Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Stem Cankers ◽  
Sea Area

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Corylus avellana, C. maxima and C. rostrata (syn. C. californica). On inoculation C. colurna is also infected. DISEASE: Bacterial blight or bacteriosis of filbert or hazel nut trees. Leaf spots, bud and twig necroses and stem cankers are produced. The cankers may girdle branches or even trunks of young trees and cause death above. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Turkey (Black Sea area 54, 578), Australia (Vict. 60, 6677), England (59, 3913), France (56, 86), Italy (64, 4520), Yugoslavia (37: 125), USA (OR, WA), Chile (culture received at CMI), and apparently USSR (58, 4044). TRANSMISSION: Bacteria overwinter in cankers on branches and in buds, and spread to other parts of the tree in wet weather. Limited spread from tree to tree takes place by water splash. Man is an important vector especially during pruning activities on young trees. He is also responsible for the introduction of the disease into new areas.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina. [Distribution map].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina (Miller et al.) Dye. Hosts: hazelnuts (Corylus avellana), Corylus maxima, C. rostrata. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Algeria, ASIA, Turkey, Black Sea region, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, Victoria, EUROPE, Denmark, France, Italy, Russia: Black Sea region, Spain, UK, England, former Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, USA, SOUTH AMERICA, Chile.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Olive Green

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Sesamum indicum (Pedaliaceae). DISEASE: Bacterial blight of sesame or simsim; known as 'Marad ed Dum' in the Sudan. Mainly a leaf spot disease, this starts as tiny dark olive green spots, which increase in size, becoming dark red-brown to black, and about 2-3 mm. They may be rounded or angular, and may coalesce to involve larger areas of leaf. Stems and capsules may also be infected, having oval, slightly raised, dark red-brown lesions. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Sudan and India (CMI Map 494, ed 2, 1973) to which must be added Venezuela, now confirmed (54, 524; 56, 2615). TRANSMISSION: Within a crop by water splash, wind-driven rain etc. ; from one area to another by seed transmission (47, 593). Survival in seed is up to 16 months (51, 400), in soil up to 6 months.

Cercospora duddiae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Necrotic Tissue ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora duddiae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Allium ascalonicum, A. cepa, A. fistulosum, A porrum, A. sativum. DISEASE: Leaf spot or withertip on onion and garlic. The symptoms vary on the different host species. On onion circular, chlorotic spots 3-5 mm diam. form mainly on the tip of the leaf, gradually decreasing in number towards the leaf base. The lesions at the leaf tip coalesce, forming a dry greyish-brown area, and in severe cases the entire leaf tip may be killed. The base of the leaf is mottled with brown necrotic leaf spots. Eventually the necrotic tissue may spread down the leaf surface, delimited by a narrow band (3 mm) of chlorotic tissue (Welles, 1923). Rarely does the disease cause much damage (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Mauritius, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Uganda; Asia: Borneo, Brunei, Burma, India, Indonesia, Oman, The Yemen; Australasia: Papua New Guinea; North America: West Indies (Barbados, Jamaica). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne or water-splash dispersed conidia, and by transportation with onion parts. The fungus is also reported to be seed borne (Chupp & Sherf, 1960).

Pseudocercospora timorensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora timorensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), I. biloba, I. campanulata, I. cordofana, I. muricata, I. peltata, I. setifera.DISEASE: Leaf spot or brown leaf spot of sweet potato. Small circular lesions first form on the leaf borders and tips before spreading over the leaf surface. These leaf spots enlarge becoming brown to dark brown in colour with a verruculose surface. The larger leaf veins may delimit the spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: most countries; Asia: Hong-Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan; Australasia: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands; North America: West Indies (St Lucia). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia.

Septoria cucurbitacearum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Bryonia Dioica ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Vegetable Marrow ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Cucurbita Ficifolia

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria cucurbitacearum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cucumis melo, C. sativus, Cucurbita ficifolia (=C. melanosperma), C. maxima, C. moschata, C. pepo and Bryonia dioica (=B. cretica). DISEASE: Leaf spot of cantaloupe, cucumber, melon, pumpkin, squash and vegetable marrow. The visible symptoms are circular, olive brown lesions, prominent on the upper surface of the leaves. With the progress of the disease the spots enlarge, usually reaching 3-5 mm diam., occasionally 8 mm wide and soon dry up. Older lesions tend to turn white revealing several pycnidia embedded within the tissue. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Zambia); Australasia & Oceania (Australia); Europe (Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Rumania, USSR); North America (USA, Delaware, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by conidia disseminated by water splash in wet weather or heavy dews.

Xylophilus ampelinus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Xylophilus Ampelinus

Abstract A description is provided for Xylophilus ampelinus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Vitis vinifera. DISEASE: Bacterial blight of the grapevine; 'Tsilik marasi' in Greece; 'Maladie d'Oleron' in France; 'Mel nero' in Italy; 'Vlamsiekte' in South Africa. In early spring buds on infected spurs fail to open or make stunted growth which eventually dies. Affected spurs often appear slightly swollen because of hyperplasia of the cambial tissue. Cracks appear along such spurs and enlarge to form cankers. Young shoots may develop pale yellowish-green spots on the lowest internodes. These expand upwards on the shoot, darken, crack and develop into cankers. Cracks and later cankers also form on more woody branches later in spring. In summer, cankers are often seen on the sides of petioles causing a characteristic one-sided necrosis of the leaf. They may also appear on main and secondary flower and fruit stalks. Leaf spots and marginal necrosis sometimes occur. Gum formation is not necessarily a symptom. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, France, Greece (including Crete), Italy (including Sardinia and Sicily), Spain, Turkey (68, 367). (IMI Distribution Map 531, ed 2, 1986). TRANSMISSION: Bacteria are carried by moisture to wounds, leaf scars and other sites where infection may take place. Primary infection can take place without wounding. Grafting and pruning can cause much spread of the disease. Overhead irrigation contributes to spread and development (51, 551). Observations indicate that sources of infection survive in vines even after removal of visibly infected parts.

Gibberella baccata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Soil Transmission ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Twig Blight ◽  
Ornamental Shrubs

Abstract A description is provided for Gibberella baccata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Buxus, Citrus, Juglans, Pinus and many other, usually woody, hosts but it may attack cereals and cause leaf spots and ultimate dieback on some ornamental shrubs. DISEASES: Dieback, bud blight, twig blight or canker, pitch canker of Pinus species (Berry & Hepting, 1969), collar rot of coffee, fusariosis of olive, megare or bud blight of Morus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide on woody hosts, infrequently recorded on seeds or from soil. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne spores (chiefly ascospores) or by water splash.

Phaeoseptoria vermiformis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Phaeoseptoria vermiformis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Triticale (Triticum × Secale), Avena (oats) and Triticum (wheat). DISEASE: Leaf spot of Triticale, wheat and oats. Lesions on leaves are irregular to elliptical, light brown to straw yellow. As infection progresses lesions enlarge to form blotches extending to the margins of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: East Africa and North America (Mexico, Patzcuaro). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by conidia dispersed by water splash in wet weather or heavy dews. So far the mode of infection under natural conditions and the spread of the disease have not been investigated. It has been suggested that P. vermiformis might persist on native grasses in the field and this could serve as a source of inoculum in addition to the infected stubble or debris left over from previous years crop.

Septoria vignae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria vignae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) (= V. sinensis); also on V. lanceolata. DISEASE: Leaf spots of cowpea. The visible symptoms are chocolate brown to rust brown spots, paler below with pale or whitish centres. The spots are amphigenous but more prominent on the upper side of the leaf, usually rounded or irregular, up to 6 mm wide, occasionally coalescing to form larger spots with well defined margins. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Botswana, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe); Asia (India, Hong Kong); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, Queensland, New South Wales); South America (Brazil, Bahia). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported; presumably by conidia dispersed by water splash. The fungus might overwinter on crop debris left in the field.

Mycosphaerella henningsii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Lower Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Leaf Veins ◽  
Severe Infections

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella henningsii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Manihot esculenta (cassava, manioc), M. glaziovii (manicoba, ceara rubber), M. palmata and, under laboratory conditions, Ipomoea sp. (36: 82). DISEASE: Brown leaf spot, sometimes referred to as leaf blight of cassava. At first the lesions start as small circular greenish yellow spots. These enlarge and become angular as they are delimited by the major leaf veins; on the upper leaf surface the spots are tan to light tan, 1-8 mm diam. with a dark brown slightly raised border. Minor leaf veins crossing the leaf spot are seen as black necrotic lines. In severe infections the leaf spots are surrounded by a yellow halo caused by a toxin produced by the advancing mycelium (Teri et al., 1977). On the lower leaf surface the spots are less distinct. Eventually the lesions may coalesce, and cause premature defoliation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Generally found wherever cassava is cultivated (Teri, 1977). Africa: most countries; Asia: Jordan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand; North America: Dominican Republic, USA (Florida); South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Probably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia. During the dry season the fungus survives on the crop debris.

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