Phaeoramularia angolensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Fruit Spot ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Survival Mechanisms

Abstract A description is provided for Phaeoramularia angolensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Species of Citrus including C. aurantium and C. sinensis. DISEASE: Leaf and fruit spot. In young leaves and fruit a generalized necrosis sometimes forms resulting in defoliation and fruit drop. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Angola, Cameroon, Gabon, Nigeria, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), Asia (Yemen). TRANSMISSION: Possibly from air borne conidia, survival mechanisms unknown.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Reay
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Natural Host Range

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium italicum, L. multiflorum, L. perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis, and Trisetum flavescens. Single cases of natural infection of Agropyron repens, Phalaris arundinacea and Phleum pratense are also recorded (62, 241), but their status in the natural host range is unknown. In inoculation tests (Egli et al., 1975; Egli & Schmidt, 1982) the following were highly susceptible: Alopecurus pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, F. pratensis, F. rubra, Lolium loliaceum, L. multiforum, L. parabolicae, L. perenne, L. remotum, L. temulentum, Phleum arenarium and P. bertolonii. Showing much less susceptibility were Agrostis alba, Arrhenatherum elatius, Phleum alpinum, P. phleoides, P. pratense, Poa annua, P. compressa, P. fertilis, P. memoralis, P. pratensis and P. trivialis. Leyns et al. (61, 6162) found that Agrosas tenuis and Festuca ovina were moderately susceptible when inoculated. Egli et al. (1975) recorded doubtful symptoms on Hordeum vulgare and Triacum aestivam on inoculation, but consider that they are unlikely to be naturally infected. DISEASE: Bacterial wilt of forage grasses. Symptoms usually first noticed at the heading stage, when young leaves curl and wither, and shoots remain stunted or may die. Other plants will continue to make poor growth and produce small, distorted inflorescences. Chlorotic and necrotic zones form on the older leaves along long stretches of vascular bundles, often extending into the sheaths. Bacterial streaming may be seen under the microscope from the cut ends of vascular bundles of infected tissue mounted in water. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: CMI Map 533, ed. 1, 1979 lists France, Germany, Switzerland and Wales, to which must be added Scotland (63, 2925), Belgium (61, 4199), Netherlands, Norway (62, 241), and New Zealand (62, 241). Possibly in USA (IL; 61, 5045) though this disease is currently attributed to a Rickettsia- like organism. TRANSMISSION: Within the crop transmission is presumed to be by the blades of mowing machines.

Microsphaera penicillata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Dry Seasons

Abstract A description is provided for Microsphaera penicillata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On species of Alnus, Betula, Syringa, Lathyrus, sweet peas and numerous other hosts (Saknon, 1900; Stevens, 1925; 39: 739; 41: 175) DISEASES: Powdery mildew of alder and lilac. Forms a white to grey floury appearance on the surface of broad leaves of many hard wood trees. It is more prevalent on sweet peas than Erysiphe pisi (CMI Descript. 155) in North America in spring when temperature and humidity are fluctuating. The foliage may be malformed, dropping prematurely or drying out and shrivelling. It is also prevalent on lilac in late summer and autumn, sometimes in dry seasons almost completely covering the foliage, but generally too late in the season to cause serious damage. Young leaves are more susceptible. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide on alder and lilac and occasionally occurring on numerous other hosts. Distributed generally in North America and Europe, also reported from Chile, China, India and Japan (Salmon, 1900, 39: 739; 41: 175). TRANSMISSION: Spores wind borne.

Diaporthe manihotis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Severe Attack ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Pale Green

Abstract A description is provided for Diaporthe manihotis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Manihot esculenta. DISEASE: Leaf spot of cassava (46, 64) or sometimes referred to as Phomopsis blight of tapioca (54, 2588). In the early stages of infection the visible symptoms are pale green, watersoaked, small round spots on young leaves and petioles which rapidly enlarge and turn brown. Severe attack leads to defoliation and infection spreading to the stem. Affected areas become shrivelled with numerous pycnidia embedded in the tissue. On severely infected stems the bark starts to peel off gradually leading to partial or total girdling. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Nigeria); Asia (India); Central America and West Indies (S.E. Dominica); South America (Colombia). TRANSMISSION: Probably by watersplash-dispersed conidia.

Septoria helianthi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Young Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria helianthi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Helianthus annuus, Helianthus grosseserratus and Helianthus rigidus. DISEASE: Leaf spot of sunflower. Yellowish spots up to 1.5 cm develop over the whole lamina, gradually turning necrotic and becoming almost black. The numerous pycnidia are mostly on the adaxial surface. The lesions have a polygonal outline, being sharply delimited by the veins. Infection may begin on the cotyledons and young leaves, spreading to later developing leaves. Severe attacks lead to defoliation and loss in yield. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Fairly widespread in E. Europe and the U.S.S.R. in Asia, China, Japan, Australia (Qd.); E. and S. Africa, N. America (CMI Map 468, ed. 1, 1970). TRANSMISSION: Overwintering occurs in host debris. Seed treatment is recommended although seed transmission does not appear to have been demonstrated. Introduction of the fungus into Hungary may have been via seed (43, 2013).

Phaeoisariopsis bonducellae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Caesalpinia Bonducella ◽  
Survival Mechanisms

Abstract A description is provided for Phaeoisariopsis bonducellae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Caesalpinia bonducella (Bonduc nut). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (India (Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal)). South America (Brazil). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air borne conidia. Survival mechanisms unknown.

Calonectria theae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Shade Tree ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Calonectria theae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia spp., Albizia, Camellia sinensis, Eucalyptus spp. and Rhododendron (Azalea). DISEASE: Causes the well-known 'Cercosporella disease' of tea bushes. Spots on young leaves are at first brown or black and in humid weather enlarge and coalesce. On mature leaves spots are at first black then grey or greyish-white with a purplish margin. On fully mature leaves spots are brown or black then turn greyish. Tea bushes may be severely defoliated. Also causes root discoloration but not mortality of azaleas (52, 1935). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Ceylon and USA. Other records are of doubtful authenticity TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and ascospores in Ceylon. Transmission from Acacia decurrens, used as a shade tree, frequently reported.

Phaeoisariopsis simulata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Survival Mechanisms

Abstract A description is provided for Phaeoisariopsis simulata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Species of Cassia including C. marylandica (American senna). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Tanzania), North America (U.S.A. (IL, KS, MA, AR)), Central America & West Indies (Puerto Rico), South America (Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air borne conidia. Survival mechanisms unknown.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. poae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Heading Stage

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. poae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Naturally infects Poa trivialis. By artificial inoculation Poafertilis and P. nemoralis are both moderately susceptible, P. annua rather less susceptible, and P. pratensis and P. compressa little or not at all affected. DISEASE: Bacterial wilt of rough stalked meadow grass (Poa trivialis). The symptoms are the same as those produced by X. campestris pv. graminis on other forage grasses. At the heading stage young leaves are seen to curl and wither, and shoots remain stunted or die. Some plants produce small, distorted inflorescences. Chlorotic and necrotic areas form along the vascular bundles of older leaves and often extend into their sheaths. Bacterial streaming is usually visible under the microscope. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Switzerland. Probably present but unrecognised in some other european countries. TRANSMISSION: Within the crop the main means of transmission is probably mowing machinery.

Phoma glomerata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Morgan-Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Fruit Spot

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma glomerata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Vitis vinifera; also on Citrus, Coniferae, Lycopersicon esculentum, Malluspumila, Solanum tuberosum. DISEASE: Blight of vine flowers and grapes. Secondary invader causing rot of tomato, potato tubers and citrus. Causes leaf and fruit spot of apple and damping off of conifers. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Egypt, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan); Asia (India, Iraq); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy Netherlands, Yugoslavia); N. America (Canada, United States). (Literature and Herb. IMI) TRANSMISSION: Seed and soil borne. Also survival on glumes, fruit and plant debris. Dissemination by rain.

Peronospora farinosa f. sp. betae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Systemic Leaf ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Pale Green

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora farinosa f. sp. betae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Beta spp., including the cultivated varieties of B. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, e.g. chard, fodder beet, mangold, red beet, spinach beet and sugar beet. DISEASE: Downy mildew of beet. Typical infection is systemic and the young leaves at the centre of the rosette are attacked. Infected leaves are at first pale green; they fail to expand fully, their colour changes to yellowish green, and they become swollen, brittle and are usually incurred. Conidia are formed in great profusion, first on the under surface of infected leaves but spreading to the upper surface in wet weather. After sporulation the leaves die prematurely. Some leaves are only partly infected; the tip remains healthy and the division between diseased and healthy tissue is sharply defined. Under humid conditions, early in the season, the fungus may cause a non-systemic leaf-spot on young plants. All aerial parts of the seed plant in its second year may become infected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Kenya, Morocco); Asia (Israel, USSR); Australasia (Australia, N.S.W., Victoria. New Zealand); Europe (widespread); North America (Canada, U.S.A.); South America (Argentina). Note that CMI Map No. 28, ed. 3, 1969, shows records of P. farinosa on Beta, Spinacia and Chenopodium spp. TRANSMISSION: The disease can be transmitted by oospores, perennial mycelium or by continual reinfection from living plants. Oospores, on debris in the ground, are a potential source of inoculum but have only been reported of economic importance on seed crops in France. Seed crops and groundkeepers can provide a source of living inoculum overwinter and this is the most common and economically important source of the fungus (Byford & Hull, 1967). Seed may be contaminated by oospores and mycelium and there is evidence that oospores on imported seed were responsible for the introduction of the disease into Australia (15, 193).

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