scholarly journals INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNING THE CHANGES IN SERUM PROTEINS DURING IMMUNIZATION

1959 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bjørneboe ◽  
Michael Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Significant Alteration ◽  
Regulative Mechanism

On hyperimmunization of rabbits with pneumococcal vaccine, increase in the content of gamma globulin and fall of albumin in the serum are produced. In such hyperimmunized rabbits, investigations of the plasma volume, albumin degradation, and the distribution of the albumin intra- and extravascularly were undertaken by Sterling's method employing rabbit albumin labelled with I131. The investigations do not suggest any significant alteration in the albumin degradation nor in the distribution between the intra- and extravascular albumin. It was demonstrated that the plasma volume increases simultaneously with increase in the gamma globulin and fall in albumin. It is concluded that the fall in serum albumin observed is due to a regulative mechanism which attempts to maintain the colloid-osmotic pressure by increasing the plasma volume.

scholarly journals THE CHANGES IN SERUM PROTEINS AND BLOOD VOLUME DURING IMMUNIZATION

1961 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bjørneboe ◽  
Stig Jarnum
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
High Concentrations

In rabbits hyperimmunized with pneumococcal vaccine high concentrations of gamma globulin are produced. In such rabbits, plasma volume was determined with 131I-labelled rabbit albumin and red cell volume with 51-Cr-labelled autologous red cells. It was found that the plasma volume increased with increasing gamma globulin concentration, the highest values observed being about 10 gm. per cent gamma globulin and about 70 ml. plasma per kg as against normal values of 0.6 to 0.7 gm. per cent gamma globulin and 30 ml. plasma per kg. The red cell volume was the same in immunized and in normal rabbits and consequently hemoglobin concentration fell with increasing gamma globulin.

Albumin Metabolism in Cystic Fibrosis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-144
Author(s):  
A. Myron Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Albumin Synthesis

The study by Strober, Peter, and Schwartz, "Albumin Metabolism in Cystic Fibrosis," demonstrates without question that there is a correlation between serum albumin levels and plasma volume. Causal relationships are more difficult to ascertain, however. It has been well documented that alterations in colloid osmotic pressure result in inverse alteration of albumin synthesis in normovolemic subjects. The previous studies cited by Strober, et al. have all demonstrated, and frequently commented upon, the correlation between hypoalbuminemia in cystic fibrosis patients beyond infancy and elevated levels of immunoglobulins and, when measured, α1- and α2-globulins.

Influence of hydrostatic pressure gradients on regulation of plasma volume after exercise

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Mack ◽  
Roger Yang ◽  
Alan R. Hargens ◽  
Kei Nagashima ◽  
Andrew Haskell
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Upright Posture ◽  
Immediate Recovery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The impact of posture on the immediate recovery of intravascular fluid and protein after intense exercise was determined in 14 volunteers. Forces which govern fluid and protein movement in muscle interstitial fluid pressure (PISF), interstitial colloid osmotic pressure (COPi), and plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COPp) were measured before and after exercise in the supine or upright position. During exercise, plasma volume (PV) decreased by 5.7 ± 0.7 and 7.0 ± 0.5 ml/kg body weight in the supine and upright posture, respectively. During recovery, PV returned to its baseline value within 30 min regardless of posture. PV fell below this level by 60 and 120 min in the supine and upright posture, respectively ( P < 0.05). Maintenance of PV in the upright position was associated with a decrease in systolic blood pressure, an increase in COPp (from 25 ± 1 to 27 ± 1 mmHg; P < 0.05), and an increase in PISF (from 5 ± 1 to 6 ± 2 mmHg), whereas COPi was unchanged. Increased PISFindicates that the hydrostatic pressure gradient favors fluid movement into the vascular space. However, retention of the recaptured fluid in the plasma is promoted only in the upright posture because of increased COPp.

Lack of a clinical significant correlation between serum albumin and colloid osmotic pressure

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S81-S81
Author(s):  
H Delwig ◽  
J C Paling ◽  
J H Zwaveling ◽  
A R J Girbes
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure

Effect of plasma osmolality on steady-state fluid shifts in perfused cat skeletal muscle

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (6) ◽  
pp. R1318-R1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Hamilton ◽  
D. S. Ward ◽  
P. D. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Wide Range

Fluid redistribution in isolated perfused cat calf muscle caused by rapid increases in plasma osmolality was studied using NaCl or sucrose. Extracellular tracers (51Cr-labeled EDTA or [3H]mannitol) were added to the perfusate 90 min before solutes were added, and samples were taken from plasma immediately before osmolality was increased and 17, 40, and 65 min later. Interstitial fluid volume (IFV) was calculated as extracellular volume (ECV) minus plasma volume (Evans blue dye). Total tissue water changes (delta TTW) were measured by continuous recording of tissue weight. Change in intracellular volume (delta ICV) was obtained from delta TTW--delta IFV. TTW, IFV, ICV, and plasma osmolality were in steady state after 17 min. Changes in hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure were insignificant in comparison with small-molecule osmotic pressure changes. The apparent volume of TTW participating in the fluid shift averaged 65 +/- 1 ml/100 g (SE) over a wide range of osmolality increases. In contrast to the large changes in TTW, IFV was not altered by osmolality. Thus decreases in TTW were similar to cell dehydration. Hence, increases in plasma volume induced by hypertonic fluids may come entirely at the expense of cell volume, not interstitial volume.

Effects of dietary deficiencies of energy, protein and calcium on the pregnant ewe

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sykes ◽  
A. C. Field
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Protein Status ◽  
Pregnant Ewe

SummaryScottish Blackface ewes were used to investigate the effect of protein deficiency during pregnancy on serum albumin, globulin, transferrin and plasma urea concentrations. Twenty-eight sheep were offered one of two iso-caloric diets in amounts which maintained energy intake at levels comparable to those found in hill sheep during winter. For half of the sheep (HP group) the crude-protein concentration was 11·8% and for the remainder (LP group) 6·0% in the dry matter. A further six sheep (group CL) were offered a diet containing 16·0% crude protein in amounts which prevented undernutrition. Concurrent changes in plasma volume and in certain serum proteins during pregnancy were determined in a second experiment.Serum globulins were not affected by protein intake and fell from 44·5 to 30·7 mg/ml during pregnancy. This was attributed mainly to a 30% increase in plasma volume which occurred during pregnancy.Serum albumin concentrations at the end of pregnancy were 29·3, 22·0 and 17'7 mg/ml and serum transferrin concentrations 400, 307 and 300 mg/100 ml in the CL, HP and LP groups respectively. Initial mean albumin and transferrin concentrations were 28·0 mg/ml and 383 mg/100 ml respectively. The usefulness of the parameters as indices of the protein status of pregnant ewes was discussed.Plasma urea N concentrations were related to the current protein intake of the animal. Mean values during late pregnancy were 26·0, 7'4 and 4·0 mg urea N/100 ml in the CL, HP, and LP) groups respectively. Limitations as to its usefulness were discussed.

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