Diplocarpon rosae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Diplocarpon Rosae ◽  
Dispersal Mechanism ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Severe Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Diplocarpon rosae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Confined to members of the genus Rosa. DISEASE: Black spot of roses. More or less circular black lesions up to 1.5 cm diam. with radially fringed margins usually on the upper side of the leaf, which may be followed by chlorosis and leaf cast. Severe leaf cast may be followed by a further flush. Stem lesions occur as small indistinct black areas without a fringed margin and symptoms may occur on floral parts. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide in temperate and tropical zones (CMI Map 266, ed. 2, 1968). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by splash dispersed conidia formed in acervuli on infected leaves on the host or after they have been cast. A microconidial state (spermagonia) with a similar dispersal mechanism may occur on fallen leaves in the spring and autumn. Conidia lose viability rapidly, few surviving more than one month (24, 508). Overwintering is by saprophytic mycelium in cast foliage or infected stem tissues. The perfect state has been reported from Britain, North America and the USSR (51, 2590 and IMI 185129), where it is formed on infected cast foliage in the spring. Ascospores are forcibly ejected; they do not appear to be essential for the survival of the pathogen.

Protoventuria elegantula. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Fallen Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Protoventuria elegantula (Gibbera elegantula). This species is apparently very mildly parasitic, found initially on living leaves, but not forming lesions, later on moribund, then dead fallen leaves, also on dead fruits. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (British Columbia), USA (Washington)), Europe (Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK)) and hosts (Vaccinium spp.). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.

Diplocarpon earliana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Diplocarpon earliana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Fragaria. DISEASE: Strawberry leaf scorch. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Throughout temperate zones and extending into the tropics in Malaysia, Taiwan, Australia and New Guinea; Africa (Rhodesia, Zambia, South Africa, Canary Islands); Europe (except Ireland, Spain, Sweden, Russia); North America (Canada, USA, Jamaica); South America (Brazil, Uruguay); Asia (Armenia, Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, W. Malaysia). Appears to be most important in USA and eastern Europe (CMI Map 452, ed. 1, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by splash dispersal of conidia from infected leaves. Ascospores appear to be unimportant and in some regions (Poland; 46, 2074) where the perfect state has not been found.

Rhytisma Acerinum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tar Spot ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Ornamental Trees

Abstract A description is provided for Rhytisma Acerinum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Many Acer spp., particularly A. pseudoplatanus in Europe and A. rubrum in North America. DISEASE: Causes tar spot of Acer spp. Stromata appear on living leaves during the summer, and the ascomata mature the following spring on the fragile decomposed fallen leaves. It apparently does not cause serious damage to the tree, but the black stromata are unsightly on ornamental trees. Many species of Acer are of horticultural importance. The disease can be controlled using copper and dithiocarbamate preparations (60, 2789), though burning of fallen leaves in autumn is simple and effective. In Italy, incidence of the disease is lower after a cold dry winter than a warm wet one (58, 5032). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Very widely distributed in north temperate regions. TRANSMISSION: Unknown: probably through ascospore dispersal into the air and direct infection of the leaves in humid weather.

Elsinoe veneta. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Ascospore Release

Abstract A description is provided for Elsinoe veneta. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Rubus spp., especially on European and American red raspberries (R. idaeus and R. idaeus var. oculentissimus), black raspberry (R. occidentalis) and on loganberries, boysenberries, youngberries, etc. (R. ursinus, R. villosus, R. vitifolius) and the European bramble (R. fruticosus). DISEASE: Cane spot or anthracnose of raspberry causing dwarfing of canes and often dieback from the tip. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, occurring especially in cooler temperate areas of North America, W. Europe and Australia (CMI Map 503, ed. 1, 1974). TRANSMISSION: Initially by wind-borne ascospores from overwintered fruiting bodies. Ascospore release usually continuing during spring-early summer (Burkholder; Jones) or until autumn (Harris; 37, 201). Also initially by rain-splashed conidia from mycelium in overwintered lesions (Burkholder; 6, 740; 42, 332). Secondary infection by conidia from current season's lesions. Role of perfect state uncertain in some areas (Burkholder; 42, 622; 43, 2354).

scholarly journals Distribution of Rose Black Spot (Diplocarpon rosae) Genetic Diversity in Eastern North America Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and Implications for Resistance Screening

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vance M. Whitaker ◽  
Stan C. Hokanson ◽  
James Bradeen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Diplocarpon Rosae

Black spot, incited by the fungus Diplocarpon rosae Wolf, is the most significant disease problem of landscape roses (Rosa hybrida L.) worldwide. The documented presence of pathogenic races necessitates that rose breeders screen germplasm with isolates that represent the range of D. rosae diversity for their target region. The objectives of this study were to characterize the genetic diversity of single-spore isolates from eastern North America and to examine their distribution according to geographic origin, host of origin, and race. Fifty isolates of D. rosae were collected from roses representing multiple horticultural classes in disparate locations across eastern North America and analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism. Considerable marker diversity among isolates was discovered, although phenetic and cladistic analyses revealed no significant clustering according to host of origin or race. Some clustering within collection locations suggested short-distance dispersal through asexual conidia. Lack of clustering resulting from geographic origin was consistent with movement of D. rosae on vegetatively propagated roses. Results suggest that field screening for black spot resistance in multiple locations may not be necessary; however, controlled inoculations with single-spore isolates representing known races is desirable as a result of the inherent limitations of field screening.

Mycosphaerella macrospora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Small Water ◽  
America South

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella macrospora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Iris, Glodiolus; also recorded from Narcissus, Freesia and Hemerocallis. DISEASE: Leaf spot or blotch of iris. Initially, symptoms appear as small water-soaked spots soon turning brown and enlarging to produce oval lesions with a greyish centre and dark brown margin. These become irregular and coalesce and may destroy much of the leaf tissue. The disease is most serious after flowering and on the distal portions of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, North America, South Africa, Australia and Middle East. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed by wind and rain. Overwintering infected leaf debris is an important source of spring inoculum. The perfect state appears to be uncommon.

Uncinula bicornis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
The World ◽  
Fallen Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Uncinula bicornis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Acer pseudoplatanus and A. campestre. Also on A. catalpifolium, A. caudatum var. multiserratum, A. mono, A. monspessulanum, A. negundo, A. pictum, A. platanoides, A. rubrum, A. spicatum, A. tataricum. DISEASES: Powdery mildew of sycamore. Severe attacks may cause defoliation. Usually not damaging except to nursery stock. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in North America, Europe, Africa and Asia (35: 796; 41: 175) and also found in other parts of the world (Salmon, 1900). TRANSMISSION: Conidia and cleistothecia on fallen leaves are probably wind blown from one place to another.

Septoria pistaciae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Fruit Spot ◽  
Fallen Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria pistaciae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot. May cause leaf mortality and defoliation (TETEREVNIKOVA-BABAYAN, 1962). Septoria fruit spot (MICHAILIDES, 1997). HOSTS: Pistacia exotica, P. integerrima, P. lentiscus, P. vera (Anacardiaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: USA (California). ASIA: Armenia, Republic of Georgia, India, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Syria, Tadjikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. EUROPE: Albania, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: The fungus is transferred from infected plant debris by airborne or splash-dispersed conidia. Conidia of S. pistaciae overwinter on fallen leaves and in cracks of bark (TETEREVNIKOVA-BABAYAN, 1962).

Xanthomonas pruni. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Leaf Infection ◽  
Southern Rhodesia ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Means Of Transmission

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas pruni. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Prunus amygdalus, P. armeniaca, P. avium, P. cerasus, P. davidiana, P. domestica, P. japonica, P. mume, P. persica, P. salicina and other species of Prunus (30: 48; Elliott, 31: 105, p. 114). DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot on leaves, twigs and fruit of plum, peach, apricot and cherry; black spot of plum and peach; bacterial shot-hole of leaves. Previously referred to in earlier literature as bacterial canker of stone fruits, name now reserved for the disease caused by Pseudomonas morsprunorum and P. syringae. Shot-hole on the leaves of trees infected by X. pruni differs from that of fungal origin by the presence of bacterial ooze and in the shape of the leaf perforations which are generally irregular or elongated instead of round (35: 530). Atypical symptoms have been reported on peach leaves (19: 292). Symptoms on cherry fruit differ from those on peach and plum (14: 178). Branch cankers on peach are shallow and do not become perennial as on plum. On peach they were not observed to girdle the stem (10: 224). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Southern Rhodesia, South Africa); Asia (China, India, Japan, Korea, U.S.S.R.): Australasia (Australia, New Zealand), Europe (Cyprus, Italy, Romania); North America (Bermuda, Canada, U.S.A.): South America (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay). In the U.S.A. the disease occurs on stone fruits in at least 26 States (30: 48; CMI Map 340, Ed. 2, 1964). TRANSMISSION: Xanthomonas pruni is disseminated by wind and rain (29: 218). The pathogen enters leaves through the stomata, and fruit infection appears to follow that of the leaves, probably as a result of leaf drop during rainy spells (7: 76). Primary leaf infection on peach originates in twigs with spring cankers (Thornberry & Anderson, 1933) or terminal die-back in which the pathogen overwinters (39: 600). Summer cankers on peach are only important under certain conditions for initiating spring infection (34: 732, 379), but on plum and apricot they play a more permanent role since the infection originating in the current season's twigs continues to develop in them during the following spring (Anderson, 1956). Overwintering on plum buds and fallen leaves has also been reported (41: 608). Species of Cicada may damage the bark of plum in New Zealand and thus provide points of entry (32: 322). The chief means of transmission of the pathogen in New Zealand is in budwood and root-stocks (42: 202).

Septoria gladioli. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Far East ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Soil Mycelium

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria gladioli. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Hard rot (ANON., 1984), leaf spot and black spot on corm scales. HOSTS: Acidanthera spp., Crocus angustifolius (syn. : C. susianus), Freesia refracta, Gladiolus byzantinus, G. communis, G. dubius, G. gandavensis, G. hybridus, G. illyricus, G. imbricatus, G. inarmensis, G. italicus, (syn. : G. segetum), G. neglectus, G. palustris (Iridaceae). [Type host - Gladiolus italicus (syn. : G. segetum).] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Algeria. Asia: Armenia, Republic of Georgia, India, Iran, Russia (Far East), Syria, Turkmenistan. Atlantic Islands: Canary Islands. Central America: Costa Rica. Europe: Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Eire, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Hungary, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine. North America: Canada, USA. South America: Argentina. TRANSMISSION: Three different distribution paths are known for this fungus: old corm to new corm, or mother corm to daughter corm infection; infection of corms or cormlets from infected débris in the soil (mycelium infection); secondary spread by means of spores from plants, in plantings of cormlets and seedlings (STONE, 1958).

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