Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Brown Stripe

Abstract A description is provided for Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Agropyron intermedium, A. trichophorum, Avena sativa, Bromus catharticus, B. marginatus, Camellia sinensis (may form a complex with Pseudomonas syringae pv. theae: 68, 955), Caryota mitis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Eleusine coracana, Euchlaena mexicana, Oryza sativa, Panicum hirsutum, P. miliaceum, Paspalum nutans, P. paniculatum, P. urvillei, Pennisetum americanum, Saccharum officinarum, Setaria italica, S. lutescens, S. viridis, Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. DISEASE: Bacterial leaf blight of maize and sorghum, brown stripe of rice and red stripe of sugarcane. Symptoms in general consist of leaf streaks and stripes, which may extend into the sheaths. Occasionally a stalk rot develops. Symptoms are more severe on seedlings and immature plants. Discolouration of seeds can occur on rice. In fishtail palm (Caryota mitis), lesions are mainly at the leaf margin and brown/black with a chlorotic halo (Miller, 1992). In most cases conditions of high temperature and high relative humidity favour symptom development. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Comoro Is., Egypt, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh, Burma, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Okinawa, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, Fiji, Guam, Papua New Guinea, Tahiti, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, Mexico, USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, MT, Nebraska, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas & Virginia), Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts, Trinidad, Argentina, Brazil (Sao Paulo), Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela (CMI Map 511 ed. 1, 1976 & CMI Map 39 ed. 5, 1987). TRANSMISSION: The disease is largely thought to be seed borne. In rice, the bacterium is located between the glumes and the pericarp, or deeper in the seed (Shakya et al., 1986). There is evidence to suggest that mature plants which survive infection in the seedling stage harbour latent infections. The bacterium can be found in 8-yr old rice seed samples stored at 5°C (Shakya et al., 1985). The bacterium is not thought to survive well in soil or in plant debris. Alternative hosts such as Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass) in Florida, USA have been noted as an inoculum reservoir in bacterial leaf blight of maize outbreaks (Shurtleff, 1973; 57, 4929).

scholarly journals Complete and Draft Genome Sequences of the Cruciferous Pathogens Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis and Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Fujikawa ◽  
Yuichi Takikawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis and Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola cause bacterial leaf blight and bacterial leaf spot of crucifers (Brassicaceae). Both pathogens are threats to the cultivation of cruciferous crops. Here, we sequenced two strains of each pathogen, which will contribute to the development of countermeasures for the above diseases.

Erwinia chrysanthemi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Aechmea Fasciata

Abstract A description is provided for Erwinia chrysanthemi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a number of widely different plants, including Aechmea fasciata, Aglaonema pictum, Ananas comosus, Begonia bertini, Chrysanthemum spp., Colocasia esculenta, Dahlia spp., Dianthus caryophyllus, Dieffenbachia spp., Euphorbia pulcherrima, Musa sp., Parthenium argentatum, Philodendron spp., Saccharum officinarum, Saintpaulia ionantha, Syngonium podophyllum and Zea mays. DISEASE: Symptoms are stunting, yellowing, wilting, necrosis of parenchyma or soft rotting according to host plant, pathotype and environmental conditions. Stunting and wilting usually appear on Begonia, Chrysanthemum, carnation, Dahlia and poinsettia. Rots appear on leaves of Aechmea, Philodendron and Saintpaulia, while various other parts show rotting with other hosts. On sugarcane a leaf mottle is produced. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The species is probably world wide, but the different distributions of the strains or pathotypes (see below) must be distinguished as follows: Dianthus: Europe (CMI Map 425, ed. 1, 1967) to which should be added Italy (46, 3461), USA (47, 2498) and New Zealand (52, 3341); Zea: Egypt, Sudan, Rhodesia, S. Africa, India, USA, France, Italy, possibly Greece; Chrysanthemum: UK, Germany, Italy, Canada, USA, Japan; Dahlia: Netherlands, Romania; Dieffenbachia: Germany, Italy, USA; Saintpaulia: France, Germany, USA; Begonia: Netherlands; Aechmea: Italy; Ananas: Malaysia; Colocasia: Solomon Islands; Musa: Central America and probably most other banana-growing areas; Philodendron, Parthenium, Euphorbia and Aglaonema: all confined to USA; Saccharum: Australia (Qd., NSW). TRANSMISSION: Usually in or on vegetative propagating material. Cuttings and setts from infected plants are frequently infected. Cutting knives may carry inoculum to healthy material. Transmission in soil and planting medium is also possible. Serious outbreaks have occurred after holding a large number of cuttings together in water prior to planting. The sugarcane pathogen is rapidly spread by flood water (48, 2533). Maize stalk rot is carried by water splash. It is often associated with overhead irrigation (48, 1675; 55, 204).

Melanotus communis. [Distribution map].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
North America ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Melanotus communis Gyllenhal. Coleoptera: Elateridae. Main hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), many grasses, and some vegetables and cereals. Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (Ontario and Quebec, Canada, and Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia and Wisconsin, USA).

Khuskia oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Diurnal Periodicity ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Khuskia oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous, especially on monocotyledons and particularly on Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Zea mays and Musa spp. DISEASE: Causes cob and stalk rot of maize (11: 711; 12: 20; 13: 299, 571; 43, 3205; 44, 2123) and on sorghum as stem and grain infection (43, 727); it is common on banana debris in the western hemisphere and can cause discolouration in rice irain. On maize, symptoms develop towards maturity mostly on the shanks, husks and ears but also on the stems and stalks, where blackish, shallow lesions can occur. Ears may snap off at harvest; the cob becomes shredded and rotten through disintegration of the parenchyma, sparse mycelium and sporulation develop in the furrows between kernels and on the seed itself. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, principally as a member of the saprophytic flora on plant debris in warmer areas. TRANSMISSION: Infection of seed reduces its quality rather than causing the fungus to be really seed-borne. A diurnal periodicity has been reported for Nigrospora sphaerica and K. oryzae, with a peak at 0800-1000 hr, in the tropics (35: 383; 41: 242). Violent spore discharge, a rare phenomenon in the hyphomycetes, has been described for N. sphaerica (31: 56).

Pseudomonas alboprecipitans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Brown Stripe ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Spray Inoculation ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas alboprecipitans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Setaria lutescens, S. italica and Zea mays. Goto & Starr (1971) and Tominaga (1971) report natural infection of Euchlaena mexicana in Japan, while the latter author also reports natural infection of Agropyron pubescens, Bromus catharticus, B. inermis and B. marginatus in Japan, and Hordeum vulgare and Oryza sativa in the Philippines. The following are recorded as susceptible to spray inoculation: Agropyron intermedian ?, Alopecurus pratensis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avena sativa, Echinochloa frumentacea, Festuca elatior, Holcus lanatus, Lolium multiflorum, Poa pratensis, Phalaris arundinacea, Secale cereale, Setaria geniculata, Sorghum vulgare, S. vulgare var. sudanense, Triticum aestivum. Goto & Starr (1971) also report slight infection of Phaseolus vulgaris with wounding. DISEASE: Bacterial leaf blight and stalk rot of maize and teosinte; bacterial brown stripe of foxtail and various other grasses. On leaves and sheaths spots and streaks are produced. They vary in size and in colour from yellowish or pale brown to dark brown, depending on the host and conditions. On maize, if the stalk rot occurs it is on the upper part of the stem, often at the level where the ears are produced. The top of the plant dies and bleaches. The ears are usually sterile and sometimes become rotted. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Texas, Virginia), Brazil, Japan, Philippines. TRANSMISSION: Presumably transmitted mainly by wind and rain. Entry into the plant is through stomata and hydathodes and, although bacterial exudate is not seen, large numbers of bacteria can emerge on to wet leaf surfaces, especially on damaged leaves.

scholarly journals Evidence for a Novel Phylotype of Pseudomonas syringae Causing Bacterial Leaf Blight of Cantaloupe in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1746-1752
Author(s):  
Yanli Tian ◽  
Yuqiang Zhao ◽  
Xuezi Chen ◽  
Yuanfeng Dai ◽  
Wenjun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Hrp Genes ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Reference Strains

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) has caused severe yield losses in cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) in the major melon-growing regions of China since the beginning of the twentieth century. Historically, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans was considered to be the causal agent of BLB of cantaloupe and angular leaf spot of cucumber. In the process of characterizing bacteria isolated from cantaloupe, we observed that putative P. syringae pv. lachrymans yielded negative results in P. syringae pv. lachrymans-specific PCR assays. This suggested that the P. syringae pv. lachrymans-like strains from cantaloupe were distinct from those recovered from cucumber. To investigate the differences between P. syringae pv. lachrymans-like strains isolated from cantaloupe and cucumber, 13 P. syringae strains isolated from cantaloupe [12 from China and 1 from Zimbabwe (NCPPB2916)] and 7 additional P. syringae reference strains were analyzed by catabolic profiling, phylogenetic analysis by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and pathogenicity tests on cantaloupe leaflets. Catabolic profiling and MLSA based on 10 housekeeping genes and 2 hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) genes allowed us to differentiate strains isolated from cantaloupe and cucumber. Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans strains isolated from cucumber clustered with genomospecies 2, and 13 P. syringae strains isolated from cantaloupe belonged to genomospecies 1. While all cantaloupe strains were closely related to P. syringae pv. aptata, they could be differentiated from this pathovar based on metabolic tests and MLSA. Pathogenicity tests showed that all strains isolated from cantaloupe and cucumber were only pathogenic on their original hosts. Based on these observations we conclude that P. syringae pv. lachrymans strains recovered from cantaloupe in China represent a novel phylotype.

scholarly journals Biology and Control of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Cornus mas

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Mmbaga ◽  
E.C. Nnodu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bordeaux Mixture ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Cupric Sulfate ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Young Leaves

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) has been free of disease and pest problems until recently when a bacterial leaf blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae was reported. Since its first observation in middle Tennessee in 1999, the disease has become endemic in the nursery where it was first discovered. The objective of this study was to assess the disease, evaluate factors that favor disease development, and develop disease management strategies. Cool temperatures of 20 to 24 °C (day) and 10 to 15 °C (night) were most favorable to the disease and young leaves were highly susceptible while mature leaves were resistant to infection. Leaf wounding increased the susceptibility of leaves and mature leaves developed infection at 28 °C, temperature at which nonwounded leaves were completely resistant to infection. Results from this study also showed that plant propagation from seemingly healthy branches of infected plants may have perpetuated the disease at the nursery. Six chemicals—Phyton-27 (copper sulfate), Camelot (copper salt of fatty acids), Agri-Mycin 17 (streptomycin), Kocide 101 (copper hydroxide), Basicop (elemental copper 53%), and, Bordeaux mixture (cupric sulfate + lime) were evaluated for disease control. Phyton-27, and Agri-Mycin—were most effective and reduced disease severity to 10% of foliage showing disease symptoms. Information from this study will be useful in designing effective disease management strategies.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE TREATMENT OF RICE SEED INFECTED BY XANTHOMONAS ORYZAE PV. ORYZAE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RICE IN THE FIELD

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zamzami ◽  
Satriyas Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Citronella Oil ◽  
Main Plot

This research aimed to study the effect of treatment of rice seed infected with X. oryzae pv. Oryzae naturally to control bacterial leaf blight and to increase growth and yield of rice in the field. The research used Slit plot design with the main plot of variety consisting of IR64 and Ciherang, while the subplot is a seed treatment consisting of control, bactericide 0.2%  (Agrept 20WP), 1% citronella oil, biological agent Pseudomonas diminuta (McFarland IV scale ), matriconditioning + Agrept 0.2%, matriconditioning + 1% citronella oil, and matriconditioning + P. diminuta. Although seed treatment has not been able to control the bacterial leaf blight, it can increase the growth of seed and yield. Treatment of matriconditioning + Agrept 0.2% can increase the seed viability and dry weight of seedlings. Height of seedlings can be increased by the treatment of citronella oil, biological agents P. diminuta, matriconditioning + agrept 0.2%, and  matriconditioning + 1% citronella oil. Treatment of citronella oil, matriconditioning + P. diminuta, biological agents P. diminuta, and matriconditioning + Agrept 0.2% can increase the  estimated yield of ubinan/CCE harvest

Drechslera stenospila. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Brown Stripe

Abstract A description is provided for Drechslera stenospila. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum. DISEASE: Brown stripe of sugarcane. The linear spots turn reddish and elongate parallel to the long axis of the leaf; usually 2-10 mm long, often reach 25 mm and may be up to 75 mm but the streaks and runners characteristic of eye spot of sugarcane (D. sacchari, CMI Descript. 305) are absent. The spots may coalesce producing large necrotic areas. Comparisons between these 2 pathogens have been made (7: 401; 8: 134; 29: 477). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Has been reported from many sugarcane growing areas (CMI Map 483, ed. 1, 1971). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-dispersed conidia although no studies have been reported. No natural infection on other hosts occurs.

scholarly journals Leaf Blight of Mango in Nurseries of Major Mango Growing Areas in Bangladesh and its Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Farzana Yasmin ◽  
Ismail Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
House Condition

Leaf blight of mango in nurseries of major mango growing areas in Bangladesh viz. Rajshahi, Chapai Nawabganj and Dinajpur were investigated. A total of 56 varieties of mango (43, 17 and 17 in Rajshahi, Chapai Nawabganj and Dinajpur respectively) were surveyed, where the mean of % plant infection, % incidence and % severity in Rajshahi were from 3.33 to 33.06, 4.10 to 23.18 and 6.60 to 17.85, respectively. In Chapai Nawabgonj, the % plant infection was 11.11 to 23.33, the % incidence was 10.67 to 23.67 and % severity was 13.89 to 15.29. In Dinajpur, 6.19 to 12.14% plant infection, 6.00 to 15.85% incidence and 5.00 to 13.50% severity were recorded. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that most of the isolates of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae collected from mango were sensitive to Gentamycin and Erythromycin. Under the net house condition, six different treatments (i) 0.05 % Gentamycin (ii) 0.05 % Erythromycin, (iii) 0.05 % Doxycycline (iv) 0.05 % copper sulphate (v) 2 % BAU-biofungicide and (vi) Control) were used for controlling bacterial leaf blight of mango (Variety: Amropali). BAU-biofungicide was found superior in controlling bacterial leaf blight of mango that increased 8.76% plant height and 47.45% branch but reduced 54.14% disease incidence and 53.13% disease severity over control when applied as foliar spray at 2% followed by 0.05 % copper sulphate and 0.05 % erythromycin.Microbes and Health, January 2015. 4(1): 29-35

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