to observe their influence on the tendency of rubber to oxidize. In the first of these objectives, the analytical method utilized was ultra- violet absorption spectrography. To avoid pertubations in the spectra caused by the resins present in rubber, crepe rubber purified by acetone extraction was used in the experiments. The rubber was masticated at 100° C, and the thiol was added soon after the beginning of this mastication in the proportion of 5 per cent of the rubber. Samples were withdrawn at successive intervals of time, and the transformation products of the thiol, which were isolated by acetone extraction, were identified by their ultraviolet absorption spectra. In these experiments, chloroform solutions containing 0.5 gram per liter were employed.

EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS LIGHT ON THE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF THE FEMALE RAT: INDUCTION OF OVULATION AND PITUITARY GONADOTROPHINS DURING PERSISTENT OESTRUS

1967 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. SINGH ◽  
G. S. GREENWALD
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Control Light

SUMMARY The majority of rats exposed to constant light for approximately 6 weeks ovulated within 24 hr. after an injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), but required 24–48 hr. after a single injection of progesterone. This suggests that HCG acted directly on the ovary but that progesterone acted indirectly by way of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system. Animals injected with progesterone after 6 weeks of constant light failed to ovulate after single or spaced injections of progesterone at 90 days of constant light while HCG administration was still effective. Pituitary content and concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) in constant-light animals (duration of constant light: 45 days) were below normal pituitary levels during prooestrus and were in the range of normal oestrous values. On the other hand, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) content and concentration were similar to those in cyclic rats. Single injections of 1 mg. progesterone changed neither LH nor FSH concentration, despite the fact that such treatment induced ovulation. Bilateral ovariectomy increased both LH and FSH content and concentration in constant-light animals to the same extent as in control light—dark animals.

EFFECTS OF PINEALECTOMY, CONSTANT LIGHT AND DARKNESS ON GROWTH HORMONE LEVELS IN THE PITUITARY AND PLASMA OF THE RAT

1972 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RELKIN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Plasma Gh

SUMMARY The effects of constant light, constant darkness, and diurnal lighting, in combination with pinealectomy or sham pinealectomy, on pituitary and plasma concentrations of radio-immunoassayable growth hormone (GH) were investigated in 23- to 24-day-old male rats. In addition, the effects on pituitary, accessory sex organ, testes, adrenal and body weights, as well as tail length, were measured. Three days after operation random groups of pinealectomized and sham-pinealectomized animals were placed in either continuous light, continuous darkness or diurnal light, and killed 28–29 days later. Analysis of the results revealed that the sham-pinealectomized group exposed to constant darkness differed from the other five groups by showing lower pituitary and plasma GH concentrations, body weight, tail length and accessory sex organ weight relative to body weight and testes weight. No statistically significant differences were found in pituitary or adrenal weights. It is concluded that increased pineal function occurring in darkness probably inhibits secretion of GH releasing factor, decreasing pituitary synthesis and release of GH.

Experimental Evidence for the Role of Intonation in Evidential Marking

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del Mar Vanrell ◽  
Meghan E. Armstrong ◽  
Pilar Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sensory Evidence ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
The One

This paper investigates the role of intonation in the marking of directly-perceived information in Majorcan Catalan polar questions. We conducted a perception experiment in which a total of 72 participants were introduced to a set of twins who were exposed to different types of evidence for a given p(roposition). One twin inferred p based on direct sensory information (via one of the five senses), while the other had been told that p by a third party, that is, reported information. Participants listened to a set of discourse contexts that ended in critical stimuli with three attested combinations of particle/intonation in this variety of Catalan: (1) polar questions produced with a falling nuclear contour ¡H+L* L%; (2) polar questions headed with the particle que ‘that’ produced with ¡H+L* L%; and (3) polar questions headed with the particle que and produced with a rise-fall L+H* L%. After hearing the stimulus, participants had to decide which of the twins had uttered the question–the one who inferred a proposition ( p) based on direct sensory information or the one who had been told p by a third party. The results show that listeners very consistently associate the que + L+H* L% combination with inferences drawn from direct sensory evidence as opposed to reported evidence. This shows that particles may work in tandem with intonation to convey the information source. Importantly, we show that intonation is a part of grammar that may be recruited for evidential strategies.

scholarly journals The spark-spectra of indium and gallium in the extreme ultra-violet region

1925 ◽  
Vol 107 (741) ◽  
pp. 138-156 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Length ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pressure Tubing ◽  
Quartz Spectrograph ◽  
One Stop ◽  
The One ◽  
Gas Tight ◽  
Concave Grating

The spark-spectrum of indium in the ultra-violet has been especially studied by Saunders, that of gallium by Saunders and Klein. By the use of a one-metre concave grating, mounted in a brass tube which could be exhausted, Saunders was able to extend the indium spark-spectrum as far below into the ultra-violet as λ = 1699 A. U. The line of shortest wave-length as yet noted in the gallium spark-spectrum—namely, λ = 2176 A. U.—was measured by Klein with a large quartz spectrograph whose mounting was of the Littrow type. With the object in view of making a complete and comprehensive examination of the spark-spectral lines of the above elements, that should extend right through the extreme ultra-violet and the quartz regions, the following investigations were undertaken. A.— Experiments in the Quartz Region . 1. Description of Apparatus .—For studying the spectra in the quartz region a spark chamber, diagrammatically shown in the figure, was employed. The spark chamber proper was a pyrex bulb about 7 inches in diameter. The terminals were of gallium and aluminium in the one experiment, and indium and aluminium in the other. Gallium has a very low melting point (30·2° C.). It was therefore placed in a tiny quartz cup, which, supported by a long aluminium rod, formed the lower terminal for the discharge. A piece of tungsten wire led from the aluminium support through the stem of the cup to the gallium. The upper electrode was of aluminium filed down to a point. Pieces of pressure tubing, 2 inches in length, lined with soft wax, fitted over the terminal supports and the tube elongations from the spark chamber. These formed gas-tight moveable joints, and served for the purpose of adjusting the spaek gap. The gap ranged from 2 to 3 mm. in width. The quartz window, through which the light passed into the spectrograph, was fastened to the spark chamber with sealing wax. One stop-cock led to the exhaust pumps, the other to the system of drying tubes. The spark was produced by a primary current of 110 volts ranging from 4 to 6 amperes. A Hilger Quartz-Prism Spectrograph, Type A, was used. All photographs were taken on Schumann plates.

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