scholarly journals INORGANIC CATIONS IN RAT KIDNEY

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 830-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Tandler ◽  
A. L. Kierszenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Inorganic Cations ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Distal Tubules ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Potassium Pyroantimonate

For localization of pyroantimonate-precipitable cations, rat kidney was fixed by perfusion with a saturated aqueous solution of potassium pyroantimonate (pH about 9.2, without addition of any conventional fixative). A remarkably good preservation of the tissue and cell morphology was obtained as well as a consistent and reproducible localization of the insoluble antimonate salts of magnesium, calcium, and sodium. All proximal and distal tubules and glomeruli were delimited by massive electron-opaque precipitates localized in the basement membrane and, to a lesser extent, in adjacent connective tissue. In the intraglomerular capillaries the antimonate precipitate was encountered in the basement membranes and also between the foot processes. In addition to a more or less uniform distribution in the cytoplasm and between the microvilli of the brush border, antimonate precipitates were found in all cell nuclei, mainly between the masses of condensed chromatin. The mitochondria usually contained a few large antimonate deposits which probably correspond to the so-called "dense granules" observed after conventional fixations.

scholarly journals THE DISTRIBUTION OF INORGANIC CATIONS IN MOUSE TESTIS

1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham L. Kierszenbaum ◽  
Cesar M. Libanati ◽  
Carlos J. Tandler
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Double Line ◽  
Inorganic Cations ◽  
Inorganic Cation ◽  
Potassium Pyroantimonate

For localization of pyroantimonate-precipitable cations, mouse testes were fixed with a saturated aqueous solution of potassium pyroantimonate (pH about 9.2, without addition of any conventional fixative), hardened with formaldehyde, and postosmicated. A good preservation of the cell membranes and over-all cell morphology is obtained as well as a consistent and reproducible localization of the insoluble antimonate salts of magnesium, calcium, and sodium. Four sites of prominent antimonate deposits are revealed, besides a more or less uniform distribution of the precipitates. These sites are: (a) In the walls of the seminiferous tubules, localized in two concentric layers corresponding to the inner and outer layers of the tubular wall; (b) Around the blood vessels and adjacent connective tissue; (c) At the area of contact between the Sertoli cell and spermatids, where a double line of precipitate surrounds the head of the mature spermatids; and (d) In the cell nuclei, disposed between regions of the condensed chromatin. The nucleus of mature spermatids did not show any sign of antimonate precipitation. The implications of this inorganic cation distribution are discussed with relation to their anionic counterparts, their localization in other animal and plant tissues, and the possibility that those sites may represent barriers to the free passage of ions.

Atrial natriuretic peptide elevates cGMP contents in glomeruli and in distal tubules of rat kidney

1986 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Takeda ◽  
Eiji Kusano ◽  
Naoki Murayama ◽  
Yasushi Asano ◽  
Saichi Hosoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Distal Tubules ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

scholarly journals Distribution of fibroblast surface antigen in the developing chick embryo.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Linder ◽  
A Vaheri ◽  
E Ruoslahti ◽  
J Wartiovaara
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Loose Connective Tissue ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Liver Sinusoids ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Fibrillar Network

Fibroblast surface (SE) antigen is present in fibrillar surface structures of cultured normal fibroblasts, shed to the extracellular medium, and is also found in circulation (serum and plasma). Malignant fibroblasts (transformed by viruses) do not express SF antigen on the cell surface. In this study the in vivo differentiation and distribution of SF antigen has been investigated in the developing chick embryo using cryostat sections and immunofluorescence. The major findings were: (a) SF antigen was detectable in the loose connective tissue of very early (2-to 3-day old) embryos. (b) Condensation of SF antigen was seen in various boundary membranes such as the glomerular and tubular basement membranes of the kidney, the boundary membranes of the notochord, yolk sac, and vitelline membranes and liver sinusoids. (c) SF antigen was found to be cell-type specific. It was seen as a fibrillar network in the loose connective tissue of different organs but not in the parenchymal cells. It was not found in muscle cells at any stage of development. (d) The antigen was present in the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the kidney; but not found after their development into epithelial cells of the secretory tubules. (e) Both in vivo and in fibroblast cultures SF antigen was distributed as a fibrillar network. These data indicate that SF antigen is a "differentiation antigen" restricted to certain cells of mesenchymal origin and character, and that is accumulates in the connective tissue during embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural localization of type V collagen in rat kidney.

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Martinez-Hernandez ◽  
S Gay ◽  
E J Miller
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type V Collagen ◽  
Collagen Molecules ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Type V

Antibodies specific for the alpha 1 (V) chain and native collagen molecules containing the alpha 1 (V) chain have been used in electron immunohistochemical studies of rat kidney to determine the ultrastructural distribution of this class of collagen molecules. In addition, antibodies against type I collagen and whole basement membrane were used as markers for interstitial collagen and authentic basement membranes. Our results indicate that type V collagen is present in the renal interstitium in different forms: in close apposition to interstitial collagen fibers; in the stromal aspect of vascular basement membranes; and as particulate material not bound to other structures. On the basis of these findings, we postulate a binding or connecting function for this collagen type.

scholarly journals Histomorphological changes in the rat pancreas after methionine administration

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Rat Pancreas ◽  
Histomorphological Changes

The effectiveness of using various methionine preparations for activating pancreatic function is ambiguous; the reasons may include differences in dosage and duration of methionine administration. The question remains, in what extent the methionine application is efficacious for increasing functional activity of a healthy pancreas. The aim of our study was to investigate morphological changes in pancreas after prolonged administration of methionine. The experiments were carried out on 24 males of Wistar rats at the age of 15 months. During 21 days, the experimental animals received methionine at a daily dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight in addition to the standard diet. Histological preparations were made from pancreatic tissue according to standard method. Morphometry was performed using the computer program «Image J». The rats were taken out of the experiment under ether anesthesia. The studies were carried out in accordance with the provisions of the "European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes" (Strasbourg, 1986). Upon completion of the experiment, histomorphological sings of an increase in functional activity were registered in both exocrine (enlarged acini’s areas and their epithelium height, higher nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of exocrinocytes, and higher number of nucleoli in cell nuclei) and endocrine (enlarged sizes of the Langerhans islets and increased number of endocrinocytes in the islets) parts of the rat pancreas. In the experimental rats, the relative area of ​​the connective tissue and the stromal-parenchyma index of the pancreas, as well as the width of the interlobular and interacinus layers of connective tissue decreased. A decrease in the mass of connective tissue in the pancreas can be considered as one of the signs of its function activation, an improvement in metabolism between acini, and an increase in regenerative capabilities. Thus, additional administration of prophylactic doses of methionine to healthy animals results in distinct morphological signs of increased pancreatic activity.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and renin in kidneys of hypertensive or adrenalectomized rats

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hess ◽  
F. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus ◽  
Macula Densa ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Distal Tubules ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Renin Content ◽  
Intact Rats

Using a histochemical method, moderately strong glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity can be demonstrated in the macula densa of the distal tubules in the normal rat kidney. In rats rendered hypertensive by overdosage with cortexone (DOC) and saline, this enzymatic activity was found to decrease almost to zero within 4 weeks. This change was more marked in unilaterally nephrectomized animals than in intact rats. Measured by bioassay, the renin content of kidney extracts from the same animals was found to decrease simultaneously with the loss of enzymatic activity in the macula cells. The reverse effect, a marked increase in activity of the macula densa, was obtained in adrenalectomized animals. It is suggested that both the macula densa cells and the juxtaglomerular apparatus are parts of a system which respond similarly to changes in sodium balance and which may be related to the formation of renin.

Mechanism of acidification along cortical distal tubule of the rat

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. F218-F226 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fernandez ◽  
M. J. Lopes ◽  
R. F. de Lira ◽  
W. F. Dantas ◽  
E. J. Cragoe Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Na Channel ◽  
Bafilomycin A1 ◽  
Bicarbonate Reabsorption ◽  
Distal Tubules

The cellular mechanism of luminal acidification (bicarbonate reabsorption) was studied in cortical distal tubules of rat kidney. The stopped-flow microperfusion technique was applied to early distal (ED) and late distal (LD) segments, perfused with bicarbonate Ringer solution to which specific inhibitors were added, to measure bicarbonate reabsorption [HCO3 flux (JHCO3)]. pH and transepithelial potential difference (Vt) were recorded by double-barreled H+ exchange resin/reference (1 M KCl) electrodes. Amiloride increased stationary pH and reduced Vt in both early and late segments. Hexamethylene-amiloride (HMA), a specific Na(+)-H+ exchange blocker, reduced JHCO3 in both segments (ED by 43.6 and LD by 40.3%) without affecting Vt. Benzamil, an Na(+)-channel blocker, reduced Vt by 75.9 in ED and 74.9% in LD but had no significant effect on acidification in both segments. The specific inhibitor of H(+)-ATPase, bafilomycin A1, inhibited LD JHCO3 at a concentration of 2 x 10(-7) M by 49%, but ED was inhibited by 24% only at 2 x 10(-6) M. Sch-28080, an inhibitor of gastric H(+)-K(+)-ATPase, reduced JHCO3 by 35% in LD of K(+)-depleted rats but not in control rats and had no effect on ED. These data indicate that, in ED, bicarbonate reabsorption is mediated mostly by Na(+)-H+ exchange. In LD, there is evidence for contribution of Na(+)-H+ exchange, vacuolar H(+)-ATPase, and H(+)-K(+)-ATPase (in K(+)-depleted rats) to bicarbonate reabsorption.

scholarly journals Anionic charge concentration of rat kidney glomeruli and glomerular basement membrane

1993 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
W D Comper ◽  
A S N Lee ◽  
M Tay ◽  
Y Adal
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Anionic Charge ◽  
Charge Concentration ◽  
A Charge

Estimates of levels of glomerular and glomerular-basement-membrane anion charge should serve as useful quantitative markers for the integrity of the tissues in health and disease. We have developed a simple, rapid, technique to measure this charge through the use of ion exchange with radioisotopes 22Na+ and 36Cl- at low ionic strengths in phosphate buffer. When this technique is used, normal glomeruli isolated from rat have a measured net anion charge concentration of 17.4 +/- 3.7 p-equiv. per glomerulus (n = 20). Perfused rat kidneys that lose approximately half of their glomerular heparan [35S]sulphate content (owing to oxygen-radical damage) exhibited a lower anion charge, of 7.5 +/- 1.6 p-equiv. per glomerulus (n = 5). Glomerular basement membranes prepared from rat glomeruli by a sonication-centrifugation procedure in the presence of enzyme inhibitors had a charge concentration of 6.3 +/- 0.7 mu-equiv./g wet wt. of tissue (n = 4), whereas membranes prepared by sonication, centrifugation, DNAse and detergent treatment had a charge concentration of 7.1 +/- 1.6 mu-equiv./g wet wt. (n = 4). Isotope-dilution experiments with 3H2O on these detergent-prepared glomerular basement membranes demonstrated that they had a water content of approx. 93%, which would then give a net anion charge concentration of 7.6 +/- 1.7 m-equiv./l (n = 4). These values are in good agreement with those obtained by others using titration techniques [Bray and Robinson (1984) Kidney Int. 25, 527-533]. The relatively low magnitude of glomerular anion charge in normal kidneys is consistent with other recent findings that glomerular anion charge is too low to affect the glomerular transport of charged molecules in a direct, passive, biophysical manner through electrostatic interactions.

scholarly journals Basement membrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans: localization in adult rat tissues.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1479-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
K J McCarthy ◽  
J R Couchman
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Unique Distribution ◽  
Reichert's Membrane

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans have been described as the major proteoglycan component of basement membranes. However, previous investigators have also provided evidence for the presence of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan in these structures. Recently we described the production and characterization of core protein-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) present in Reichert's membrane, a transient extra-embryonic structure of rodents. This CSPG was also demonstrated to be present in adult rat kidney. We report here the tissue distribution of epitopes recognized by these MAb. The ubiquitous presence of these epitopes in the basement membranes of nearly all adult rat tissues demonstrates that at least one CSPG is a constituent of most basement membranes, and by virtue of its unique distribution is distinct from other chondroitin and dermatan sulfate proteoglycans previously described.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin in limb tissues of the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 937-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
L A Repesh ◽  
L T Furcht ◽  
D Smith
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Tissue Scaffold ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Adult Newt ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions

This study describes the immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin, a defined connective tissue and plasma glycoprotein, and its relationship to collagen and reticulin in adult newt limb tissues. We have also isolated the plasma form of fibronectin in a related species, the adult mudpuppy. The insoluble form of fibronectin was detected with immunoperoxidase stain in basement membranes and loose connective tissue. The endoneurium and perineurium of nerve bundles and the connective tissue elements of striated muscle stained heavily for fibronectin. The dermis and blood vessel walls also reached positively with the immunoperoxidase stain. A similar distribution was observed for reticulin with conventional histologic techniques with the exception of the dermis where only trace amounts of the protein were observed. Fibronectin and collagen were codistributed in the tissues studies. Fibronectin appeared to be intercalated among larger collagenous fibers. Collagen and fibronectin form an extracellular connective tissue scaffold that abuts against many types of adherent cells in different tissues. This supports the possible role of fibronectin in cell-matrix interactions and normal cell and tissue organization.

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