scholarly journals ALLERGIC IRRITABILITY

1924 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Lewis ◽  
Dorothy Loomis
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Functional Nature

The guinea pig infected with virulent tubercle bacilli develops much more anti-sheep amboceptor than do controls when given like amounts of sheep red blood corpuscles. The curve of antibody production in the guinea pig when treated with sheep red blood corpuscles shows a departure from curves previously determined in other animals. These facts were ascertained as part of an effort to learn mbre of the functional nature of the inheritable factors controlling natural resistance to disease. The nature of some of the problems involved is outlined, and the limited bearing of the experiments on these is discussed.

scholarly journals ALLERGIC IRRITABILITY

1928 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Lewis ◽  
Dorothy Loomis
Keyword(s):  
Anaphylactic Reaction ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Reaction Complex

The allergic irritability of closely inbred guinea pigs as represented by their capacity to produce hemolytic antibodies for beef and sheep corpuscles, and agglutinins for Bacillus typhosus and Bacillus abortus (Bang) differs by families and therefore is at least partly dependent on inherited characteristics. These differences show an imperfect but suggestive correlation with the differences in resistance of the same families to inoculation tuberculosis as previously determined by Wright and Lewis. The differences in antibody production also show an imperfect correlation with the differences in response in the anaphylactic reaction complex as previously determined by Lewis and Loomis. These studies suggest very strongly that the allergic irritability is one of the several inheritable characters which form a partial basis for the natural resistance to tuberculosis. The antibody-producing capacity is only satisfactorily defined when minimal or moderate amounts of antigen are used and this in single treatments. The irregularities in experimental result when repeated treatments or very large single treatments are used suggest that antibody production in the second or "acquired capacity" phase may rest on a somewhat different fundamental basis than the latent or potential natural capacity. There is some very slight evidence that production in the second phase may also be influenced by inherited qualities.

scholarly journals Genetical studies on immunity in mice: II. Correlation between antibody formation and resistance

1938 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Gorer ◽  
H. Schütze
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Production ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Internal Variation ◽  
Mouse Lines

1. Four mouse lines have been tested for “H” and “O” antibody production following inoculation with Salmonella typhi murium and S. enteritidis; two of these lines had been selected for resistance and susceptibility but not inbred; two, D and E, had been brother-sister inbred for over thirty generations but not selectively as far as resistance is concerned.2. After immunization with S. typhi murium:(a) Female mice, in all four lines, tend to give higher “H” and “O” titres than do males, a positive correlation between ability to produce antibody and resistance to infection being thus established.(b) Interline differences exist for both these antibodies. Those concerned with “H” antibody may be correlated with resistance. In the case of “O” antibody, no correlation is suggested.3. After immunization with S. enteritidis:There appears to be no correlation sexually or interlineally between resistance and antibody production. That genetic differences exist, in respect of this organism also, is shown by the fact that the pure lines, D and E, give a better antibody response than the selected lines A and B. When tested for immunizability by subsequent infection with S. enteritidis no useful information could be obtained with strain A or B owing to their great internal variation. Strains D and E both showed a gain in expectation of life following immunization. The more resistant strain D showed a significantly greater gain than did E, the strain with a lower natural resistance.4. The titres of normal “O” enteritidis-antibody found in the four lines indicates that there may be a negative correlation between the titre of these antibodies and resistance to infection with S. enteritidis.5. The significance of the above findings is discussed and it is stressed that a significant correlation between resistance and antibody formation does not imply that the two phenomena are causally related.6. It is pointed out that strains that have been inbred even without selection react far more homogeneously in the infection experiments here described than do strains that have been selected but not intensively inbred.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON PNEUMOCOCCUS GROWTH INHIBITION

1927 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswald H. Robertson ◽  
Richard H. P. Sia
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Fresh Serum ◽  
Killing Action

A study was made of the pneumococcidal action of serum-leucocyte mixtures of pneumococcus-resistant animals with a view to determining whether this property of the blood is to be accounted for by the presence of certain serum constituents or by cellular characteristics which are lacking in the blood of susceptible animals. By means of a method specially developed for this purpose, it was found that, after adequate contact with the serum of pneumococcus-resistant animals, virulent pneumococci were phagocyted actively not only by the homologous leucocytes but also by the leucocytes of other resistant and susceptible animals. On the other hand, pneumococci exposed to the action of the serum of pneumococcus-susceptible animals were not taken up by the leucocytes of either the resistant or susceptible species. All the resistant animals tested, dog, cat, sheep, pig and horse, showed marked opsonic properties in their blood serum which were not found in the serum of susceptible ones, rabbit, guinea pig and human. There appeared, however, to be no essential difference in the phagocytic activity of the leucocytes from the various animals. It was then shown that the pneumococcus-destroying power of serum-leucocyte mixtures was entirely abolished when heated serum was substituted for fresh serum and that such heated serum had lost much of its opsonic potency. Neither the living leucocytes alone nor extracts of the leucocytes were observed to exert any killing action on pneumococci. Further evidence of the controlling influence of opsonic action in the antipneumococcus defence mechanism of the blood, and its importance in natural resistance, was afforded by a study of the opsonin content and leucocytic functions of the blood of full grown and young rabbits as related to their widely varying degrees of pneumococcus susceptibility.

Antibody Production in the Guinea Pig to Homologous Uvea.

1964 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Wacker ◽  
M. M. Lipton ◽  
F. E. Ongchua
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Antibody Production

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antiasthamic Activity of Electrohomeopathy Formulation Pettorale on Experimental Animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Prasant Kumar Sabat
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Histamine Release ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Egg Albumin

Objective: The current study was planned to evaluate the antiasthamatic effect of Electrohomeopathic medicine Pettorale in various experimental models. Methods: The antiasthmatic activity of Electrohomeopathic medicine Pettorale was studied on different experimental animals like histamine induced bronchospasm in guinea pig, haloperidol induced catalepsy in rats, egg albumin induced paw anaphylaxis in rats and milk induced leukocytosis in mice. Conclusion: Preliminary phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, steroids and terpenoids. Petorella exhibited best antihistaminic activity at the dose of 400 mg/kg.  It inhibited haloperidol-induced catalepsy, increased leukocyte count and increased eosinophil count due to milk allergen. Antiasthmatic activity of Pettorale may be possible due to the membrane stabilising potential, suppression of antibody production and inhibition of antigen induced histamine release. Keywords: Electrohomeopathy,   Pettorale, catalepsy, asthma, histamine

"Foreign Serum" Heterophile Antibodies in Patients Receiving Antithymocyte Antisera

Blood ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Pirofsky ◽  
J. C. Ramirez-Mateos ◽  
Anne August
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Serum Sickness ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Diseases ◽  
Heterophile Antibody ◽  
Pig Kidney ◽  
Serum Type

Abstract Forty-six patients with venous immunologically mediated or lymphoproliferative diseases received goat antihuman thymocyte antisera globulin (ATG) therapy. Heterophile antibody production occurred in 91 % of these patients, following ATG administration. The heterophile antibody was absorbable with both guinea pig kidney and boiled beef erythrocyte antigens. This corresponds to a form of heterophile antibody previously reported as a "serum sickness" variety. The heterophile antibody was composed of a mixture of gamma G and gamma M antibodies and was partially absorbed by ATG. Serum sickness did not occur in any of these patients, in spite of the production of heterophile antibodies. It is recommended that the involved heterogenetic antigen be termed "foreign serum" variety, and the resulting antibody described as a "foreign serum" type of heterophile antibody.

scholarly journals THE QUANTITY OF CHOLESTEROL IN THE BLOOD SERUM OF THE GUINEA PIG AS AN INHERITED CHARACTER; ITS RELATION TO NATURAL RESISTANCE TO TUBERCULOSIS, AND TO TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION

1927 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Bovine Type

1. Infection with tubercle bacilli of bovine type produced no alteration in the serum cholesterol content in guinea pigs. 2. Certain controlled variations in diet produced no changes in the serum cholesterol content in guinea pigs. 3. Inbred families of guinea pigs known to manifest differing resistances to tuberculosis gave differing serum cholesterol values, but no direct relationship between the two sets of phenomena could be established. 4. It seems probable that in the guinea pig the cholesterol content of the blood serum is influenced by inherited factors.

The Effects of Homologous Testicular and Brain and Heterologous Testicular Homogenates combined with Adjuvant upon the Testes of Guinea-Pigs

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Seymour Katsh ◽  
David W. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Common Antigens ◽  
Heterologous Sperm ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Sperm Immobilization ◽  
Ram Sperm

Numerous efforts have demonstrated antibody production after injection of spermatozoa into animals of the same species. For example, Metalnikoff (1900) and Kennedy (1924) reported anti-guinea-pig sperm ‘toxins’ in guinea-pigs; McCartney (1923) noted anti-rat sperm ‘toxins’ in rats; Pfeiffer (1905), Dittler (1920), and Pommerenke (1928) demonstrated anti-rabbit ‘spermatotoxins’ in rabbits. Antibody production against heterologous sperm has also been disclosed: Mudd & Mudd (1929) injected human, guinea-pig, bull, and ram sperm into rabbits and reported that the resultant antibodies were species specific. The absoluteness of specificity, both organ and species, however, has been qualified by the study of Lewis (1934), who found that brain and testicles possess common antigens, and Henle (1938) has extended Mudd & Mudd's (1929) observations on cross-reaction between sperm of closely related species. In the above-mentioned studies the methods for determining antisperm activity of antisera included complement-fixation, sperm-immobilization, agglutination, and precipitin tests.

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