Monosporascus cannonballus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Monosporascus Cannonballus ◽  
Medicago Saliva

Abstract A description is provided for Monosporascus cannonballus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cumumis melo, C. sativus,? Medicago saliva, Trifolium pratense. DISEASE: Root rot of melon. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: India, Japan, USA (Arizona).

Pythium intermedium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium intermedium. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts represented by the following families: Begoniaceae, Bromeliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Coniferae, Cruciferae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Linaceae, Moraceae, Onagraceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Ulmaceae, Violaceae; also in the Equisetales and Filicales. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings, foot rot and root rot of ornamentals, occasionally of crop plants and trees. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (China); Australia & Oceania (Hawaii); Europe (England, Belgium, France, Germany, Holland, Sweden, U.S.S.R.); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Argentina). TRANSMISSION: A common soil inhabitant.

Cylindrocarpon olidum var. olidum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medicago Saliva

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocarpon olidum var. olidum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wide range. At IMI there are records on: Asparagus, Camellia, Cocos, Cordylina, Heterodera (nematode), Medicago saliva, Narcissus, Pelargonium, Picea, Pinus, Pyrus, Secale, Solanum.DISEASE: Root rotting. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ghana, Zimbabwe; Australasia: Australia; Europe: Germany, Great Britain; North America: Canada, Honduras, USA. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne; slimy spores are probably spread by water.

scholarly journals Genodiversity of dominant Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Trifolii isolated from 11 types of soil in Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Josic ◽  
Bogic Milicic ◽  
Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic ◽  
Mirjana Jarak
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Rapd Fingerprinting ◽  
Natural Isolates

Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii is microsymbiont Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens, which are very important legumes in Serbia. The natural nodulating population of those bacteria was collected and estimated biodiversity distribution by monitoring dominant genotypes of these bacteria. The population of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii were collected from 50 marked locations of 11 types of soil in Serbia. 437 natural isolates, rescued from nodules of Trifolium repens or Trifolium pratense, were analyzed by phenotypic approach. We obtained 156 different isolates on the basis of differences in their IAR - intrinsic antibiotic resistance (five antibiotics) and HMT- heavy methal tolerance (five heavy metals). We investigated 56 dominant isolates with more than three differences in IAR-HMT patterns by REP-PCR and RAPD fingerprinting (AP10 and SPH 1 primers). The results showed genodiversity of dominant Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii field isolates and offered the possibility to assess their changes on marked locations during time and under different environmental conditions and geographical distribution.

Calonectria scoparia. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Araucaria Heterophylla ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Stem Cankers

Abstract A description is provided for Calonectria scoparia. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia spp. (68, 1566), Araucaria heterophylla, Eucalyptus spp., Fragaria sp., Luma sp., Medicago sativa, M. truncatula, Persea americana, Pinus spp., Pisum sativum, Rhododendron spp., Prunus sp., Syncarpia gummifera. DISEASE: Damping off, root rot, cutting rot, stem cankers, leaf spotting, seedling and shoot blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Brazil, India, Kenya, Mauritius, South Africa. TRANSMISSION: Wind and splash dispersal.

Micronectriella nivalis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Snow Mould

Abstract A description is provided for Micronectriella nivalis[Monographella nivalis]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: The fungus is a serious pathogen of cereals (barley, wheat, rye) and grasses, especially in temperate regions where it may cause total loss of winter sown wheat and rye (43, 1873; 48, 3456). Tropical records, especially those on rice, need to be confirmed. DISEASE: Pre-emergence blight, root rot and occasionally head blight of cereals. Snow mould of turf. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, extremely widespread, USSR, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, N.E. and N.W. USA and Canada. Records have also been cited of its occurrence in India and West Africa (CMI Map 432, ed. 1, 1967). TRANSMISSION: By seed, soil, water and in summer by aerial dissemination of ascospores (48, 1628).

Nectria crotalariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Liriodendron Tulipifera ◽  
Acacia Koa ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Collar Region ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii ◽  
Crown Roots

Abstract A description is provided for Nectria crotalariae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia koa, Arachis hypogaea, Carica papaya, Crotalaria anagyroides, Liriodendron tulipifera and Tephrosia vogelii. DISEASE: Causes a collar rot of Crotalaria anagyroides and Tephrosia vogelii (29, 537), and a peg, pod and root necrosis of groundnut in Georgia (USA), a disease which has been named Cylindrocladium black rot of groundnuts. The diseased groundnut plants in the field were chlorotic and wilted and exhibited blighting of the leaf tips and margins. Chlorosis and wilting of the lateral foliage were usually less extensive than those of the erect primary branches (46, 1159). Reported as causing a severe root rot on potted Liriodendron tulipifera seedlings (49, 3016). In Hawaii the pathogen has been reported to cause a collar rot of Carica papaya and Acacia koa (Nishijima & Aragaki, 1973). On Carica papaya the diseased seedlings were characterized by stunting, chlorosis or loss of leaves and rotting of the collar region and crown roots. In glasshouse tests 5 cultivars of flue-cured tobacco proved to be highly susceptible to the pathogen while from 4 cultivars of cotton not visibly infected, the pathogen was isolated from roots (Rowe & Beute, 1973). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Hawaii, Sri Lanka and USA. TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is soil-borne.

Aphanomyces euteiches. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Stamps
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Pea Root Rot ◽  
Sweet Pea

Abstract A description is provided for Aphanomyces euteiches. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pea, Arabis, pansy, sweet pea, clover, bean, lupin, vetch, lucerne, Melilotus, barley, oats, Echinodorus brevipedicellatus. Conifer seedlings and other hosts were infected by inoculation. DISEASE: Root rot of pea. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan); Australia (Tasmania); Europe (UK, Denmark, France, Norway, Sweden, USSR); N. America (USA). (CMI Map 78, ed. 3, 1977). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, persisting in the soil for many years. Studies in Wisconsin suggested that A. euteiches may live as a weak parasite in the roots of many plants and occur naturally in some virgin soils (6, 523). Oospores were indicated to be the primary inocula for new outbreaks of pea root rot, zoospores the primary infective agents (39, 646). Survival between pea crops depended on oospore durability and possible alternative hosts, not saprophytic activity (41, 689). Studies were made of population dynamics in the soil (48, 2067) and penetration and infection of roots by zoospores (42, 287).

Rosellinia arcuata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
White Mycelium

Abstract A description is provided for Rosellinia arcuata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous; important on Camellia sinensis. DISEASE: Black root rot mainly of tropical and subtropical woody hosts; plurivorous but only of serious importance on tea (Camellia sinensis). The advancing edge of the mycelium is white, shading to black. On the root surface the black network of strands gives a woolly appearance and beneath the bark star-like fans of white mycelium spread out on the wood. On tea the fungus may spread up the stem fan a short distance; the bush often dies suddenly, the leaves remaining attached for some time. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Records of this fungus are apparently infrequent. It has been reported from Central African Republic, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Kenya, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Zaire Republic. TRANSMISSION: As mycelium from surface organic litter and woody debris and possibly also through spores.

Phytophthora nicotianae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora nicotianae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Principally Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Capsicum annuum and Citrus sp. A very large number of other agricultural and ornamental crops, both temperate and tropical, are also affected, including avocado, strawberry, pineapple, papaya, guava, eggplant and durian. DISEASE: Blackshank of tobacco, buckeye of tomato, root and fruit rot of capsicum, root rot of citrus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, but particularly common in the tropics and sub-tropics. TRANSMISSION: By zoospores in surface water and rainsplash. Chlamydospores (and oospores, when formed) act as perennating structures.

Cylindrocladium clavatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Cylindrocladium Floridanum ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocladium clavatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Araucaria angustifolia, Camellia sinensis, Eucalyptus saligna and Pinus. DISEASE: Occasionally associated with Cylindrocladium floridanum[Calonectria kyotensis] and Cylindrocarpon tenue on rotting roots of unthrifty tea bushes in Mauritius. Associated with a root disease of dying 10-15 year old trees of Araucaria angustifolia (Hodges & May, 1972). Roots of such trees are pitch-soaked and copiously exude resin, causing large quantities of soil to stick to the roots, thus resembling in symptomatology the brown root rot caused by Phellinus noxius. Also isolated from the roots of dying trees of several species of Pinus (Hodges & May, 1972). The pine needles on affected trees turn bright yellow, droop and finally turn brick red. Roots were pitch-soaked but resin exudation was slight. Also isolated from seedlings of Eucalyptus saligna (Hodges & May, 1972). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Mauritius. TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is soil-borne.

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