scholarly journals Epigenetics, Wnt signaling, and stem cells: the Pygo2 connection

2009 ◽  
Vol 185 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Horsley
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Control Gene ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Control Gene Expression

Stem cells use both transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms to control gene expression and regulate tissue development and homeostasis. In this issue, Gu et al. (Gu, B., P. Sun, Y. Yuan, R.C. Moraes, A. Li, A. Teng, A. Agrawal, C. Rhéaume, V. Bilanchone, J.M. Veltmaat, et al. 2009. J. Cell Biol. 185:811–826) reveal an important link between these two mechanisms in mammary epithelial stem cells by showing that transcriptional activation of β-catenin downstream of Wnt signaling can be regulated epigenetically through a chromatin remodeling factor, Pygo2.

scholarly journals Hairless is a nuclear receptor corepressor essential for skin function

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. nrs.07010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Skin Function

The activity of nuclear receptors is modulated by numerous coregulatory factors. Corepressors can either mediate the ability of nuclear receptors to repress transcription, or can inhibit transactivation by nuclear receptors. As we learn more about the mechanisms of transcriptional repression, the importance of repression by nuclear receptors in development and disease has become clear. The protein encoded by the mammalian Hairless (Hr) gene was shown to be a corepressor by virtue of its functional similarity to the well-established corepressors N-CoR and SMRT. Mutation of the Hr gene results in congenital hair loss in both mice and men. Investigation of Hairless function both in vitro and in mouse models in vivo has revealed a critical role in maintaining skin and hair by regulating the differentiation of epithelial stem cells, as well as a putative role in regulating gene expression via chromatin remodeling.

scholarly journals Src acts with WNT/FGFRL signaling to pattern the planarian anteroposterior axis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolle A. Bonar ◽  
David I. Gittin ◽  
Christian P. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Control Gene ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Control Gene Expression ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Positional System ◽  
Canonical Wnt ◽  
Positional Control

Tissue identity determination is critical for regeneration, and the planarian anteroposterior (AP) axis uses positional control genes expressed from bodywall muscle to determine body regionalization. Canonical Wnt signaling establishes anterior versus posterior pole identities through notum and wnt1 signaling, and two Wnt/FGFRL signaling pathways control head and trunk domains, but their downstream signaling mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we identify a planarian Src homolog that restricts head and trunk identities to anterior positions. src-1(RNAi) animals formed enlarged brains and ectopic eyes and also duplicated trunk tissue, similar to a combination of Wnt/FGFRL RNAi phenotypes. src-1 was required for establishing territories of positional control gene expression, indicating it acts at an upstream step in patterning the AP axis. Double RNAi experiments and eye regeneration assays suggest src-1 can act in parallel to at least some Wnt and FGFRL factors. Co-inhibition of src-1 with other posterior-promoting factors led to dramatic patterning changes and a reprogramming of Wnt/FGFRLs into controlling new positional outputs. These results identify src-1 as a factor that promotes robustness of the AP positional system that instructs appropriate regeneration.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulation of the Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell Markers, Nanog and Oct4, Induced by a Thermodynamic-Based Therapy Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakieh Ghorbani ◽  
Mansour Heidari ◽  
Mojtaba Jafarinia ◽  
Mahdi Rohani ◽  
Abolfazl Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Control Gene ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Control Gene Expression

Abstract Background: Cancer stem cells (CSC) play a crucial role in tumorigenesis, recurrence, metastasis, and chemoresistanc. Some studies suggest that hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be effective for cancer treatment, particularly when combined with other therapeutic approaches. However, the results are conflicting. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of hyperthermia combined with PDT on colorectal CSC viability and the gene expression of the CSC markers.Results: Cell viability decrased by PDT (P=0.015) and the combination therapy (P=0.006) but not hyperthermia alone (P=0.4) compared to control. Gene expression of CSC markers significantly decreased in all therapies. Conclusion: Hyperthermia combined with PDT was more efficient in eliminating tumors than hyperthermia or PDT alone.

scholarly journals Discovery of gene regulatory elements through a new bioinformatics analysis of haploid genetic screens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaven B. Patel ◽  
Andres M. Lebensohn ◽  
Jan E. Carette ◽  
Julia Salzman ◽  
Rajat Rohatgi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Gene Trap ◽  
Genetic Screens ◽  
Control Gene ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Control Gene Expression

AbstractThe systematic identification of regulatory elements that control gene expression remains a challenge. Genetic screens that use untargeted mutagenesis have the potential to identify protein-coding genes, non-coding RNAs and regulatory elements, but their analysis has mainly focused on identifying the former two. To identify regulatory elements, we conducted a new bioinformatics analysis of insertional mutagenesis screens interrogating WNT signaling in haploid human cells. We searched for specific patterns of retroviral gene trap integrations (used as mutagens in haploid screens) in short genomic intervals overlapping with introns and regions upstream of genes. We uncovered atypical patterns of gene trap insertions that were not predicted to disrupt coding sequences, but caused changes in the expression of two key regulators of WNT signaling, suggesting the presence of cis-regulatory elements. Our methodology extends the scope of haploid genetic screens by enabling the identification of regulatory elements that control gene expression.

LEC1 (NF-YB9) directly interacts with LEC2 to control gene expression in seed

2018 ◽  
Vol 1861 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Boulard ◽  
J. Thévenin ◽  
O. Tranquet ◽  
V. Laporte ◽  
L. Lepiniec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Control Gene ◽  
Control Gene Expression

scholarly journals Nonhistone Proteins Control Gene Expression in Reconstituted Chromatin

1974 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 5057-5061 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Barrett ◽  
D. Maryanka ◽  
P. H. Hamlyn ◽  
H. J. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Control Gene ◽  
Nonhistone Proteins ◽  
Control Gene Expression

scholarly journals A Quantitative Optogenetic Tool to Control Gene Expression during Embryonic Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 354a
Author(s):  
Anand P. Singh ◽  
Ping Wu ◽  
Eric F. Wieschaus ◽  
Jared E. Toettcher ◽  
Thomas Gregor
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Control Gene ◽  
Control Gene Expression
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