scholarly journals METHYL GREEN-PYRONIN

1950 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Kurnick
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Methyl Green ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dyes

1. Methyl green stains selectively highly polymerized desoxyribonucleic acid, and fails to stain, to any significant extent, depolymerized desoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid. 2. Pyronin stains preferentially low polymers of nucleic acid. 3. Triphenylmethane dyes with two amino groups appear to share the selectivity of methyl green. Those with three amino groups are not selective. 4. A stereochemical hypothesis is offered to account for these observations.

XII.—The Histochemical Demonstration of Ribonucleic Acid in Mammalian Liver

1944 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Davidson ◽  
C. Waymouth
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Classical View ◽  
Mammalian Liver

The classical view that, of the two known types of nucleic acid, desoxyribonucleic acid (thymonucleic acid) is characteristic of animal tissues and ribonucleic acid (pentose nucleic acid) of plant tissues, was established by the work of Kossel and others and upheld as a fundamental generalisation by Jones (1920). This view, which was current for over thirty years, has had to be abandoned in the light of more recent evidence. Not only has desoxyribonucleic acid been found in plant tissues, but ribonucleic acid has been isolated from the pancreas (Jorpes, 1928, 1934) and has been shown to be widespread in animal tissues (Davidson and Waymouth, 1943, 1944 a, b). Ribonucleic acid has been isolated, also, from liver tissue, in which it is present in much larger amounts than is desoxyribonucleic acid (Davidson and Waymouth, 1944 c).

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF NUCLEIC ACIDS AND OF CARBOHYDRATES ON THE FORMATION OF STREPTOLYSIN

1948 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Bernheimer ◽  
Marcelle Rodbart
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Streptolysin S ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Mammalian Liver ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

1. Ribonucleic acid of yeast causes the formation of a potent hemolysin in broth cultures of Streptococcus pyogenes. 2. The hemolysin whose formation is induced by yeast ribonucleic acid appears to be identical with streptolysin S. 3. Desoxyribonucleic acid, products of acid or alkaline hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid, or many other substances tested, fail to produce a similar effect. 4. Digestion by ribonuclease increases markedly the streptolysin-inducing activity of certain preparations of ribonucleic acid. 5. A fraction (AF) of yeast nucleic acid has been isolated which possesses approximately 100 times the streptolysin-inducing capacity of the starting material. Some of the properties which distinguish AF, a polynucleotide, from ordinary yeast nucleic acid are described. AF is associated with the ribonuclease-resistant fraction of yeast nucleic acid. 6. Ribonucleic acid prepared from streptococci, wheat germ, and mammalian liver, and subsequently treated with ribonuclease, is about as active in causing streptolysin formation as ribonuclease-treated yeast nucleic acid. 7. Ribonucleic acid of tobacco mosaic virus, tested under comparable conditions, was found to be inactive. 8. Ribonucleic acid prepared from streptococci, wheat germ, and tobacco mosaic virus resembles yeast nucleic acid in possessing a ribonuclease-resistant fraction. 9. In addition to AF, a factor (or factors), present in meat infusion and in peptone, was found to be required for the formation of streptolysin. 10. The factor can be partially replaced by any one of several carbohydrates, the most active being maltose, glucosamine, and trehalose, in that order. 11. When appropriate concentrations of AF, maltose, and glucose are used, the nucleic acid-induced streptolysin can be produced in a medium whose chemical composition is essentially defined.

scholarly journals PHAGE FORMATION IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS MUSCAE CULTURES

1949 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winston H. Price
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
A Value ◽  
Rna Content ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Short Time

1. The total nucleic acid synthesized by normal and by infected S. muscae suspensions is approximately the same. This is true for either lag phase cells or log phase cells. 2. The amount of nucleic acid synthesized per cell in normal cultures increases during the lag period and remains fairly constant during log growth. 3. The amount of nucleic acid synthesized per cell by infected cells increases during the whole course of the infection. 4. Infected cells synthesize less RNA and more DNA than normal cells. The ratio of RNA/DNA is larger in lag phase cells than in log phase cells. 5. Normal cells release neither ribonucleic acid nor desoxyribonucleic acid into the medium. 6. Infected cells release both ribonucleic acid and desoxyribonucleic acid into the medium. The time and extent of release depend upon the physiological state of the cells. 7. Infected lag phase cells may or may not show an increased RNA content. They release RNA, but not DNA, into the medium well before observable cellular lysis and before any virus is liberated. At virus liberation, the cell RNA content falls to a value below that initially present, while DNA, which increased during infection falls to approximately the original value. 8. Infected log cells show a continuous loss of cell RNA and a loss of DNA a short time after infection. At the time of virus liberation the cell RNA value is well below that initially present and the cells begin to lyse.

Peptide synthesis in bone marrow: insulin and thyroxin effects

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Necheles
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Peptide Synthesis ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anabolic Effect ◽  
Oxygen Buffer

Myeloid marrow was rapidly removed from femurs of fasting young rabbits, sectioned, and incubated in Krebs-bicarbonate-CO2-oxygen buffer with appropriate C14-labeled precursors. All manipulations were designed to preserve the architecture of the tissue. After 1 hr the protein or nucleic acid-adenine was isolated and purified. Insulin, 0.01 U/ml added in vitro, stimulated histidine-2(ring)-C14 incorporation into protein by 26 ± 1.4%; alkali-treated insulin was inactive. Thyroxin elicited a 49.4 ± 2.1% stimulation at an optimum concentration of 10–7 m. Triiodothyronine, but not diiodothyronine, also had a significant effect. Insulin increased incorporation of carbon from adenosine-8-C14 into adenine of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid. Thyroxin, on the other hand, was without consistent effect on this process. Thyroxin stimulated significantly the incorporation of C14 of glycine-2-C14 into adenine. The possibility that part of the anabolic effect of thyroxin on bone marrow may arise from a stimulus to incorporation of precursors into purines is suggested.

The Use of Basic Dyes and Ribonuclease for the Cytochemical Detection of Ribonucleic Acid

1953 ◽  
Vol s3-94 (25) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J. BRACHET
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Methyl Green ◽  
General Technique ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Basic Dyes

1. Basic dyes (methyl green/pyronin, and toluidin blue), in conjunction with ribonuclease, may be used to detect the cytochemical localization of ribonucleic acid. This technique has been examined critically. 2. The fixative used is important and results vary with different materials. It is suggested that Zenker and Serra fixation should be compared in preliminary investigations. Unexplained anomalies arise in the use of frozen-dried material. 3. Details are given of the methods of use of ribonuclease and of the dyes, and a general technique is given for preliminary investigations. 4. It is concluded that there is a general parallelism between intensity of staining with basic dyes and content of ribonucleic acid, but there is no evidence yet available to justify the use of such staining for the quantitative estimation of ribonucleic acid.

Effects of tocopherol depletion on muscle nucleic acid and creatine levels in the frog

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross A. Gortner ◽  
Ann F. Milano
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Dietary Requirement ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Muscle Creatine ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽  
Total Muscle

Groups of adult male frogs were force fed on diets either devoid of fat and tocopherols or containing "stripped" corn oil with or without added α-tocopherol for 120 days. At the end of this period histological examinations of the gastrocnemius muscles and testes revealed no signs of degeneration in any dietary group. Biochemical studies on the muscle gave no reflection of tocopherol deficiency in the levels or proportions of total ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid but did show a marked lowering of total muscle creatine in frogs on the tocopherol-free diets. The deficient animals subjected to considerable amounts of the polyunsaturated corn oil exhibited the lowest creatine levels. It is concluded that the adult frog has a dietary requirement for vitamin E and that more prolonged deprivation probably would result in the dystrophic symptoms commonly noted in other species.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Analysis of Three Antiviral Regimens of Peramivir in the Treatment of Severe Influenza A with Primary Viral Pneumonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-na Wang ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Shu-le Yu ◽  
Yue-hui Ding ◽  
Meng-lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Viral Nucleic Acid ◽  
Severe Influenza ◽  
The Difference

Objective. To evaluate the difference of clinical efficacy of peramivir alone and peramivir combined with immunomodulators (either ribonucleic acid or thymopetidum) in the treatment of severe influenza A with primary viral pneumonia. Methods. A retrospective analysis was applied to 45 patients who were diagnosed with severe influenza A with primary viral pneumonia in our hospital from December 2017 to March 2018. The cases were divided into three groups: the peramivir group, the peramivir combined with ribonucleic acid group, and the peramivir combined with thymopetidum group. Results. The duration of viral nucleic acid positivity in the peramivir group, the peramivir combined with ribonucleic acid group, and the peramivir combined with thymopetidum group was 6.13 ± 2.06, 6.53 ± 2.72, and 6.10 ± 1.37 days, respectively. The remission time of the clinical symptoms of the peramivir group, the peramivir combined with ribonucleic acid group, and the peramivir combined with thymopetidum group was 8.06 ± 2.73, 7.94 ± 2.89, and 7.67 ± 1.58 days, respectively. Comparisons between the peramivir group and the peramivir combined with ribonucleic acid group or the peramivir combined with thymopetidum group revealed no significant differences in the duration of virus nucleic acid positivity, remission time of clinical symptoms, time to fever alleviation, and time to cough alleviation. Conclusions. There is no observed benefit in the addition of ribonucleic acid or thymopetidum when peramivir sodium chloride injection is used in the treatment of severe influenza A with primary viral pneumonia. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1800019417.

Antibody-nucleic acid complexes. Inhibition of translation of silkmoth chorion messenger ribonucleic acid with antibodies specific for 7-methylguanosine

Biochemistry ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 3804-3810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore W. Munns ◽  
Charles S. Morrow ◽  
James R. Hunsley ◽  
Robert J. Oberst ◽  
M. Kathryn Liszewski
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Silkmoth Chorion
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