Naemacyclus niveus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pinus Brutia ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Naemacyclus niveus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pinus brutia, P. halepensis, P. Iaricio, P. maritima, P. monophylla, P. mugo, P. nigra, P. nigra var. austriaca, P. pinaster, P. ponderosa, P. thunbergii. DISEASE: Probably only weakly parasitic. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid or wet weather.

Lophodermium conigenum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Pinus Brutia ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Lophodermium conigenum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Mainly Diploxylon (two-three needle) pines, including Pinus brutia, P. densiflora, P. montana, P. mugo, P. nigra, P. resinosa, P. sylvestris, P. tabuliformis, P. contorta, P. halepensis, P. pinea and P. radiata. Has also been recorded from Haploxylon (five needle) pines. DISEASE: Needle cast of pines. Lophodermium conigenum inhabits green needles on the tree, producing no symptoms. When a branch bearing such needles is killed by an agent other than the fungus, L. conigenum fruits seprophytically on the needles. It causes no significant damage to the tree. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in Europe, a couple of records from the USA (east coast and Michigan) where it is apparently not common, New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in wet weather/humid conditions.

Ascochyta desmazieresii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Irish Republic

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta desmazieresii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne. DISEASE: Glume and leaf spot of Italian and perennial ryegrasses. At first leaf lesions start as small purplish or chocolate-brown spots with a distinct red-purple margin. With time these enlarge, become irregular or elliptical, up to 5 mm long and distinctly visible on both sides of the leaves. Finally the centres of older lesions fade to fawn to straw yellow with numerous pycnidia immersed within the leaf tissue on both sides of the leaves but usually abundant pycnidia occur on the lower side. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan); Europe (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Irish Republic, UK); N. America (USA, California, Oregon, Washington); S. America (Chile, Brazil). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported; infection is presumably spread by air-borne conidia in wet weather or heavy dews. The fungus is also probably carried over on crop residues and debris in soil.

Septoria antirrhini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria antirrhini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot, leaf drying, defoliation. HOSTS: Antirrhinum antirrhiniflorum, A. majus, A. siculum (Scrophulariaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. SOUTH AMERICA: Chile, Colombia. ASIA: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Israel. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by airborne, splash-dispersed conidia from infected plant debris and seed stocks. The disease is significantly more severe under wet weather conditions (SINADSKIY et al., 1985).

Ascochyta allii-cepae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta allii-cepae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Allium cepa cv. Hygro, A. cepa cv. Jumbo (Alliaceae/Liliaceae). DISEASE: Leaf tip blotch and die back of onion (65, 490). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (U.K.). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by water dispersed conidia during wet weather.

Xanthomonas ricini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Dark Green

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas ricini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ricinus communis. DISEASE: Normally a leaf spot disease in which the bacteria are confined to the parenchymatous tissues. The tiny, dark green, water-soaked spots expand and become brownish, angular and necrotic. They may coalesce to form larger necrotic areas and badly infected leaves become chlorotic and may drop. Occasionally petioles and succulent branches have minute oval or linear spots. Sabet (40, 334) obtained atypical symptoms from inoculation of buds. When the leaves opened, the main veins became infected and tissues dependent on infected veins became yellow and flaccid and finally withered. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Scattered, more or las world-wide (CMI Map 394, ed. 1, 1962). Extra references include Hong Kong (43, 345), Poland (48, 554b), Zambia and confirmation of Kenya. TRANSMISSION: Probably in wind and rain; it is rapid in wet weather. One report suggests that it is also seedborne (33, 181).

Septoria cucurbitacearum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Bryonia Dioica ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Vegetable Marrow ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Cucurbita Ficifolia

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria cucurbitacearum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cucumis melo, C. sativus, Cucurbita ficifolia (=C. melanosperma), C. maxima, C. moschata, C. pepo and Bryonia dioica (=B. cretica). DISEASE: Leaf spot of cantaloupe, cucumber, melon, pumpkin, squash and vegetable marrow. The visible symptoms are circular, olive brown lesions, prominent on the upper surface of the leaves. With the progress of the disease the spots enlarge, usually reaching 3-5 mm diam., occasionally 8 mm wide and soon dry up. Older lesions tend to turn white revealing several pycnidia embedded within the tissue. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Zambia); Australasia & Oceania (Australia); Europe (Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Rumania, USSR); North America (USA, Delaware, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by conidia disseminated by water splash in wet weather or heavy dews.

Phaeoseptoria vermiformis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Phaeoseptoria vermiformis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Triticale (Triticum × Secale), Avena (oats) and Triticum (wheat). DISEASE: Leaf spot of Triticale, wheat and oats. Lesions on leaves are irregular to elliptical, light brown to straw yellow. As infection progresses lesions enlarge to form blotches extending to the margins of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: East Africa and North America (Mexico, Patzcuaro). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by conidia dispersed by water splash in wet weather or heavy dews. So far the mode of infection under natural conditions and the spread of the disease have not been investigated. It has been suggested that P. vermiformis might persist on native grasses in the field and this could serve as a source of inoculum in addition to the infected stubble or debris left over from previous years crop.

Phacidium infestans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
One Year

Abstract A description is provided for Phacidium infestans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pinus sylvestris. DISEASE: Snow blight of pine. Ascospores released in September and October (45, 774) infect current year's needles. The depth of snow cover the following winter determines the proportion of needles showing symptoms (39, 250) which are, the following spring, a distinctive reddish-brown resulting from the destruction of chlorophyll (40, 635). Apothecia are produced on the discoloured needles, and usually complete the cycle in one year. Disease severity may be lessened by other ground vegetation, especially Calluna vulgaris and Vaccinium spp. (50, 2009). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Turkey, USSR: Siberia), Europe (Finland, France, Norway, Sweden, USSR: Estonia). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid or wet weather.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Stem Cankers ◽  
Sea Area

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Corylus avellana, C. maxima and C. rostrata (syn. C. californica). On inoculation C. colurna is also infected. DISEASE: Bacterial blight or bacteriosis of filbert or hazel nut trees. Leaf spots, bud and twig necroses and stem cankers are produced. The cankers may girdle branches or even trunks of young trees and cause death above. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Turkey (Black Sea area 54, 578), Australia (Vict. 60, 6677), England (59, 3913), France (56, 86), Italy (64, 4520), Yugoslavia (37: 125), USA (OR, WA), Chile (culture received at CMI), and apparently USSR (58, 4044). TRANSMISSION: Bacteria overwinter in cankers on branches and in buds, and spread to other parts of the tree in wet weather. Limited spread from tree to tree takes place by water splash. Man is an important vector especially during pruning activities on young trees. He is also responsible for the introduction of the disease into new areas.

Xanthomonas oryzicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Oryza Saliva ◽  
Leersia Hexandra ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Bacterial Exudate

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas oryzicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Oryza saliva. Some weed species of Oryza have also been reported to be susceptible (45, i789). Weakly pathogenic to Leersia hexandra by artificial inoculation. DISEASE: Bacterial leaf streak of rice. Narrow, dark greenish, water-soaked streaks of various lengths appear between the veins. Minute amber droplets of bacterial exudate are commonly found on these lesions. Later the lesions extend and coalesce giving large brownish patches. In the late stages symptoms are difficult to distinguish from bacterial leaf blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Confined to tropical Asia. Reported from China, India, Philippines, Thailand and West Malaysia (CMI Map 463 and 49, 144).TRANSMISSION: The pathogen spreads within a crop in surface moisture and may enter the leaf through minor abrasions or stomata. Warm wet weather is favourable to both spread and development of the tisease. Introduction into new areas can occur in seed from infected plants (48, 1693).

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