scholarly journals Keel bone damage in laying hens reared in different production systems in Serbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Djukic-Stojcic ◽  
Lidija Peric ◽  
Renata Relic ◽  
Ivana Bozickovic ◽  
Vesna Rodic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Battery Cages ◽  
The Eu

The European Union in 2012 banned conventional battery cages for the welfare reasons. However, transition to new housing systems uncovered some new problems, such as keel bone damage (KBD), which also could endanger welfare of laying hens. Although KBD is a research topic which attracts a growing attention in the EU, in Serbia it is still rather unknown phenomenon, even among the scientific and professional community. This research is the first attempt to determine the prevalence of KBD in laying hens in housing systems currently existing in Serbia. The results of conducted monitoring show presence of KBD on all observed farms, except the organic one. The occurrence of KBD was at an acceptable level (from the standpoint of hen welfare) in the free-range system, enriched cages without equipment and conventional battery cages (4%, 3% and 1%, respectively), while in the fully equipped enriched cages it was high (39%). One could assume that this high prevalence of KBD in this system is a consequence of a long roosting on a metal perches.

scholarly journals Welfare parameters and keel bone damage in laying hens reared in different production systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Sava Spiridonovic ◽  
Mirjana Djukic-Stojcic ◽  
Lidija Peric ◽  
Marko Pajic ◽  
Slobodan Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of housing system and the age of hens on welfare parameters and the prevalence of keel bone damage in laying hens. In this study two housing systems were evaluated: aviary system and enriched cages. From each system and age, we used 50 randomly selected hens from different cages and tiers. The results showed significant differences between systems in the type of keel bone damage. There was no significant difference in keel deviation between systems, but the higher prevalence of keel fractures was found in aviary system. In addition, significant effect of the age of hens was found on the occurrence of keel fractures. Footpad dermatitis had statistically higher occurrence in enriched cages at 62 weeks of age. Hens from aviary system had significantly better plumage score compared to hens from enriched cages but only at 42 weeks of age.

scholarly journals DAMAGES OF THE KEEL BONE IN LAYING HENS – OVERVIEW OF THE ETIOLOGICAL ASPECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
K. Uzunova ◽  
L. Lazarov
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Characteristic Behaviour ◽  
Unbalanced Diet ◽  
The Individual

The damages of the locomotor system and the skeletal system, in particular, are one of the major problems in the industrial poultry farming. The topic for the pathological changes in the keel bone in oviparous birds has become especially popular among scientists and researchers in recent years. The high incidence of keel bone damage (KBD) of laying hens in industrial complexes is one of the biggest welfare problems facing the industry. They lead to disturbance of the animal welfare, causing pain, limiting the ability to move and to perform the characteristic behaviour of the species. This in turn causes a decrease in productivity and unacceptably large losses not only for the individual producer but also for the whole sector. The problem with the KBD is widespread in Switzerland, Great Britain, the Nederland, Belgium, Germany, and Canada. Different genetic lines of laying hens are affected, as well as all types of breeding systems. In general, the etiological factors are reduced to three main groups – genetic predisposition, unbalanced diet and imperfections in housing systems. The causes and influencing factors of KBD remain unknown to the research community - a circumstance that seriously complicates the development of effective strategies to reduce their occurrence and severity.

scholarly journals German institutional hegemony in EU sustainability policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
Márton Baranyi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Power ◽  
Ranking Model ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
Energy And Climate Policy ◽  
The Eu

German hegemony is a research topic subject to significant academic attention, especially within the studies linked to European integration. The existence of German hegemony within the EU is disputed, but several studies and models demonstrate that German hegemony within the European Union is significant but at the same time not desired (therefore the designation of Germany as a reluctant or benevolent hegemon). Is this true for the EU policies linked to sustainability as well, i.e. can institutional German hegemony be identified in the related policy fields? The study aims at assessing German institutional power linked to sustainability in the European Union (narrowing down policies linked to sustainability to EU energy and climate policy). It concludes that, based on a novel power ranking model assessing Member States’ influence in the various EU institutions, German institutional power is not significant in the fields of EU energy and climate policy.

scholarly journals Radiographic examination of keel bone damage in living laying hens of different strains kept in two housing systems

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e0194974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beryl Katharina Eusemann ◽  
Ulrich Baulain ◽  
Lars Schrader ◽  
Christa Thöne-Reineke ◽  
Antonia Patt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
Different Strains

scholarly journals The Effect of the Type of Non-Caged Housing System, Genotype and Age on the Behaviour of Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2450
Author(s):  
Zofia Sokołowicz ◽  
Magdalena Dykiel ◽  
Jadwiga Topczewska ◽  
Józefa Krawczyk ◽  
Anna Augustyńska-Prejsnar
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Native Breed

This study investigated the welfare of laying hens in different non-caged housing systems, namely a deep-litter barn system (BS), a free-range system (FRS) and an organic system (OS). The study was conducted on 270 hens of a native breed Green-legged Partridge (Z-11) and 270 Hy-Line Brown hybrids. Visual scans were performed to record behaviour of hens. Hens were housed in groups of 30 and observed over the course of one day at 20, 36 and 56 weeks of age. Dustbathing, scratching, wing stretching, wing flapping and preening were recorded as comfort behaviours. Pecking, fighting, threatening and chasing were recorded as agonistic behaviours. The percentage of run use was higher in native hens than in commercial hens (p < 0.05). The proportion of hens exhibiting comfort behaviours housed in the FRS and OS was similar but over twice as high as in the BS (p < 0.05). In the FRS and OS, the percentage of hens displaying comfort behaviours increased with age (p < 0.05). In all the production systems, the percentage of birds displaying comfort behaviours was higher in native breed hens than in commercial breeds (p < 0.05). In the BS, the higher proportion of hens displaying an agonistic behaviour was seen more in commercial breed than in the native breed hens (p < 0.05). The percentage of birds displaying an agonistic behaviour declined with hen age, both in commercial and native breed hens.

Impacts of stricter legal standards in the EU for keeping laying hens in battery cages

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wolffram ◽  
J. Simons ◽  
A. Giebel ◽  
R. Bongaerts
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Battery Cages ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals The Concepts of Trademark Exhaustion and Parallel Imports: A Comparative Analysis between the EU and the USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Dobrin ◽  
Archil Chochia
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Parallel Imports ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The article intends to analyze the closely correlated concepts of trademark exhaustion and parallel imports. The growing importance of these concepts in the current world, especially in the European Union, makes it an interesting research topic, even though the concepts are complicated due to their nature and different actors involved. The authors use comparative approach, concentrating on two world leaders in the field, in order to discover what is the approach of the EU as well as the approach of the USA to the concepts of trademark exhaustion and parallel imports, what are the benefits and weaknesses of these approaches, and analyze why these markets have arrived at certain conclusions.

scholarly journals Leguminous Forage Crops in Sustainable Cattle Husbandry

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex DE VLIEGHER DE VLIEGHER ◽  
Ioan ROTAR ◽  
Roxana VIDICAN VIDICAN ◽  
Lucien CARLIER
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Live Stock ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Cattle Husbandry ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
The Eu

Within Europe, half the annual requirement for feed is provided by grass. However, although the EU is a net exporter of feed grain it is a substantial importer of protein and non grain feed ingredients. For several economical and ecological reasons there is a renewed interest to grow forage legumes and the European Union strengthen the role of protein-rich crops, by providing a supplementary payment for farmers producing these crops. In order to develop sustainable, legumebased live stock production systems, we need to understand the complex relationships that exist between herbivores and the plants they consume. To increase farmers confidence in the use of forage legumes, it is necessary to have more reliable establishment techniques and to reduce the variability in legume contribution within and between years, particularly for legumes in mixed swards.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption and Its Structures in Food Production Systems of the Visegrad Group Countries Compared with EU-15 Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3945
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Bajan ◽  
Joanna Łukasiewicz ◽  
Aldona Mrówczyńska-Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Production System ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
Food Production System ◽  
The Eu

While joining the European Union (EU) in 2004, the countries of the Visegrad Group (V4) had to face a major challenge in the context of adapting to the EU standards in the field of energy use and energy efficiency. One of the sectors that heavily depends on the use of energy (mainly from fossil fuels) is the food production system, whose energy transformation is essential for future food security. The study aimed to measure the use of energy and its structures in the food production systems of the V4 countries and the EU-15 countries in relation to the implementation of the EU energy targets. The targets assumed, among other things, a reduction in overall energy use and an increase in the share of renewables in the energy mix. The proprietary method based on the assumptions of lifecycle assessment was applied to measure energy consumption in the food production systems with the use of input–output tables and energy accounts, which are part of the World Input–Output Database. The research shows a decreasing share of the food production systems in energy use of the V4 countries, while in the EU-15 countries, it remains on average at a stable, low level (around 4.4%). The discussed share for Poland averaged 8.8% in the period considered, for Hungary 7.6%, for the Czech Republic 3.8%, and for Slovakia 3.3%. The share of renewables in energy use of the food production systems is growing. However, in some countries of the EU-15, it increases at a slower pace than the assumed strategic goals, mainly in the countries that are the largest food producers in the EU. For Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, and Italy, the average deviation of the share of renewables use in the food production system from the 2020 target for the entire economy is around 12 percentage points. In the case of V4 countries, the share of renewable energy use in food production systems is close to the assumed strategic targets.

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

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