Impacts of stricter legal standards in the EU for keeping laying hens in battery cages

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wolffram ◽  
J. Simons ◽  
A. Giebel ◽  
R. Bongaerts
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Battery Cages ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Keel bone damage in laying hens reared in different production systems in Serbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Djukic-Stojcic ◽  
Lidija Peric ◽  
Renata Relic ◽  
Ivana Bozickovic ◽  
Vesna Rodic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Battery Cages ◽  
The Eu

The European Union in 2012 banned conventional battery cages for the welfare reasons. However, transition to new housing systems uncovered some new problems, such as keel bone damage (KBD), which also could endanger welfare of laying hens. Although KBD is a research topic which attracts a growing attention in the EU, in Serbia it is still rather unknown phenomenon, even among the scientific and professional community. This research is the first attempt to determine the prevalence of KBD in laying hens in housing systems currently existing in Serbia. The results of conducted monitoring show presence of KBD on all observed farms, except the organic one. The occurrence of KBD was at an acceptable level (from the standpoint of hen welfare) in the free-range system, enriched cages without equipment and conventional battery cages (4%, 3% and 1%, respectively), while in the fully equipped enriched cages it was high (39%). One could assume that this high prevalence of KBD in this system is a consequence of a long roosting on a metal perches.

scholarly journals Exploitative Abuse of a Dominant Position in the Bulgarian Energy Markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 33-55
Author(s):  
Miroslava Marinova ◽  
Kremena Yaneva-Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Markets ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Competition Authority ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Contractual Relationships ◽  
The Eu

In the last few years the behavior of undertakings operating in the regulated utility markets, such as energy, water and communications, has been in the focus of the Bulgarian Competition Authority (hereinafter, BCA). Typically, these companies are dominant due to their exclusive licenses to operate in a certain territory and thus the contents of their contractual relationships with customers are often defined in general terms and conditions (hereinafter, GTCs) adopted or approved by the respective sector regulator. Most or all aspects of their pricing policy is also subject to sector regulation. By analysing critically two landmark decisions of the BCA concerning abuses of companies active in the energy markets, this paper raises the following questions: (1) to what extent the BCA is competent to intervene and sanction those undertakings for conduct which is subject of regulatory control by the sector regulator (the Energy and Water Regulation Commission (hereinafter, EWRC)) and (2) whether in its enforcement practice against those undertakings, the BCA is following the legal standards adopted by the EU courts.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS OF LAYING HENS KEPT IN BATTERY CAGES AND ON FLOOR PENS SYSTEM

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-782
Author(s):  
ALAA K. ALM EL DEIN ◽  
ABDEL RAFEE A. EL-SHAFEI ◽  
YASER A. ABD EL AZIZ ◽  
MOHAMED A. AL-GAMAL
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Battery Cages

scholarly journals The effects of space allowance on egg yield, egg quality and plumage condition of laying hens in battery cages

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sarica ◽  
S. Boga ◽  
U.S. Yamak
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Battery Cages ◽  
And Performance

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cage stocking density on egg yield, some egg quality traits and plumage condition in laying hens. Eighteen weeks-old 264 ISA-Brown pullets were divided into four cage density groups. The densities were 2 000, 1 000, 667 and 500 cm<sup>2</sup> per hen (by allocating 1, 2, 3 and 4 hens per cage; floor area 40 × 50 cm) with 48, 30, 24 and 21 replicate cages, totally 123 three-tier battery cages. During the experimental period from 18 to 53 weeks of age, all birds were provided illumination for 16 hours a day. The hens were fed a diet containing 11.7 MJ ME/kg and 180 g CP during the period of 18 to 40 weeks of age and 11.3 MJ ME/kg and 170 g CP during the period of 41 to 54 weeks of age. Feed and water were available for <I>ad libitum</I>. Egg yield, mortality, live weights at 50% egg production age and at the end of experiment, pecking related mortalities, some egg quality traits and plumage condition were recorded weekly. Hen-housed egg production, egg mass, viability, and live weights were significantly decreased by higher densities. Most of the egg quality traits were not affected by cage densities. Pecking related mortalities increased in cage densities of 667 cm<sup>2</sup> and 500 cm<sup>2</sup> per hen compared to the other densities (<I>P</I> < 0.05) while plumage scores were higher in all body parts of hens kept in cages of 2 000 cm<sup>2</sup> and 1 000 cm<sup>2</sup> densities compared to the higher densities. The results showed that brown laying hens should be kept in cages having 1 000–2 000 cm<sup>2</sup> densities in order to improve their welfare and performance.

Welfare aspects of the perchery systea of housing for laying hens

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 68-68
Author(s):  
D M Alvey ◽  
S A Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Feather Pecking ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Current Alternative ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Battery Cages

There is continuing public concern about the welfare of poultry kept in battery cages. However, current alternative systems would be unsuitable to fill the gap if cages were to be banned. Many welfare problems have been encountered with alternative systems. These include feather pecking, cannibalism, poor foot condition, bone breakage, poor production, high feed intake and floor egg laying. In 4 studies, between 1988 and 1992, the effect of the Gleadthorpe design of perchery on the performance, behaviour and welfare of laying hens was evaluated.The perchery consisted of 2 perch units constructed on wooden slatted platforms over a droppings pit. A block of 5 tier high nestboxes was provided along each side of the perchery. The nestboxes were of a rear roll-away type and contained “Astroturf” nest pads. Litter areas were available between the 2 perch units and between the perch units and the blocks of nest boxes.

Behavioral changes in laying hens after introduction to battery cages, furnished cages and an aviary

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi SHINMURA ◽  
Yusuke EGUCHI ◽  
Katsuji UETAKE ◽  
Toshio TANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Battery Cages

scholarly journals Security of personal data: legal standards of the European Union and modern applied problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
V. BRYZHKO ◽  
V. PYLYPCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Eu

The article is a continuation of a number of scientific works on the state, trends and further ensuring security of personal data in the context of digital transformation and related problems of legal regulation of new social relations in this area. The key aspects of the EU documents approved in recent years, in particular, the GDPR Regulation, the NIS Directive and the draft legal act on e-Privacy, are considered and evaluated. The main criteria and topical issues that need to be addressed in the context of the implementation of EU law and the development of national legislation on personal data protection are highlighted.

scholarly journals A machine vision system to detect and count laying hens in battery cages

animal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2628-2634
Author(s):  
O. Geffen ◽  
Y. Yitzhaky ◽  
N. Barchilon ◽  
S. Druyan ◽  
I. Halachmi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Machine Vision System ◽  
Battery Cages

EUROPEAN UNION FINANCIAL POLICY IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY. EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
Vitalii F. Ershov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
European Values ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The paper deals with the formation of a modern style of financial relations between the European Union and post-Soviet states. The author explores the objectives and features of the implementation of two main components of the European financial policy in the post-Soviet space: investment in the development and commercial activities of private capital. The EU financial policy in the post-Soviet states advances in the context of pan-European humanitarian, geopolitical and energy concepts established at the beginning of the 21st century. Despite certain differences that exist in the approaches of the European Union to dialogue with groups of countries within the frameworks of the Eastern Partnership and the EU Strategy for Central Asia, a common line is seen here on investments in promoting the education, European values, legal standards of banking. At the same time, in relations between Europe and the post-Soviet countries there is a tendency towards the adoption of the principles of financial pragmatism and a desire for long-term investment ties. The expanding role of the European banks and investment companies in economic life in the post-Soviet space is in direct connection with the realization of the modernization potential in post-Soviet states.

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