Aspergillus clavatus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Aspergillus Clavatus ◽  
Allergic Alveolitis ◽  
Worldwide Distribution

Abstract A description is provided for Aspergillus clavatus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: On Insects. Although not known to be a pathogen, it has been isolated from insects (Raper & Fennell, 1965), particularly dead adult bees (Batra et al., 1973). On Man. Aspergillus clavatus may cause allergic alveolitis in man (Channell et al., 1965) GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide distribution, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical soils.

scholarly journals One new species and one new record of Dryinus Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) from Uruguay

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
André Martins ◽  
Nelson W. Perioto
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Record ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
One New Species

Dryinus Latreille, the most diverse genus of Dryininae (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), has a worldwide distribution with 268 extant species, of which 103 are reported from the Neotropics. Only eight species of Dryinidae have been recorded in Uruguay, none of them belong to genus Dryinus. In this study, we describe the first species of Dryinus in Uruguay, Dryinus rogeriae nov. sp. and expanded the geographical distribution of D. bocainanus (Olmi) based on specimens collected in eastern Uruguay. We illustrate the studied species and provide a distributional map.

Geographical distribution of present day Poaceae as evidence for the origin of African floras

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Evolutionary Sequence ◽  
Climatic Adaptation ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
The Family

The major tribes and sub-families of grasses occupy worldwide latitudinal belts, which can be related to an evolutionary sequence of climatic adaptations. However, genera tend to be confined to individual continents, suggesting that grasses do not easily cross the oceans, and that the worldwide distribution of the family may have been achieved when the continents were closer together. Species distributions are likewise strongly influenced by the effect of climatic adaptation and continental isolation, but they show a number of aberrations. These are probably a legacy of climatic disturbance during the Pleistocene.

Fusarium nygamai. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Northern Territories

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium nygamai. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Typically isolated from soil, roots of sorghum, millet, cotton, Phaseolus, etc. and plant debris. Reported to infect Striga hermonthica in sorghum (Abbasher & Sauerborn, 1992). DISEASE: Not normally regarded as an economic plant pathogen, although it may cause reduction in Striga population levels. Occasionally an opportunistic pathogen of humans (Krulder et al., 1996). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Namibia, Nigeria, Republic of South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe; Australasia: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territories), China (76, 4386), Malaysia (Salleh & Strange, 1988), Thailand; Americas: Puerto Rico, USA (75, 7565; 76, 6666). This species appears to be widespread in arid, tropical soils. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed locally by water flow and splash droplets. Chlamydospores may be dispersed by movement of contaminated soil or plant debris.

Frequency of BCR/ABL Breakpoints in CML Venezuelan Patients : Contribution to a Possible Worldwide Distribution of BCR/ABL Transcripts Associated to Ethnicity

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 4280-4280
Author(s):  
Fanny J. Carreño ◽  
Jose L Lopez ◽  
Estluz K Mata ◽  
Leonor Cardenas ◽  
Osiris Da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Gene Fusion ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Automatic Sequences ◽  
Middle East Countries

Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a common clinical pathology characterized by the clone expansion of stem cells of myeloid linage. At the cytogenetic and molecular level CML is associated with one reciprocal and nonrandom translocation (t(9;22)(q34;q11)) which causes the BCR/ABL gene fusion in the 22nd chromosome (Philadelphia chromosome, pH+). This gene codifies for a chimerical protein functionally active and able to exert a transforming effect on all the cells carrying that gene. The transcripts b2a2 and b3a2 are the principal variants identified on the CML patients. Due to high frequency and variation in expression of b2a2 and b3a2 transcripts in CML patients, the researchers have tried to associate the expression of those transcripts with clinical and ethnic aspects. Nevertheless, the results have been contradictory and a direct correlation between transcripts BCR/ABL, the clinic and ethnicity has not been yet found. Although, geographic variation has been already revealed for others leukemia types, thus enhancing the accuracy of prognosis, until now a geographic distribution of CML transcripts remain unrevealed. We report here for the first time, the frequency of different BCR/ABL transcripts in 467 Venezuelan CML patients. The RT-PCR for those transcripts evidenced that 449 (96.1%) of patients had the gene fusion p210BCR/ABL, being 205 (45.6 %) b2a2, 187 (41.7%) b3a2 and 40 (8.8%) b2a2/b3a2 co-expression. The remaining 17 (3.9%) included the expression of variant P190BCR/ABL (e1a2) and its co-expressions: e1a2/b2a2, e1a2/b3a2 and e1a2/b2a2/b3a2. Most of the patients were between 21 and 60 years old and 53% were males. The analysis of automatic sequences showed the T/C polymorphism in some b2a2 transcripts, while b3a2 and co-expressions transcripts did not present it. These results were included in our study on the geographic distribution of the BCR/ABL transcripts. That study revealed that the Asian and Middle East countries (Malaysia, Thailand, Korea, India, China, Japan and Iran) showed the highest frequency of b3a2, while American countries (Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela) presented b2a2 as the highest frequency found. This geographical distribution of transcripts was found to have a pattern according to longitude: increasing the relative expression of b3a2 from west to east. As for the relative expression of b2a2 and b3a2 transcripts by ethnic groups, it showed three main groups: Asians and Middle Easterns express mainly b3a2 transcript, Europeans (Caucasians European) express both transcripts, whereas Mestizos (mulattos, Caucasians and Amerindians) express mainly b2a2 transcript. This geographical distribution pattern suggests that the relation between clinical features and CML transcripts could be masked by underlying factors such as ethnicity and geographic location.

Aspergillus alutaceus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Hind Gut

Abstract A description is provided for Aspergillus alutaceus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: On Insects. Aspergillus alutaceus can attack some insects, e.g. silkworms and colorado beetles, directly by entrance through their hind gut (Raper & Fennell, 1965). It has also been isolated from different genera of wild and domesticated bees (Batra et al., 1973) and the dead imagoes of Colorado beetles (Bajan & Kwitowa, 1974). On Man. Although not known to be a human pathogen, it has been isolated from sputum of patients with pulmonary disturbances (Almeida, 1939). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide, particularly in tropical soils.

Aspergillus flavus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. S. Onions
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Bovine Placenta ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects

Abstract A description is provided for Aspergillus flavus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: The fungus normally occurs as a saprophyte in soil and on many kinds of decaying organic matter causing no economic damage or disease. However, on occasion it may act as a spoilage organism of stored seeds and grains, including Arachis hypogaea (groundnut), Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut), Cicer arietinum, Cucurbita pepo, Elaeis guineensis, Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sorghum spp., Theobroma cacao, Triticum spp., Vigna sinensis[Vigna unguiculata] and Zea mays (Herb. IMI), or become pathogenic to seedling plants as well as to man, cattle, birds and insects. DISEASES: On man and animals: The infection is most often pulmonary as in pigeon and turkey (Ainsworth & Austwick; RMVM 2, 1721) and captive wild birds (Ainsworth & Rewell; RMVM 1, 2090) or general as in broiler chickens (Stock, Avian Dis. 5: 89-93, 1961). Other types include bronchial infections, endocarditis and infections of the ear (Wolf; RMVM 1, 1095), brain, skin, nail, eye (Fazakaz; RMVM 4, 1084) and orbit in man and infection of the bovine placenta (see Austwick, 1965, p. 101). Aspergillus flavus is regarded as an important pathogen of insects (Austwick, 1965, p. 101-102). On plants: A limited amount of invasion of unblemished, intact, immature or mature groundnut pods has been recorded in the southern U.S.A. in the field. Diener et al. (1965) found that the invasion of overmature kernels and shells before harvest was reduced when rainfall was abundant and well distributed and when temperatures were moderate. It has been found to attack germinated groundnuts in the seed bed, particularly after injury to the seed coat or cotyledon (Clinton, 1960) and has also been reported highly pathogenic to cotton seedlings (37: 662). It has been isolated from rhizospheres of Viciafaba in Egypt (Herb.IMI). Aflatoxin production. Some strains when growing on groundnuts produce a toxin, afiatoxin. Toxic groundnuts induce disease in turkeys and ducklings (RMVM 4, 908) and Lancaster et al. (1961) demonstrated carcinogenic effects on rats fed on a diet containing 20% toxic groundnut meal. Aflatoxin has a large literature, see Austwick (in Raper & Fennell 1965, p. 106-109); RMVM: numerous papers, books and symposiums particularly, RMVM 4, 1731; Austwick & Ayerst, RMVM 4, 1732; 5, 1618; Wogan, 1965. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, particularly in tropical soils.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF RIVER VIRUS CONTROL, IT’S GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL CYCLE, PATHOGENESIS AND PROPHYLATIC MEASURES: A REVIEW.

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Thiago Willame Barbosa ALVES ◽  
Francisco Patricio de ANDRADE JÚNIOR ◽  
Vanessa Santos de Arruda BARBOSA
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
International Health ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

The rabies is a zoonotic infection that attacks the central nervous system, being caused by a virus of RNA belonging to the Lyssavirus genus. The present study aimed to gather information about the importance of rabies virus (VR) control, correlating with its geographical distribution, biological cycle, pathogenesis and prophylactic measures. This is a review study in which the databases Medline/Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo, Science Direct, thesis and dissertation bank of public universities and the national and international health committees were used. We analyzed 105 materials, of which 52 were included in this study, those that did not have relevant aspects about the proposed theme, were excluded. Rabies has a worldwide distribution, where its mortality reaches almost 100%. Therefore, permanent surveillance of the different components of the RV transmission chain is essential, in addition vaccination of domestic animals (dogs and cats) and post-exposure prophylaxis should be well performed to promote better prevention against this virus and to prevent possible development of this disease.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, burden, and geographical distribution of cystic echinococcosis in Central Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Abedin Saghafipour ◽  
Masoumeh Divband ◽  
Leyli Zanjirani Farahani ◽  
Hadi Hamidi Parsa ◽  
Hossein Golabchi Fard
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background and Aim: Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important, neglected zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution which has been reported in different regions of Iran, including the central areas (e.g. Qom Province). The disease is caused by the Echinococcus granulosus parasite living in the intestine of dogs and other canids as definitive hosts. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, burden, and geographical distribution of CE in Qom Province, Central Iran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, the data of patients with diagnosed CE during 2011-2018 were collected from all urban and rural areas of Qom Province. The data of the epidemiological status of CE cases were extracted from the CE surveillance system in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the Qom University of Medical Sciences which is owned and run by Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education. In addition, the economic burden of the disease was evaluated by Azarakhsh and Roozamad financial software; the geographical distribution of CE was obtained by ArcGIS 10.3 software (IBM Corp., Chicago, USA). Results: The results reveal that the incidence rate of CE was 6.81/100,000 people over the 8-year period of the study. More than half of the cases were females (57.95%), housewives (57.47%), and residents (89.77%). The majority of the cases were Iranian (88.77%) and the rest were from the two neighboring countries: Afghanistan and Pakistan. The economic burden of the human CE in the 8 years was estimated to be 3,761,352,526 rials (75,227 $). In terms of spatial distribution, the highest incidence rate of CE was observed in Salafchegan District in the southwest of Qom Province. Conclusion: The economic burden of human CE infection provided by governmental health-care systems or as out-of-pocket expenses is relatively high, and housewives, especially those living in Salafchegan District, are more likely to be affected. More studies are recommended on different epidemiological aspects and the definitive hosts of the parasite; besides, people at risk need to be warned and educated so that the incidence rate of the disease is reduced.

Neosartorya fischeri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Neosartorya Fischeri

Abstract A description is provided for Neosartorya fischeri. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: On Man and Animals. There is some evidence that N. fischeri can sometimes act as a pathogen (Raper & Fennell, 1965; Wyllie & Morehouse, 1977). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: A thermotolerant soil species of worldwide distribution.

scholarly journals Distribution of testate amoebae in bryophyte communities in São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Souto ◽  
Vítor Gonçalves ◽  
Xabier Pontevedra-Pombal ◽  
Pedro Raposeiro
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
New Records ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Azores Archipelago ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Species Ecology

Testate amoebae are a polyphyletic group of protists living preferentially in soils, freshwaters and wetlands. These Protozoa have a worldwide distribution, but their presence and diversity in the Azores (a remote oceanic archipelago) is poorly known, with only twelve taxa recorded so far. The published information reflects occasional collections from sporadic field visits from naturalists to São Miguel Island, mainly in the nineteenth century. To overcome this limitation, a standardised survey was carried out on the Island, sampling different types of habitats from several localities to provide the distribution and information on species ecology of testate amoebae. In this study, 43 species of testate amoebae were recorded (within a total of 499 occurrences), belonging to two orders of Protista (26 Arcellinida and 17 Euglyphida). The most frequently occurring testate amoebae were Euglypha strigosa, Trinema lineare, Euglypha rotunda, Assulina muscorum and Cyclopyxis eurystoma. The most diverse genus was Euglypha (six species). A total of 38 species are new records for the Azores Archipelago. These data help to improve knowledge of the geographical distribution of testate amoebae in the northern hemisphere and their diversity in the Azores Archipelago.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document