Fremitomyces punctatus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Stem Necrosis

Abstract A description is provided for Fremitomyces punctatus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Erythroxylum? emarginatum, E. fischeri. DISEASE: Leaf and stem spot, associated with premature leaf fall and stem necrosis leading to die-back. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Kenya, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: No experimental work is available, but similar species have air-dispersed ascospores and water splash-dispersed conidia.

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Stem Necrosis ◽  
Lower Stem

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Glycine max, Vigna sinensis and V. unguiculata. DISEASE: A fairly widespread disease of both soyabean and cowpea and generally most serious in U.S.A. In cowpea the leaves become flaccid and chlorotic; in young plants a fairly rapid wilt can occur and leads to death. On older plants infection causes stunting, and chlorosis precedes leaf fall and a gradual wilt. The vascular tissue is necrotic and the roots may be more severely diseased than the above-ground symptoms suggest. The lower stem may become swollen before any chlorosis occurs. In the woody soyabean a generai wilt is not usually found. The plants become stunted, with the ehlorotic leaves gradually falling. Death ensues later than in the case of cowpea. Internal stem necrosis is a conspicuous symptom and removal of the petioles reveals this. Although the fungus chiefly causes the typical vascular disorders of this pathogenic group, there are reports of soyabean pod infection from Japan (19: 453). Infection of cowpea in India has also been described (35: 503). Some isolates from cowpea have proved pathogenic to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and it has been suggested that isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli might be virulent towards cowpea (43, 1472). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (Canada (Ontario) and in U.S.A., on cowpea, general in the southern states; on soyabean it occurs from Florida, La, Texas, Neb. and California); South America (Colombia); Asia (Formosa, India, U.S.S.R.); Australasia (Australia). Reports of its presence in Central Africa require confirmation. TRANSMISSION: Through soil and probably seed (11: 220; 29: 453).

Asperisporium caricae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Early Suggestion ◽  
Young Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Asperisporium caricae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Carica papaya. DISEASE: Black spot, blight or 'rust' of papaw (Carica papaya). Water-soaked spots on mature leaves become necrotic, usually circular and up to 4 mm diam., the dark conidia! masses being conspicuous on the under surface. Abundant spotting causes defoliation and over 50% leaf fall can occur. Similar spots form on the fruit; they cause shallow lesions and no decay. Young leaves are not attacked. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Restricted to Central and S. America, West Indies and USA (Florida, Texas) (CMI Map 488, ed. 1, 1972). TRANSMISSION: Presumably air dispersed but no experimental work has been reported and there is no confirmation of an early suggestion of seed transmission (4: 682).

Phyllachora eximia. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Available P ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Tar Spot

Abstract A description is provided for Phyllachora eximia. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Arundinaria alpina (Gramineae); records on Arthrostylidium longiflorum (Gramineae) are doubtful, as are those from 'bamboo'. DISEASE: Tar spot of bamboo. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania; possibly occurs also in South Africa. Records from Brazil, Paraguay, Trinidad and Venezuela are unreliable. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by active air or water-splash dispersal of ascospores; no experimental work is available.

Phomopsis oryzae-sativae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Oryza Saliva ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Phomopsis oryzae-sativae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Oryza saliva. DISEASE: Collar rot of rice, appearing at the end of tillering stage. Visible symptoms are small dark brown lesions at the base of the auricle of the topmost fully expanded leaf. These lesions enlarge to cover the whole auricle and in the advanced stage lesions extend to the adjacent parts of the leaf sheath and leaf blade. Within 14 days the blade joint at the top of leaf sheath turns dark brown and then rots, causing the leaf blade to drop off (Kanjanasoon, 1962). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Thailand). TRANSMISSION: No studies reported. Conidia presumably dispersed by water splash.

Ascochyta rabiei. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Seed Infestation

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta rabiei. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Cicer arietinum. DISEASE: Blight of gor chick pea (Cicer arietinum), attacks all above-ground parts of the plant; circular lesions on leaves and pods and elongate ones on petioles and stems. The pycnidia form in concentric areas on these lesions and in severe attacks the whole plant is killed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Restricted to the Mediterranean region, S.E. Europe, S.W. Asia and also reported from Tanzania (CMI Map 151, ed. 2, 1966). Additional areas not yet mapped are: Lebanon, Turkey, USSR (Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Moldavia). TRANSMISSION: Infection is carried both on and within the seed. Seed infestation in pods showing infection was 50-80%. Seed formation, size and germination and seedling growth are adversely affected (12: 264; 49, 3059). Conida are presumably dispersed by water-splash and viability is retained in host debris on the soil surface between crop seasons.

Cercospora duddiae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Necrotic Tissue ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora duddiae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Allium ascalonicum, A. cepa, A. fistulosum, A porrum, A. sativum. DISEASE: Leaf spot or withertip on onion and garlic. The symptoms vary on the different host species. On onion circular, chlorotic spots 3-5 mm diam. form mainly on the tip of the leaf, gradually decreasing in number towards the leaf base. The lesions at the leaf tip coalesce, forming a dry greyish-brown area, and in severe cases the entire leaf tip may be killed. The base of the leaf is mottled with brown necrotic leaf spots. Eventually the necrotic tissue may spread down the leaf surface, delimited by a narrow band (3 mm) of chlorotic tissue (Welles, 1923). Rarely does the disease cause much damage (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Mauritius, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Uganda; Asia: Borneo, Brunei, Burma, India, Indonesia, Oman, The Yemen; Australasia: Papua New Guinea; North America: West Indies (Barbados, Jamaica). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne or water-splash dispersed conidia, and by transportation with onion parts. The fungus is also reported to be seed borne (Chupp & Sherf, 1960).

Entyloma serotinum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Entyloma serotinum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Symphytum spp., including S. asperrimum, S. bulbosum, S. cordatum, S. officinale, S. ottomanum and S. tuberosum; Borago officinalis; also recorded on Amsinckia, Lappula and Mertensia spp. (in USA) and Pulmonaria (in Europe, but see 64, 4163). DISEASE: Leaf spot of Symphylum, less frequently (though with similar symptoms) of other members of the Boraginaceae.GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Algeria. Asia: Israel, USSR (Republic of Georgia). Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: widespread, including Austria, British Isles, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France (including Corsica), Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, USSR (Latvia), Yugoslavia. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores survive on infected plant remains and in soil, and germinate to infect seedlings and the new seasons's leaves. In Europe conidia may also over-winter and initiate new infections in spring (Kaiser, 1936). During the growing season, conidia are disseminated by air currents and water-splash.

Alternaria sesami. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Infected Seed

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria sesami. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Sesamum indicum. DISEASE: Pre-emergence and post-emergence damping off and leaf, stem and pod spot. On the leaves the brown, round or irregular spots are up to 2 crn diam. with concentric zonations on the upper surface, coalescent; leaf fall can be severe. Stem and capsule lesions may be less conspicuous but those on the former can present a water-soaked appearance, spreading almost the whole length of the stem. Infected seed leads to reduced emergence. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Fairly widespread in Asia, E. & W. Africa, S. America and S.E. U.S.A. Details are given in CMI Map 410, ed. 1; Ethiopia is an additional recent record. TRANSMISSION: Seedborne; spread may have occurred mainly through seed.

Pestalotiopsis guepinii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Camellia Japonica ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Extensive Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis guepinii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Camellia japonica, C. sinensis, Erica and Rhododendron, with occasion records on unrelated hosts including Hippocratea, Jatropha, Laurus, Pinus and Terminalia. DISEASE: Grey leaf spot, twig dieback, stem canker, petal rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Specimens in Herb. IMI from Ghana, Kenya, Togo, India, Bohemia, France, Germany, Netherlands, UK, USA. Reported in literature from Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Azores, Indonesia, Japan, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic. TRANSMISSION: Conidia from diseased material and trash are dispersed by contact, water splash and local air currents, possibly to a limited extent by soil although extensive growth in soil has not been reported. It may also be seed-borne.

Alternaria longissima. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. David
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Stem Necrosis ◽  
Diverse Plant

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria longissima. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On pollen grains, husks and grains of numerous members of the Poaceae, such as Zea mays, Pennisetum typhoides, Saccharum officinarum and Oryza sativa; on seeds of Sesamum and Capsicum, and on diverse plant debris. DISEASE: None is normally caused in the natural environment, however it is reported as causing stem and leaf blight of sunflowers in Thailand (71, 5765), as well as a zonate leaf spot and stem necrosis of Sesamum (61, 5893). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia. C. & S. America: Cuba, Venezuela. N. America: Bermuda, USA (GA, NC). Asia: Bhutan, Brunei, India, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand. Europe: Ukraine. Australasia & Oceania: Australia (QLD, VIC), New Zealand, Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal, New Georgia). TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia as well as on seeds.

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