Rhytisma Acerinum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tar Spot ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Ornamental Trees

Abstract A description is provided for Rhytisma Acerinum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Many Acer spp., particularly A. pseudoplatanus in Europe and A. rubrum in North America. DISEASE: Causes tar spot of Acer spp. Stromata appear on living leaves during the summer, and the ascomata mature the following spring on the fragile decomposed fallen leaves. It apparently does not cause serious damage to the tree, but the black stromata are unsightly on ornamental trees. Many species of Acer are of horticultural importance. The disease can be controlled using copper and dithiocarbamate preparations (60, 2789), though burning of fallen leaves in autumn is simple and effective. In Italy, incidence of the disease is lower after a cold dry winter than a warm wet one (58, 5032). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Very widely distributed in north temperate regions. TRANSMISSION: Unknown: probably through ascospore dispersal into the air and direct infection of the leaves in humid weather.

Protoventuria elegantula. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Fallen Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Protoventuria elegantula (Gibbera elegantula). This species is apparently very mildly parasitic, found initially on living leaves, but not forming lesions, later on moribund, then dead fallen leaves, also on dead fruits. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (British Columbia), USA (Washington)), Europe (Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK)) and hosts (Vaccinium spp.). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.

Bifusella linearis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Pinus Albicaulis ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Tar Spot ◽  
Needle Blight

Abstract A description is provided for Bifusella linearis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pinus albicaulis, P. flexilis, P. monticola, P. strobus. DISEASE: Needle blight and needle cast of white pines, tar spot needle cast, Bifusella blight. The disease apparently occurs only under moist conditions, and since its effects are usually limited to defoliation of needles two or three years old, it is not devastating. Probably infects young needles but macrosymptoms do not show up until the following spring when needles become blighted from the tip part-way to the base. The disease tends to occur principally in the lower crown (47, 2867). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (Canada: British Columbia, Ontario, U.S.A. : California, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Washington, Wisconsin). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in wet or humid weather.

Diplocarpon rosae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Diplocarpon Rosae ◽  
Dispersal Mechanism ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Severe Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Diplocarpon rosae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Confined to members of the genus Rosa. DISEASE: Black spot of roses. More or less circular black lesions up to 1.5 cm diam. with radially fringed margins usually on the upper side of the leaf, which may be followed by chlorosis and leaf cast. Severe leaf cast may be followed by a further flush. Stem lesions occur as small indistinct black areas without a fringed margin and symptoms may occur on floral parts. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide in temperate and tropical zones (CMI Map 266, ed. 2, 1968). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by splash dispersed conidia formed in acervuli on infected leaves on the host or after they have been cast. A microconidial state (spermagonia) with a similar dispersal mechanism may occur on fallen leaves in the spring and autumn. Conidia lose viability rapidly, few surviving more than one month (24, 508). Overwintering is by saprophytic mycelium in cast foliage or infected stem tissues. The perfect state has been reported from Britain, North America and the USSR (51, 2590 and IMI 185129), where it is formed on infected cast foliage in the spring. Ascospores are forcibly ejected; they do not appear to be essential for the survival of the pathogen.

Phyllachora eleusines. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Tar Spot

Abstract A description is provided for Phyllachora eleusines. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Eleusine coracana, E. floccifolia, E. jaegeri, E. multiflora, Eragrostis amanda, E. braunii, E. curvula, E. superba (Gramineae). Unconfirmed records from a number of other species of Eleusine and Eragrostis. DISEASE: Tar spot of finger millet and related grasses. DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, Zaire. NORTH AMERICA: USA (Alabama, Georgia, Nebraska, New Mexico, Texas). SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Venezuela. AUSTRALASIA: Australia. TRANSMISSION: Not studied in detail, but morphological features agree with those of relatives which have been shown to disperse ascospores actively via air currents, possibly with secondary dispersal via water splash.

Phyllachora sylvatica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Tar Spot

Abstract A description is provided for Phyllachora sylvatica. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Dactylis glomerata, Distichlis maritima, D. spicata, D. stricta, Festuca dertonensis, F. dumetorum, F. duriuscula, F. elatior, F. idahoensis, F. megalura, F. occidentalis, F. ovina, F. pampeana, F. pilgeri, F. purpurascens, F. rubra (Gramineae). Records on Pharus, Spartina and Sporobolus (Gramineae) require confirmation. DISEASE: Tar spot of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Kenya. NORTH AMERICA: USA (California, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas). SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina (GABEL et al., 1999). AUSTRALASIA: New Zealand. EUROPE: France, Germany, Great Britain (England, Scotland), Italy, Sweden. A record from Venezuela (DENNIS, 1970) requires confirmation. TRANSMISSION: Not studied in detail, but morphological features agree with those of relatives which have been shown to disperse ascospores actively via air currents, possibly with secondary dispersal via water splash.

Uncinula bicornis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
The World ◽  
Fallen Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Uncinula bicornis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Acer pseudoplatanus and A. campestre. Also on A. catalpifolium, A. caudatum var. multiserratum, A. mono, A. monspessulanum, A. negundo, A. pictum, A. platanoides, A. rubrum, A. spicatum, A. tataricum. DISEASES: Powdery mildew of sycamore. Severe attacks may cause defoliation. Usually not damaging except to nursery stock. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in North America, Europe, Africa and Asia (35: 796; 41: 175) and also found in other parts of the world (Salmon, 1900). TRANSMISSION: Conidia and cleistothecia on fallen leaves are probably wind blown from one place to another.

Septoria pistaciae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Fruit Spot ◽  
Fallen Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria pistaciae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot. May cause leaf mortality and defoliation (TETEREVNIKOVA-BABAYAN, 1962). Septoria fruit spot (MICHAILIDES, 1997). HOSTS: Pistacia exotica, P. integerrima, P. lentiscus, P. vera (Anacardiaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: USA (California). ASIA: Armenia, Republic of Georgia, India, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Syria, Tadjikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. EUROPE: Albania, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: The fungus is transferred from infected plant debris by airborne or splash-dispersed conidia. Conidia of S. pistaciae overwinter on fallen leaves and in cracks of bark (TETEREVNIKOVA-BABAYAN, 1962).

ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CITHERONIA

1888 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
A. R. Grote
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution

I wish to draw particular attention to this genus and its allies. I have, in 1865, drawn a parallel between the group and the Hawk Moths, from the young stages and the peculiar pupation, and in my pamphlet on “the Hawk Moths of North America,” I hae discussed the probabilities of their relationship. But I here wish to point out that the group is American; that in America we may except to find old types among that portion of the fauna which is indigenous, pre-tertiary, and to this Citrheronia belongs.

Ramularia armoraciae. [Distribution map].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Armoracia Rusticana ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ramularia armoraciae Fuckel. Hosts: Horse-radish (Armoracia rusticana). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Kenya, ASIA, India (Jammu and Kashmir), USSR (Kirghizia; Siberia), EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland (Saccardo), Germany, Italy (Ferraris), Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, USSR (Latvia; Lithuania; Estonia), NORTH AMERICA, Canada, USA.

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