Living Cells: Surface Modification

2015 ◽  
pp. 4378-4387
Author(s):  
Yuji Teramura ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Naohiro Takemoto ◽  
Kengo Sakurai ◽  
Hiroo Iwata
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Living Cells

Interfacing biomembrane mimetic polymer surfaces with living cells – Surface modification for reliable bioartificial liver

2008 ◽  
Vol 255 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Iwasaki ◽  
Utae Takami ◽  
Shin-ichi Sawada ◽  
Kazunari Akiyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Bioartificial Liver ◽  
Polymer Surfaces

The Biological Membrane

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 53-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Alper
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Selective Transport ◽  
Surrounding Environment

All living cells, and many of the structures within these cells (mitochondria, nuclei, chloroplasts) are surrounded by biological membranes which serve to separate the cell contents from the surrounding environment. The biological membrane is an extraordinary material. It controls the highly selective transport of molecules into and out of the cell. It senses the environment outside the cell and transmits information about it to the intracellular machinery. It reports information about the cell to the outside world—its identity and its state of function. It transports electrons, converts sunlight to chemical and electrical energy, pumps small molecules against a concentration gradient, and uses that gradient as a source of energy. The membrane is a generally robust structure, and one that can be modified in a controlled manner, making it adaptable for use in nonbiological applications. It has served as a model for sensors and detectors, for surface modification agents, for drug delivery systems, and for information storage and delivery, as well as other optoelectronic functions.

Surface Modification of Si3N4-Coated Silicon Plate for Investigation of Living Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (Part 1, No. 11) ◽  
pp. 6441-6442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Hirata ◽  
Hiroo Iwata ◽  
Abu Bakar Md. Ismail ◽  
Hiroshi Iwasaki ◽  
Tetsuo Yukimasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Silicon Plate

Fluorescence ratio imaging of dynamic intracellular ionic signals

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
R. Y. Tsien ◽  
A. Minta ◽  
M. Poenie ◽  
J.P.Y. Kao ◽  
A. Harootunian
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Ph Indicators ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Fluorescence Ratio Imaging ◽  
Ratio Imaging ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Indicator Dyes ◽  
Fluorescein Dyes

Recent technical advances now enable the continuous imaging of important ionic signals inside individual living cells with micron spatial resolution and subsecond time resolution. This methodology relies on the molecular engineering of indicator dyes whose fluorescence is strong and highly sensitive to ions such as Ca2+, H+, or Na+, or Mg2+. The Ca2+ indicators, exemplified by fura-2 and indo-1, derive their high affinity (Kd near 200 nM) and selectivity for Ca2+ to a versatile tetracarboxylate binding site3 modeled on and isosteric with the well known chelator EGTA. The most commonly used pH indicators are fluorescein dyes (such as BCECF) modified to adjust their pKa's and improve their retention inside cells. Na+ indicators are crown ethers with cavity sizes chosen to select Na+ over K+: Mg2+ indicators use tricarboxylate binding sites truncated from those of the Ca2+ chelators, resulting in a more compact arrangement of carboxylates to suit the smaller ion.

Application of FRAP and digitized fluorescence microscopy to problems in cell membrane dynamics

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
K. Jacobson ◽  
A. Ishihara ◽  
B. Holifield ◽  
F. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Membrane Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Cell Biology ◽  
Image Averaging ◽  
Single Living Cells ◽  
Single Living

Our laboratory is concerned with understanding the dynamic structure of the plasma membrane with particular reference to the movement of membrane constituents during cell locomotion. In addition to the standard tools of molecular cell biology, we employ both fluorescence recovery after photo- bleaching (FRAP) and digitized fluorescence microscopy (DFM) to investigate individual cells. FRAP allows the measurement of translational mobility of membrane and cytoplasmic molecules in small regions of single, living cells. DFM is really a new form of light microscopy in that the distribution of individual classes of ions, molecules, and macromolecules can be followed in single, living cells. By employing fluorescent antibodies to defined antigens or fluorescent analogs of cellular constituents as well as ultrasensitive, electronic image detectors and video image averaging to improve signal to noise, fluorescent images of living cells can be acquired over an extended period without significant fading and loss of cell viability.

Multimode light microscopy and fluorescence-based reagents as tools for the study of chemical and molecular dynamics of living cells and tissues

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
D. L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Living Cells ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Macromolecular Assemblies ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Structural Methods

Cells function through the complex temporal and spatial interplay of ions, metabolites, macromolecules and macromolecular assemblies. Biochemical approaches allow the investigator to define the components and the solution chemical reactions that might be involved in cellular functions. Static structural methods can yield information concerning the 2- and 3-D organization of known and unknown cellular constituents. Genetic and molecular techniques are powerful approaches that can alter specific functions through the manipulation of gene products and thus identify necessary components and sequences of molecular events. However, full knowledge of the mechanism of particular cell functions will require direct measurement of the interplay of cellular constituents. Therefore, there has been a need to develop methods that can yield chemical and molecular information in time and space in living cells, while allowing the integration of information from biochemical, molecular and genetic approaches at the cellular level.

4-dimensional, high-resolution imaging of living cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Shinya Inoué
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscope ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Active Living ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Architecture ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Disk Memory

This paper reports progress of our effort to rapidly capture, and display in time-lapsed mode, the 3-dimensional dynamic architecture of active living cells and developing embryos at the highest resolution of the light microscope. Our approach entails: (A) real-time video tape recording of through-focal, ultrathin optical sections of live cells at the highest resolution of the light microscope; (B) repeat of A at time-lapsed intervals; (C) once each time-lapsed interval, an image at home focus is recorded onto Optical Disk Memory Recorder (OMDR); (D) periods of interest are selected using the OMDR and video tape records; (E) selected stacks of optical sections are converted into plane projections representing different view angles (±4 degrees for stereo view, additional angles when revolving stereos are desired); (F) analysis using A - D.

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