scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE ANTISEPTIC PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

1918 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Kligler
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Salt ◽  
Methyl Green ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dyes ◽  
Benzene Nucleus ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Alkyl Radicals ◽  
Alkyl Derivatives ◽  
Bacillus Coli ◽  
Inhibitive Action

This study of the inhibitive effect of aniline and some of its derivatives and of the triphenylmethane dyes on certain bacteria warrants the following tentative conclusions: 1. The composition and reaction of the medium exert a marked influence on the behavior of the antiseptic. The higher the concentration of organic nitrogenous compounds (peptone) in the medium, the lower is the effective concentration of the dye. The reaction of the medium modifies the specific action of the antiseptic, owing probably to an alteration in the bacterial cell. 2. The germicidal action of the compounds is a function of the benzene nucleus, the added elements or radicals, their number, and, in the case of the dyes, probably the quinoid structure of the nucleus. 3. As far as tested, the increase in the number of alkyl radicals increases the antiseptic power. Methyl green is an interesting exception to this rule, for the change of one of the nitrogens to the quaternary salt is accompanied by an almost complete loss in inhibitive action. 4. The antiseptic power is enhanced to a greater extent by an ethyl than a methyl group, and the second alkyl produces a proportionately greater increase than the first. It appears that the relative position of the introduced group may be a factor in determining the relative improvement in the effectiveness of the compound. 5. The introduction of a methyl group in the nucleus consistently enhances the inhibitive action of the compound and its alkyl derivatives. This is evident from a comparison of the action of aniline and its derivatives with that of toluidine and its corresponding derivatives. 6. The simple aniline derivatives, as well as the dyes, are more toxic for the Gram-positive than the Gram-negative bacteria. Of the former, Bacillus subtilis is more sensitive to the dyes than Staphylococcus aureus, while the reverse is true in the case of the aniline compounds. 7. The most marked specific selective effect is manifested by the triphenylmethane dyes. Bacillus aerogenes and Bacillus typhosus possess a higher resistance to these substances than Bacillus coli orBacfflus dysenterice. The last is exceedingly sensitive. This partial specificity is apparently a function of the molecule as a whole.

scholarly journals A convenient and practical synthesis of β-diketones bearing linear perfluorinated alkyl groups and a 2-thienyl moiety

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 3106-3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya V Taydakov ◽  
Yuliya M Kreshchenova ◽  
Ekaterina P Dolotova
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Group ◽  
Alkyl Radicals ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Practical Synthesis ◽  
Copper Chelates

A versatile and robust synthetic protocol for the preparation of β-diketones bearing 2-thienyl and perfluorinated alkyl radicals of different length or a methyl group was developed. This protocol is suitable for the preparation of multigram quantities of diketones without cumbersome purification procedures. Moreover, the known method for purification of diketones via copper chelates was improved considerably.

Ionic and Radical Mechanisms in Olefinic Systems, with Special Reference to Processes of Double-Bond Displacement, Vulcanization and Photogelling

1942 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-779
Author(s):  
Ernest Harold Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Methyl Substituent ◽  
Benzene Nucleus ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Unsaturated System ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Electron Release

Abstract The α-methylenic reactions discussed in the preceding two papers recall a series of interesting observations by Baker and Nathan, which indicate that a p-methyl substituent attached to the benzene nucleus can permit electron release to the nucleus in a manner that appears only in lesser degree in higher alkyl groups, and may be absent in some (e.g., Buγ). Thus in p-methylbenzyl bromide, the suggested function of the methyl group (dotted arrows in (I) permits (see PDF for diagram) additional electron release at the C—Br bond, and so facilitates the anionization of the bromine. Baker and Nathan suggest that the electrons of the duplet constituting the C—H bond of the methyl group are less localized than those in a similarly placed C—C bond, and hence that a methyl group attached to the necessary conjugated unsaturated system is capable of electron-release by a mechanism similar to the tautomeric effect:

scholarly journals METHYL GREEN-PYRONIN

1950 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Kurnick
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Methyl Green ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dyes

1. Methyl green stains selectively highly polymerized desoxyribonucleic acid, and fails to stain, to any significant extent, depolymerized desoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid. 2. Pyronin stains preferentially low polymers of nucleic acid. 3. Triphenylmethane dyes with two amino groups appear to share the selectivity of methyl green. Those with three amino groups are not selective. 4. A stereochemical hypothesis is offered to account for these observations.

N transfer from white clover to perennial ryegrass, via exudation of nitrogenous compounds

Agronomie ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Paynel ◽  
Jean Bernard Cliquet
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
N Transfer ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds

Use of [13C-methyl]Tropinone to follow the fate of the methyl group during calystegine formation in root cultures of Solanum dulcamara (Solanaceae)

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Bartholomeusz ◽  
R Molinié ◽  
A Roscher ◽  
AC Freydank ◽  
B Dräger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Cultures ◽  
Solanum Dulcamara ◽  
Methyl Group

STEROIDSTRUKTUR UND LEBERTOXIZITÄT

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Krüskemper ◽  
G. Noell
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Blood Coagulation Factors ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Androstane Derivatives

ABSTRACT In male subjects investigations have been carried out regarding the effect of C1- and C17-methylated androstane derivatives (20 mg per day, orally, two weeks) on liver functions (parameters: activities of GPT, GOT, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase in serum; electrophoretic pattern; blood coagulation factors V, VII, X and prothrombin; BSP-retention). In addition to the well known hepatotropic action of 17α-alkylated C-19-steroids a quasi-axial 1α-methyl configuration (in 1α-methylandrost-2-en-17β-ol) definitely increased BSP-retention and several coagulation factors. These steroid effects decreased gradually when a methyl group was introduced in C1 equatorially (1-methylandrost-1-en-17β-ol-3-one) or quasi-equatorially (1β-methylandrost-2-en-17β-ol), the latter compound completely lacking from any influence on parameters of liver function under investigation.

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