scholarly journals Biogenesis of the multifunctional lipid droplet: Lipids, proteins, and sites

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Pol ◽  
Steven P. Gross ◽  
Robert G. Parton
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Membrane Synthesis ◽  
Specific Lipid

Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous dynamic organelles that store and supply lipids in all eukaryotic and some prokaryotic cells for energy metabolism, membrane synthesis, and production of essential lipid-derived molecules. Interest in the organelle’s cell biology has exponentially increased over the last decade due to the link between LDs and prevalent human diseases and the discovery of new and unexpected functions of LDs. As a result, there has been significant recent progress toward understanding where and how LDs are formed, and the specific lipid pathways that coordinate LD biogenesis.

scholarly journals HCV Pit Stop at the Lipid Droplet: Refuel Lipids and Put on a Lipoprotein Coat before Exit

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Vieyres ◽  
Thomas Pietschmann
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Droplet Surface ◽  
Replication Cycle ◽  
Virion Assembly ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Virus Replication Cycle

The replication cycle of the liver-tropic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is tightly connected to the host lipid metabolism, during the virus entry, replication, assembly and egress stages, but also while the virus circulates in the bloodstream. This interplay coins viral particle properties, governs viral cell tropism, and facilitates immune evasion. This review summarizes our knowledge of these interactions focusing on the late steps of the virus replication cycle. It builds on our understanding of the cell biology of lipid droplets and the biosynthesis of liver lipoproteins and attempts to explain how HCV hijacks these organelles and pathways to assemble its lipo-viro-particles. In particular, this review describes (i) the mechanisms of viral protein translocation to and from the lipid droplet surface and the orchestration of an interface between replication and assembly complexes, (ii) the importance of the triglyceride mobilization from the lipid droplets for HCV assembly, (iii) the interplay between HCV and the lipoprotein synthesis pathway including the role played by apolipoproteins in virion assembly, and finally (iv) the consequences of these complex virus–host interactions on the virion composition and its biophysical properties. The wealth of data accumulated in the past years on the role of the lipid metabolism in HCV assembly and its imprint on the virion properties will guide vaccine design efforts and reinforce our understanding of the hepatic lipid metabolism in health and disease.

scholarly journals Two-photon AIE bio-probe with large Stokes shift for specific imaging of lipid droplets

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 5440-5446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meijuan Jiang ◽  
Xinggui Gu ◽  
Jacky W. Y. Lam ◽  
Yilin Zhang ◽  
Ryan T. K. Kwok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Stokes Shift ◽  
Large Stokes Shift ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Specific Lipid ◽  
Two Photon Excitation ◽  
In Cells

A novel AIEgen with prominent two-photon excitation was rationally developed for specific lipid-droplet imaging in cells and tissues.

scholarly journals A near-infrared AIEgen for specific imaging of lipid droplets

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (35) ◽  
pp. 5957-5960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Kang ◽  
Xinggui Gu ◽  
Ryan T. K. Kwok ◽  
Chris W. T. Leung ◽  
Jacky W. Y. Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Specific Lipid

A new near-infrared AIE luminogen is developed for specific lipid droplet imaging with high brightness, good biocompatibility and superior photostability.

Facile construction of boranil complexes with aggregation-induced emission characteristics and their specific lipid droplet imaging applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (58) ◽  
pp. 8494-8497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhao ◽  
Chengcheng Ma ◽  
Weiyao Yang ◽  
Wei Yin ◽  
Jiahui Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission ◽  
Specific Lipid

A series of boranil complexes with aggregation-induced emission effects were facilely constructed, which can be utilized to image lipid droplets in living cells and yolk lipids in zebrafish.

scholarly journals Indolylbenzothiadiazoles as highly tunable fluorophores for imaging lipid droplet accumulation in astrocytes and glioblastoma cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (39) ◽  
pp. 23960-23967
Author(s):  
Kilian Colas ◽  
Karl O. Holmberg ◽  
Linus Chiang ◽  
Susanne Doloczki ◽  
Fredrik J. Swartling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells ◽  
Photophysical Study

We present an extensive photophysical study of a series of fluorescent indolylbenzothiadiazole derivatives and their ability to specifically image lipid droplets in astrocytes and glioblastoma cells.

Identification of Perilipin-2 as a lipid droplet protein regulated in oocytes during maturation

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Yang ◽  
Kylie R. Dunning ◽  
Linda L.-Y. Wu ◽  
Theresa E. Hickey ◽  
Robert J. Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Perilipin 2 ◽  
Lipid Droplet Protein

Lipid droplet proteins regulate the storage and utilisation of intracellular lipids. Evidence is emerging that oocyte lipid utilisation impacts embryo development, but lipid droplet proteins have not been studied in oocytes. The aim of the present study was to characterise the size and localisation of lipid droplets in mouse oocytes during the periovulatory period and to identify lipid droplet proteins as potential biomarkers of oocyte lipid content. Oocyte lipid droplets, visualised using a novel method of staining cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) with BODIPY 493/503, were small and diffuse in oocytes of preovulatory COCs, but larger and more centrally located after maturation in response to ovulatory human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in vivo, or FSH + epidermal growth factor in vitro. Lipid droplet proteins Perilipin, Perilipin-2, cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor 45-like effector (CIDE)-A and CIDE-B were detected in the mouse ovary by immunohistochemistry, but only Perilipin-2 was associated with lipid droplets in the oocyte. In COCs, Perilipin-2 mRNA and protein increased in response to ovulatory hCG. IVM failed to induce Perilipin-2 mRNA, yet oocyte lipid content was increased in this context, indicating that Perilipin-2 is not necessarily reflective of relative oocyte lipid content. Thus, Perilipin-2 is a lipid droplet protein in oocytes and its induction in the COC concurrent with dynamic reorganisation of lipid droplets suggests marked changes in lipid utilisation during oocyte maturation.

scholarly journals HSD17B13: A Potential Therapeutic Target for NAFLD

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-bo Zhang ◽  
Wen Su ◽  
Hu Xu ◽  
Xiao-yan Zhang ◽  
You-fei Guan
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Associated Proteins

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially in its inflammatory form (steatohepatitis, NASH), is closely related to the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. Despite substantial advances in the management of NAFLD/NASH in recent years, there are currently no efficacious therapies for its treatment. The biogenesis and expansion of lipid droplets (LDs) are critical pathophysiological processes in the development of NAFLD/NASH. In the past decade, increasing evidence has demonstrated that lipid droplet-associated proteins may represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH given the critical role they play in regulating the biogenesis and metabolism of lipid droplets. Recently, HSD17B13, a newly identified liver-enriched, hepatocyte-specific, lipid droplet-associated protein, has been reported to be strongly associated with the development and progression of NAFLD/NASH in both mice and humans. Notably, human genetic studies have repeatedly reported a robust association of HSD17B13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the occurrence and severity of NAFLD/NASH and other chronic liver diseases (CLDs). Here we briefly overview the discovery, tissue distribution, and subcellular localization of HSD17B13 and highlight its important role in promoting the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH in both experimental animal models and patients. We also discuss the potential of HSD17B13 as a promising target for the development of novel therapeutic agents for NAFLD/NASH.

773 HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND LIPID DROPLETS: ROLE OF SEIPIN IN LIPID DROPLET MATURATION AND VIRAL LIFE CYCLE

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. S311 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Clement ◽  
C. Fauvelle ◽  
S. Pascarella ◽  
S. Conzelmann ◽  
V. Kaddai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Viral Life Cycle
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