Xanthomonas campestris pv. poae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Heading Stage

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. poae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Naturally infects Poa trivialis. By artificial inoculation Poafertilis and P. nemoralis are both moderately susceptible, P. annua rather less susceptible, and P. pratensis and P. compressa little or not at all affected. DISEASE: Bacterial wilt of rough stalked meadow grass (Poa trivialis). The symptoms are the same as those produced by X. campestris pv. graminis on other forage grasses. At the heading stage young leaves are seen to curl and wither, and shoots remain stunted or die. Some plants produce small, distorted inflorescences. Chlorotic and necrotic areas form along the vascular bundles of older leaves and often extend into their sheaths. Bacterial streaming is usually visible under the microscope. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Switzerland. Probably present but unrecognised in some other european countries. TRANSMISSION: Within the crop the main means of transmission is probably mowing machinery.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. arrhenatheri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. arrhenatheri. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Arrhenatherum elatius. By inoculation strain 705 gave much less severe symptoms on Alopecuruspratensis and Dactylis glomerata, but other grasses tested were not diseased (Egli et al., 1975) Three other strains (711, 719, and 725) gave mild symptoms on Lolium multiflorum, and one (730) gave a slight reaction on Phleum pratense. The reactions on Festuca pratensis and Poa trivialis were negative or negligible (Egli & Schmidt 1982). It is unlikely that the above inoculated hosts would be infected naturally. DISEASE: Bacterial wilt of tall oat grass. The symptoms are identical to those caused by X. campestris pv. graminis on other forage grasses. They are first seen at the heading stage when young leaves curl and wither and shoots remain stunted or may die. In some plants poor growth continues and small distorted inflorescences are produced. Chlorotic and necrotic zones form on older leaves along the vascular bundles, often extending into the sheaths. Bacterial streaming may be seen under the microscope from cut ends of vascular bundles of infected tissue mounted in water. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Switzerland. All of Egli's isolates came from that country and the pathogen has not yet been reported from elsewhere. TRANSMISSION: As with X. campestris pv. graminis transmission within the crop is thought to be mainly by mowing machinery.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. phlei. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. phlei. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Phleumpratense. In inoculation tests Egli & Schmidt (1982) found that Phleum alpinum, P. arenarium, P. bertolonii (2 cvs.), P. phleoides and P. pratense (2 cvs.) were all highly susceptible. Lolium multiflorum showed mild symptoms in this test, but none in another. Other grasses, including Festuca pratensis, Arrhenatherum elatius and Poa trivalis showed little or, more often, no symptom development. DISEASE: Bacterial wilt of timothy grass. The symptoms are the same as those caused by X. campestris pv. graminis on other forage grasses. Young leaves curl and wither and shoots remain stunted or die. In some plants growth continues poorly and small, distorted inflorescences are produced. Chlorotic and necrotic zones form along the vascular bundles of older leaves, often extending to the sheaths. Bacterial streaming is often visible under the microscope from the cut edges of infected tissue. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Norway (Egli & Schmidt, 1982) and Belgium (61, 6162) are the only reports so far, but the disease is probably more widespread in Europe than this would suggest. TRANSMISSION: As for X. campestris pv. graminis transmission within the crop is thought to be mainly by mowing machinery. The possibility of seed transmission should not be overlooked, although this has not been proved.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Reay
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Natural Host Range

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium italicum, L. multiflorum, L. perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis, and Trisetum flavescens. Single cases of natural infection of Agropyron repens, Phalaris arundinacea and Phleum pratense are also recorded (62, 241), but their status in the natural host range is unknown. In inoculation tests (Egli et al., 1975; Egli & Schmidt, 1982) the following were highly susceptible: Alopecurus pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, F. pratensis, F. rubra, Lolium loliaceum, L. multiforum, L. parabolicae, L. perenne, L. remotum, L. temulentum, Phleum arenarium and P. bertolonii. Showing much less susceptibility were Agrostis alba, Arrhenatherum elatius, Phleum alpinum, P. phleoides, P. pratense, Poa annua, P. compressa, P. fertilis, P. memoralis, P. pratensis and P. trivialis. Leyns et al. (61, 6162) found that Agrosas tenuis and Festuca ovina were moderately susceptible when inoculated. Egli et al. (1975) recorded doubtful symptoms on Hordeum vulgare and Triacum aestivam on inoculation, but consider that they are unlikely to be naturally infected. DISEASE: Bacterial wilt of forage grasses. Symptoms usually first noticed at the heading stage, when young leaves curl and wither, and shoots remain stunted or may die. Other plants will continue to make poor growth and produce small, distorted inflorescences. Chlorotic and necrotic zones form on the older leaves along long stretches of vascular bundles, often extending into the sheaths. Bacterial streaming may be seen under the microscope from the cut ends of vascular bundles of infected tissue mounted in water. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: CMI Map 533, ed. 1, 1979 lists France, Germany, Switzerland and Wales, to which must be added Scotland (63, 2925), Belgium (61, 4199), Netherlands, Norway (62, 241), and New Zealand (62, 241). Possibly in USA (IL; 61, 5045) though this disease is currently attributed to a Rickettsia- like organism. TRANSMISSION: Within the crop transmission is presumed to be by the blades of mowing machines.

Some Physiological Aspects of Bacterial Wilt of Forage Grasses Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis

1987 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Leyns ◽  
M. De Cleene ◽  
G. Van Bogaert ◽  
L. Vijver ◽  
J. De Ley
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Forage Grasses

Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Soft Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On begonias. Reiger-type are most susceptible, but the disease is also reported on rhizomatous, fibrous, tuberous and winter flowering hybrid varieties (Harri et al., 1975; 54, 3343). DISEASE: Bacterial wilt and leaf spot of begonias. Symptoms first appear as small isolated spots, most easily seen on the undersides of the leaves concentrated near the margins. The spots run parallel to main veins. They enlarge, become water-soaked and eventually coalesce if conditions are very moist. The result is a soft rot often leading to premature abscission of the leaves. The stems are also affected and vascular systems invaded (Digat & Vidalie 1975; 54, 3343). Blossom infection occurs (54, 3343) and young cuttings are affected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Rather scattered. Present in Canada, USA, St. Vincent, Brazil, parts of Western Europe, India, Japan, Iran, Australia and New Zealand (CMI Map 413, ed. 2, 1980). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen can survive in host plants during periods of latency (Digat & Vidalie, 1975) and in dead begonia leaf debris for at least 12 months (54, 878). The bacteria are carried from plant to plant at watering, either by splashing or being taken in through the roots (Harri et al., 1975). Entry into the plant is also through the hydathodes of the leaf margins (54, 3343; Digat & Vidalie, 1975), or less frequently through stomata under conditions of water congestion (Stann. 1961).

Rhizopus microsporus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Rhizopus Microsporus

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus microsporus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: In soil and plant debris, also pathogenic for animals (causing mycoses). DISEASES: Man and Animals. A cause of phycomycosis (syn. 'mucormycosis') in man; see Neame & Rayner (RMVM 4, 882). On the horse, swine (generalized infection) and bovine fetus (fide Dodge (1936, p. 115) as R. equinus) and gastric infection in the pig (Gitter & Austwick, Vet. Rec. 71: 6-11, 1959). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: European countries and South Africa. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum. [Distribution map].

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Ensete Ventricosum ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Yirgou & Bradbury) Dye. Proteobacteria: Xanthomonadales. Hosts: banana (Musa sp.), enset (Ensete ventricosum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Burundi, Congo Democratic Republic, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda).

Coccomyces papillatus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
North American ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Pinus Wallichiana

Abstract A description is provided for Coccomyces papillatus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: The ecology of this fungus is completely unknown. SHERWOOD (1980) noted strong similarities with Coccomyces strobi (IMI Descriptions No. 1292), which is known to occur on brittle dead attached twigs of native North American five-needled pines in North America and some European countries to which they have been introduced. This habitat is often associated with endobionts involved in self-pruning ecosystems which later fruit on dead twigs, best exemplified by Colpoma quercinum on Quercus and C. crispum on Picea (IMI Descriptions Nos 942. 1333), and Therrya fuckelii and T. pini on Pinus (IMI Descriptions Nos 1297, 1298) and it is tempting to speculate that C. papillatus too will prove to occupy this sort of niche. HOSTS: Pinus wallichiana (twig). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: Pakistan. TRANSMISSION: Not known. Presumably by air-borne ascospores released in humid conditions.

Microsphaera penicillata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Dry Seasons

Abstract A description is provided for Microsphaera penicillata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On species of Alnus, Betula, Syringa, Lathyrus, sweet peas and numerous other hosts (Saknon, 1900; Stevens, 1925; 39: 739; 41: 175) DISEASES: Powdery mildew of alder and lilac. Forms a white to grey floury appearance on the surface of broad leaves of many hard wood trees. It is more prevalent on sweet peas than Erysiphe pisi (CMI Descript. 155) in North America in spring when temperature and humidity are fluctuating. The foliage may be malformed, dropping prematurely or drying out and shrivelling. It is also prevalent on lilac in late summer and autumn, sometimes in dry seasons almost completely covering the foliage, but generally too late in the season to cause serious damage. Young leaves are more susceptible. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide on alder and lilac and occasionally occurring on numerous other hosts. Distributed generally in North America and Europe, also reported from Chile, China, India and Japan (Salmon, 1900, 39: 739; 41: 175). TRANSMISSION: Spores wind borne.

Diaporthe manihotis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Severe Attack ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Pale Green

Abstract A description is provided for Diaporthe manihotis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Manihot esculenta. DISEASE: Leaf spot of cassava (46, 64) or sometimes referred to as Phomopsis blight of tapioca (54, 2588). In the early stages of infection the visible symptoms are pale green, watersoaked, small round spots on young leaves and petioles which rapidly enlarge and turn brown. Severe attack leads to defoliation and infection spreading to the stem. Affected areas become shrivelled with numerous pycnidia embedded in the tissue. On severely infected stems the bark starts to peel off gradually leading to partial or total girdling. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Nigeria); Asia (India); Central America and West Indies (S.E. Dominica); South America (Colombia). TRANSMISSION: Probably by watersplash-dispersed conidia.

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