scholarly journals Trans-nodal migration of resident dendritic cells into medullary interfollicular regions initiates immunity to influenza vaccine

2014 ◽  
Vol 211 (8) ◽  
pp. 1611-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Woodruff ◽  
Balthasar A. Heesters ◽  
Caroline N. Herndon ◽  
Joanna R. Groom ◽  
Paul G. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Germinal Center ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
B Cell Memory ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Effective Immunization ◽  
Collection Sites

Dendritic cells (DCs) are well established as potent antigen-presenting cells critical to adaptive immunity. In vaccination approaches, appropriately stimulating lymph node–resident DCs (LNDCs) is highly relevant to effective immunization. Although LNDCs have been implicated in immune response, their ability to directly drive effective immunity to lymph-borne antigen remains unclear. Using an inactive influenza vaccine model and whole node imaging approaches, we observed surprising responsiveness of LNDC populations to vaccine arrival resulting in a transnodal repositioning into specific antigen collection sites within minutes after immunization. Once there, LNDCs acquired viral antigen and initiated activation of viral specific CD4+ T cells, resulting in germinal center formation and B cell memory in the absence of skin migratory DCs. Together, these results demonstrate an unexpected stimulatory role for LNDCs where they are capable of rapidly locating viral antigen, driving early activation of T cell populations, and independently establishing functional immune response.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Dendritic Cells to Microenvironment Signals

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Maria Motta ◽  
Vivian Mary Rumjanek
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
The Way

Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells capable of either activating the immune response or inducing and maintaining immune tolerance. They do this by integrating stimuli from the environment and changing their functional status as a result of plasticity. The modifications suffered by these cells have consequences in the way the organism may respond. In the present work two opposing situations known to affect dendritic cells are analyzed: tumor growth, leading to a microenvironment that favors the induction of a tolerogenic profile, and organ transplantation, which leads to a proinflammatory profile. Lessons learned from these situations may help to understand the mechanisms of modulation resulting not only from the above circumstances, but also from other pathologies.

scholarly journals Pros and Cons of Antigen-Presenting Cell Targeted Tumor Vaccines

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleo Goyvaerts ◽  
Karine Breckpot
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Tumor Vaccines ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cell ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Antigen Presenting

In therapeutic antitumor vaccination, dendritic cells play the leading role since they decide if, how, when, and where a potent antitumor immune response will take place. Since the disentanglement of the complexity and merit of different antigen-presenting cell subtypes, antitumor immunotherapeutic research started to investigate the potential benefit of targeting these subtypesin situ. This review will discuss which antigen-presenting cell subtypes are at play and how they have been targeted and finally question the true meaning of targeting antitumor-based vaccines.

Chemokines and dendritic cells in inflammatory myopathies: Figure 1

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tournadre ◽  
P Miossec
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Leucocyte Recruitment

This review focuses on the contribution of the local production of chemokines and cytokines and of dendritic cells (DC) to the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies. DC are the most efficient professional antigen-presenting cells (APC), which are critical for the development of innate and adaptive immune responses. Chemokines are important mediators of the immune response as they regulate leucocyte recruitment to tissue and play a key role in inflammatory diseases by acting on T-cell and DC migration. Recent advances indicate that the muscle cell itself could participate in the inflammatory process. Furthermore, the T-helper (Th) type 1 and Th17 proinflammatory cytokines, present in myositis samples, are associated with the migration, differentiation and maturation of inflammatory cells and allow a network of interactions between all the components of the immune response. An understanding of such interactions is essential because it can lead to therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Dendritic Cells in Sepsis: Pathological Alterations and Therapeutic Implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Dong Wu ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Xin-Ying Ji
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Sepsis is the leading cause of death for critically ill patients in recent years. Dendritic cells (DCs) are important antigen-presenting cells and play a key role in immune response by regulating the innate and adaptive immunity. The number of DCs, the differentiation of monocytes into DCs, and the levels of surface molecules associated with the function of DCs are changed in the development of sepsis. There are many mechanisms involved in the alterations of DCs during sepsis, including the induction of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation, activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, epigenetic regulation, and variation in Toll-like receptor-dependent signaling. In this review, we present the classifications of DC subsets and mechanisms involved in the alterations of DCs in sepsis, as well as further discuss the therapeutic strategies targeting DCs in sepsis to improve the aberrant immune response and prolong the life during sepsis progression.

scholarly journals Alterations of Dendritic Cells in Sepsis: Featured Role in Immunoparalysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Fan ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
He Jin ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
Hua-ping Liang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Immune Disorder ◽  
And Function ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Sepsis, the leading cause of mortality in intensive care unit, is characterized by hyperinflammatory response in the early stage and followed by a period of immunosuppression. This immune disorder is believed to be the potent factor that is tightly associated with high mortality in sepsis. Dendritic cells (DCs) serve as professional antigen-presenting cells that play a vital role in immune response by activating T lymphocytes. During the progression of sepsis, DCs have been reported to take part in the aberrant immune response and be necessary for survival. Therefore, a better understanding of the DCs pathology will be undoubtedly beneficial for resolving the problems occurring in sepsis. This review discusses effects of sepsis on DCs number and function, including surface molecules expression, cytokines secretion, and T cell activation, and the underlying mechanism as well as some potential therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals A positive feedback loop reinforces the allergic immune response in human peanut allergy

2021 ◽  
Vol 218 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Zhou ◽  
Wong Yu ◽  
Shu-Chen Lyu ◽  
Claudia Macaubas ◽  
Bryan Bunning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Oral Immunotherapy ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Myeloid Dendritic Cells ◽  
Positive Feedback Loop ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Food allergies are a leading cause of anaphylaxis, and cellular mechanisms involving antigen presentation likely play key roles in their pathogenesis. However, little is known about the response of specific antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets to food allergens in the setting of food allergies. Here, we show that in peanut-allergic humans, peanut allergen drives the differentiation of CD209+ monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and CD23+ (FcєRII) myeloid dendritic cells through the action of allergen-specific CD4+ T cells. CD209+ DCs act reciprocally on the same peanut-specific CD4+ T cell population to reinforce Th2 cytokine expression in a positive feedback loop, which may explain the persistence of established food allergy. In support of this novel model, we show clinically that the initiation of oral immunotherapy (OIT) in peanut-allergic patients is associated with a decrease in CD209+ DCs, suggesting that breaking the cycle of positive feedback is associated with therapeutic effect.

scholarly journals Modern strategies and capabilities for activation of the immune response against tumor cells

Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 101042831769838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Vital’evich Sennikov ◽  
Julia Nikolaevna Khantakova ◽  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Kulikova ◽  
Irina Alexandrovna Obleukhova ◽  
Julia Alexandrovna Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Antitumor Immune Response ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Additional Stimulation ◽  
Naive T Lymphocytes

Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells and the most potent stimulators of various immune responses, such as antitumor responses. Modern studies have not shown an effective antitumor immune response development in patients with malignant tumors. The major cause is the decrease in functional activity of dendritic cells in cancer patients through irregularities in the maturation process to a functionally active form and in the antigen presentation process to naive T lymphocytes. This review describes the main stages of cellular antitumor immune response induction in vitro, aimed at resolving the problems that are blocking the full functioning of dendritic cells, and additional stimulation of antitumor immune response.

scholarly journals Acquired Protective Immunity in Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar against the Myxozoan Kudoa thyrsites Involves Induction of MHIIβ+ CD83+ Antigen-Presenting Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Braden ◽  
Karina J. Rasmussen ◽  
Sara L. Purcell ◽  
Lauren Ellis ◽  
Amelia Mahony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Kudoa Thyrsites ◽  
Antigen Presenting

ABSTRACTThe histozoic myxozoan parasiteKudoa thyrsitescauses postmortem myoliquefaction and is responsible for economic losses to salmon aquaculture in the Pacific Northwest. Despite its importance, little is known about the host-parasite relationship, including the host response to infection. The present work sought to characterize the immune response in Atlantic salmon during infection, recovery, and reexposure toK. thyrsites. After exposure to infective seawater, infected and uninfected smolts were sampled three times over 4,275 degree-days. Histological analysis revealed infection severity decreased over time in exposed fish, while in controls there was no evidence of infection. Following a secondary exposure of all fish, severity of infection in the controls was similar to that measured in exposed fish at the first sampling time but was significantly reduced in reexposed fish, suggesting the acquisition of protective immunity. Using immunohistochemistry, we detected a population of MHIIβ+cells in infected muscle that followed a pattern of abundance concordant with parasite prevalence. Infiltration of these cells into infected myocytes preceded destruction of the plasmodium and dissemination of myxospores. Dual labeling indicated a majority of these cells were CD83+/MHIIβ+. Using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, we detected significant induction of cellular effectors, including macrophage/dendritic cells (mhii/cd83/mcsf), B cells (igm/igt), and cytotoxic T cells (cd8/nkl), in the musculature of infected fish. These data support a role for cellular effectors such as antigen-presenting cells (monocyte/macrophage and dendritic cells) along with B and T cells in the acquired protective immune response of Atlantic salmon againstK. thyrsites.

scholarly journals Leptin’s and antigen-presenting cells’ functions in periodontitis – an overview / Leptin e as funções das células que apresentam antigénios na periodontite - uma visão geral

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 8011-8019
Author(s):  
Giovanna Ganem Favero ◽  
Isabela Lopes Martin ◽  
Fernanda Pereira da Silva Albino ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Fontana ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
The Relationship

Leptin is a hormone synthesized predominantly by white adipose tissue. Its production levels are directly proportional to the total mass of this tissue in an individual’s body. Apart from its classic role in the regulation of hunger and satiety, it also plays an important part in scenarios involving innate and adaptive immune responses. It has been discovered that leptin levels are altered in a variety of inflammatory responses, such as periodontitis, a condition which derives from a persistent inflammatory immune response from a host facing bacterial infection. The initial trigger for this reaction is the recognition of the pathogens by antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, whose actions can be influenced by leptin. This review aims to present the relationship between leptin, dendritic cells and macrophages in the context of periodontal disease. Thus, we have assembled the most important findings related to leptin’s role in the modulation of the immune response carried out by these cells in periodontitis.

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