Cylindrocladium clavatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Cylindrocladium Floridanum ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocladium clavatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Araucaria angustifolia, Camellia sinensis, Eucalyptus saligna and Pinus. DISEASE: Occasionally associated with Cylindrocladium floridanum[Calonectria kyotensis] and Cylindrocarpon tenue on rotting roots of unthrifty tea bushes in Mauritius. Associated with a root disease of dying 10-15 year old trees of Araucaria angustifolia (Hodges & May, 1972). Roots of such trees are pitch-soaked and copiously exude resin, causing large quantities of soil to stick to the roots, thus resembling in symptomatology the brown root rot caused by Phellinus noxius. Also isolated from the roots of dying trees of several species of Pinus (Hodges & May, 1972). The pine needles on affected trees turn bright yellow, droop and finally turn brick red. Roots were pitch-soaked but resin exudation was slight. Also isolated from seedlings of Eucalyptus saligna (Hodges & May, 1972). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Mauritius. TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is soil-borne.

scholarly journals Brown Root Rot of 10 Species of Fruit Trees Caused by Phellinus noxius in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 746-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Ann ◽  
H. L. Lee ◽  
T. C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Similar Temperature ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Wilt and death of fruit trees was surveyed from 1990 to 1996. Most trees with decline symptoms in central and southern Taiwan had brown root rot caused by Phellinus noxius. The infected trees included litchi, sugar-apple, plumum, pear, loquat, persimmon, carambola, wax apple, grape, and jellyfig, with ages ranging from young seedlings up to 10-year-old trees. Symptoms were leaf discoloration, unthrifty appearance, and eventual death. Upon inoculation of the roots with P. noxius grown in a wheat-oat medium, healthy seedlings of these 10 tree species were killed. P. noxius was reisolated from diseased tissues of inoculated roots. The isolates of P. noxius obtained from different hosts were similar in morphological characteristics. Host specificity among the tested isolates was not observed in the cross-inoculation test, but variability in virulence was noted in some tests. Mycelial growth of different isolates of P. noxius showed similar temperature response, but the growth rates varied dramatically. Fruiting bodies were rarely found in the field. However, the fungus produced fruiting bodies artificially, on a sawdust medium, that were similar to those produced on the lower stems of declining trees. Brown root rot can be induced by replanting seedlings in infested soil or by contact with the diseased or dead roots. P. noxius causing brown root rot of these 10 fruit trees has not been previously reported.

Phellinus noxius. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Pegler
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Equatorial Africa ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Abstract A description is provided for Phellinus noxius. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On trees belonging to over 50 tropical genera; especially Hevea, Elaeis and Thea. DISEASE: Brown root rot particularly of rubber, oil palm and tea. The roots of diseased trees are characteristically encrusted with a mass of sand, earth and stones intermingled with and held together by the brown mycelium, which eventually turns black. A crust of mycelium may form on the trunk under certain conditions in New Guinea (44, 1483). The attacked wood is discoloured reddish-brown or brown mottled with white patches. In advanced stages of decay, the wood becomes light dry and friable and honey-combed, and a brown network of lines appears on the surface of the wood under the bark. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Cameroon, Congo, French Equatorial Africa, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania); Asia (Ceylon, Formosa, India, Indonesia, Malaysia); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, Fiji, Papua & New Guinea, New Hebrides, Samoa); Central America & Caribbean (Costa Rica, Cuba, Puerto Rico). (CMI Map 104, ed. 2, 1964) and Fidalgo (1968). TRANSMISSION: Infection of freshly exposed tree stumps is by air-borne spores. Carpophores may sporulate up to 6 weeks (42: 145). Healthy roots in contact with infected roots or dead wood are invaded, those of 6-yr-old rubber trees appearing more susceptible than 20-yr-old trees (33: 256). The pathogen may survive up to 4 yrs in buried roots 3 inches diam., depending on soil conditions (40: 427).

The brown root rot fungus Phellinus noxius affects microbial communities in different root‐associated niches of Ficus trees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tse‐Yen Liu ◽  
Chao‐Han Chen ◽  
Yu‐Liang Yang ◽  
Isheng J. Tsai ◽  
Ying‐Ning Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Rosellinia arcuata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
White Mycelium

Abstract A description is provided for Rosellinia arcuata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous; important on Camellia sinensis. DISEASE: Black root rot mainly of tropical and subtropical woody hosts; plurivorous but only of serious importance on tea (Camellia sinensis). The advancing edge of the mycelium is white, shading to black. On the root surface the black network of strands gives a woolly appearance and beneath the bark star-like fans of white mycelium spread out on the wood. On tea the fungus may spread up the stem fan a short distance; the bush often dies suddenly, the leaves remaining attached for some time. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Records of this fungus are apparently infrequent. It has been reported from Central African Republic, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Kenya, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Zaire Republic. TRANSMISSION: As mycelium from surface organic litter and woody debris and possibly also through spores.

Molecular diagnosis of the brown root rot disease agent Phellinus noxius on trees and in soil by rDNA ITS analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Feng Wang ◽  
Han Meng ◽  
Victor W. Gu ◽  
Ji-Dong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Phellinus noxius (P. noxius) is an important pathogen that causes brown root rot of trees in tropical and sub-tropical areas and has led to severe damage to trees. A quick and accurate diagnostic technique is essential to the timely confirmation of the pathogen and possible treatment. In this study, a fast, sensitive and accurate approach of molecular technique was used to diagnose the brown root rot pathogen on trees and in soils of subtropical Hong Kong. Two pairs of specific PCR primers were used to amplify the target rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for both tree tissues and soil samples. The amplified ITS fragments were then sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically for the diagnostic identification of the pathogen P. noxius. The results showed that 13 of 38 suspected trees in Hong Kong were infected with P. noxius through molecular detection. The pathogen showed no specific preference to any particular tree species. Quantitative PCR was applied to soils grown with trees identified both positive and negative for P. noxius, but the soils with healthy trees were also found positive for P. noxius. For the first time, P. noxius was reported to infect a wide range of tree species in Hong Kong and widely presented in soils, probably serving as a reservoir for the pathogen. Through this study, it is proposed that P. noxius is a soil-borne pathogen, which increases its infectivity when trees start to grow in the soil as a means in addition to the previously proposed root-to-root contact.

Cylindrocladium camelliae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
South India ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Acacia Dealbata ◽  
Collar Region ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocladium camelliae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia dealbata, Camellia sinensis. DISEASE: A minor root rot of tea in South India. Affected plants unthrifty with few feeding roots. Raised patches occur on the bark of the tap and lateral roots and may extend to the collar region. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: India, Japan.

Antifungal agents from heartwood extract of Taiwania cryptomerioides against brown root rot fungus Phellinus noxius

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Han Chen ◽  
Chun-Ya Lin ◽  
Pei-Ling Yen ◽  
Ting-Feng Yeh ◽  
Sen-Sung Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Taiwania Cryptomerioides ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius
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