Pezizella oenotherae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Paeonia Suffruticosa ◽  
Epilobium Angustifolium

Abstract A description is provided for Pezizella oenotherae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acer pseudoplatanus, Ampelopsis, Calluna, Castanea, Cercis, Cornus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Dissotis paucistellata, Duchesnia, Epilobium angustifolium, Eucalyptus robusta, E. saligna, Fagus sylvatica, Fragaria vesca, Gaultheria, Gaura, Hicoria, Jambosa, Lythrum, Nyssa, Oenothera, Paeonia suffruticosa, Pelargonium, Populus, Potentilla, Prunus, Quercus, Rhododendron, Rhus, Ribes, Rosa sentifolia, Rubus, Salix, Smilax, Ulmus, Vitis. DISEASE: Black lesion root rot of strawberry, strawberry fruit rot, strawberry leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide. Europe (UK, Germany, Cyprus); Africa, (Malawi, Guinea, Zambia); N. America (USA, Canada); Asia (India, Singapore, Korea, Malaysia, Israel); Australia, New Zealand.

Phytophthora nicotianae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora nicotianae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Principally Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Capsicum annuum and Citrus sp. A very large number of other agricultural and ornamental crops, both temperate and tropical, are also affected, including avocado, strawberry, pineapple, papaya, guava, eggplant and durian. DISEASE: Blackshank of tobacco, buckeye of tomato, root and fruit rot of capsicum, root rot of citrus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, but particularly common in the tropics and sub-tropics. TRANSMISSION: By zoospores in surface water and rainsplash. Chlamydospores (and oospores, when formed) act as perennating structures.

Rhizopus stolonifer. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Artocarpus Integrifolia

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus stolonifer. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On fruits: papaya, plum, strawberry, sweet potato, cotton, groundnuts and in rhizosphere soil of various plants, soil and decaying leaves. DISEASE: Causing fruit rot of plum, Jak fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia[Artocarpus integer]), strawberry ('leak'), peach and a rot of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and cotton bolls. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Air-borne and also by fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, associated with decaying fruit (RAM 43, 576).

Sphaerotheca macularis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Conidial State ◽  
Sphaerotheca Macularis

Abstract A description is provided for Sphaerotheca macularis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Humulus lupulus and many other plants, e.g. Fragaria vesca, especially in the Rosaceae (Junell, 1967; Blumer, 1967; Dennis, 1960). The fungus usually occurs in the conidial state on leaves and stems, sometimes also on sepals and fruits. DISEASE: Hop and strawberry mildew. Mostly infecting nursery plants. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide on Fragaria spp. and Humulus spp. TRANSMISSION: New infection in spring (usually May) comes from dormant mycelium in the leaves (41: 161; 45: 1443).

Rhizopus oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Vascular Involvement ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Diabetic Rabbits

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: In air, soil, compost, and pathogenic for plants, man and other warm blooded animals. DISEASE: Plants: Often in association with R. stolonifer or other fungi, causes pale brown soft rot of fruit, vegetables and bulbs, especially rot of sweet potatoes (Harter et al., 1921; Lauritzen & Harter, 1925; 52, 4179 (as R. nodosus)), root rot of sugar beet (Hildebrand & Koch, 1943; Gaskill & Seliskar, 1952; 52, 1718) and seed-bed losses in groundnuts (Gibson & Clinton, 1953). Also, again in association as above, causes storage rot of many plant products (53, 99) including soyabean seed (54, 1959). Man and animals: Cause of rhinocerebral phycomycosis, sometimes with ocular or vascular involvement in man, particularly diabetics (RMVM 6, 504, 3028; 5, 1426; 8, 2113; 9, 2410). Also reported from bovine mycotic abortion (Nicolet et al., 1966) and from mycotic pneumonia in chicks (RMVM 7, 1861). Has been used in experimental infection of mice, thyroidectomized rats (RMVM 6, 2119) and alloxan-diabetic rabbits (RMVM 7, 2628). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.

Phytophthora cinnamomi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
High Moisture Level ◽  
English Walnut ◽  
Fallen Fruit ◽  
Variable Water

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora cinnamomi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ananas, Cinchona, Cinnamomum, Castanea, Erica, Persea, Pinus, Rhododendron, and over 100 othor host species including beech, oak, walnut, conifers, avocado, pineapple, cinnamon, Erica, rhododendron, Lawson cypress, English walnut, Irish yew, Douglas fir (Thorn & Zentmyer, 1954, Rangaswami, 1962 and Herb. IMI). DISEASES: Causes 'ink' disease of chestnut in conjunction with P. cambivora and also root rot of many other trees, beech, oak, walnut and conifers, both in the nursery and forest, avocado root rot, pineapple root and heart rot, stripe canker of cinnamon, Erica wilt, root rot of rhododendron and many other ornamentals. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. (CMI Map 302, ed. 2, 1963.) TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Persisting up to 10 yr. in naturally infested soil planted with macadamia and avocado seedlings, and remaining viable in dead avocado roots stored in soil for 6 yr. at 20% moisture at 20°C. (Zentmyer & Mircetich, 1963). Soil maybe penetrated to a depth of 2-4 feet (34: 4). Movement of nursery plants with infested soil adhering to their roots may also spread the pathogen (3: 245). Soils with poor drainage and a high moisture level or variable water table favour the pathogen (45, 3027; 42: 162; 34: 4) and zoospores may be disseminated by movement of soil water (41: 490; 43, 2753). Phytophthora cinnamomi may also be seed-borne in seed derived from wind-fallen fruit which has become infected from contact with infested soil (Durbin et al., 1957).

Colletotrichum coccodes. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elizabeth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Black Dot ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Carry Over

Abstract A description is provided for Colletotrichum coccodes. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum tuberosum and over 35 other hosts, representing 13 families chiefly in the Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae and Solanaceae (Cheaters & Hornby, 1965). Also on onion and strawberry on inoculation (36: 45). DISEASES: Black dot of potato and tomato, anthracnose of fruits of tomato, chilli (Capsicum) and squash. Causes a distinctive cortical brown rot of stems and roots of potato and tomato, chilli, eggplant and winter cherry (Solanum capsicastrum). The roots of other less susceptible hosts including chrysanthemum, white mustard, cress, cabbage, and lettuce are only lightly colonized, and the infected plants may be symptomless. Commonly causes destruction of cortical tissues of stems and roots of hosts, also fruit rot of tomato. On potato, black dot on stem root, and tuber, sometimes associated with leaf scorch (31: 574), skin necrosis (38: 621), rubbery tuber wilt (41: 670) and spindle sprout (35: 540, 918). Enzymes secreted by the pathogen are responsible for foot and root rot stages; wilting of aerial organs is a remote effect of operation of toxins (35: 541). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, and N., C., and S. America. (CMI Map l90) TRANSMISSION: Soil borne, but no rapid or extensive growth of hyphae through soil; survival probably only in decaying roots and other trash and on weed hosts. Infection occurs when living roots grow in contact with organic material harbouring the pathogen (32: 608; 36: 502, 719). Sclerotia overwinter on trash and develop into acervuli in spring (38: 478); they survive up to 84 wks. in greenhouse soil (45, 3066). In potato, transmission is from infected plants through the daughter tubers, and incidence of infection increases during storage; new plants are infected from dead material by conidia (35: 541; 34: 480). Persistence on weeds such as Solanum dulcamara and S. nigrum maybe implicated in carry-over from potato to tomato crops (45, 1204).

Glomerella cingulata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Glomerella Cingulata ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Glomerella cingulata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Reported frequently an Annona, apple, avocado, banana, cacao, Camellia, Capsicum, cherry, citrus (grapefruit, lemon, lime, orange), coffee, lupin, mango, papaw, pear, Piper, rubber, tea, tomato, vine, yams; also on many other cultivated and wild plants. DISEASE: Anthracnose of stems and leaves, dieback, root rot, leaf spot, blossom rot, fruit rot (dieback and ripe rot), seedling blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide, though more abundant in tropics and subtropics than in temperate regions. TRANSMISSION: Persists on and in seed, trash and weed hosts and is dispersed locally by water splash, air currents, insects or other form of contact. Frequently isolated from soil.

Fusarium equiseti. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tuber Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium equiseti. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Fusarium equiseti has been isolated from a wide range of hosts, especially tropical hosts belonging to the following genera: Agave, Allium, Apium, Arachis, Beta, Brassica, Cajanus, Carica, Chrysanthemum, Cicer, Citrullus, Citrus, Cocos, Coffea, Cola, Crotalaria, Cucumis, Cucurbita, Cupressus, Daucus, Dianthus, Elaeis, Eucalyptus, Ficus, Fragaria, Glycine, Gossypium, Helianthus, Hevea, Hordeum, Linum, Luffa, Lycopersicon, Macadamia, Mangifera, Manihot, Musa, Nicotiana, Oryza, Panicum, Papaver, Pennisetum, Phaseolus, Pinus, Pisum, Prunus, Pyrus, Rosa, Solanum, Sorghum, Theobroma, Trifolium, Triticum, Vicia, Vigna, Zea, Zingiber; also widespread in soil. DISEASE: Pathogenic to cucurbits and avocado (54, 2536; 52, 2674; 50, 3350). Causes tuber rot of Cycas (54, 168) and stalk rot of maize (54, 4915). Also isolated from diseased Piper (52, 1993) and mung bean (Phaseolus aureus[Vigna radiata], 50, 397). Pathogenic to cereals during seedling stage (56, 3493) and also causing root rot (56, 2487). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide; very frequent in tropical and subtropical areas but occurs also in temperate regions. TRANSMISSION: Infection and stalk rot of maize caused by F. equiseti appears to be by air-borne spores (54, 4915) although in most occurrences wounding or damage to the host appears to be necessary for infection (53, 4642). Infected soil may cause seedling blight (50, 1397).

Beauveria bassiana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. K. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Porthetria Dispar ◽  
New Skin

Abstract A description is provided for Beauveria bassiana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS & SUBSTRATA: All stages of insects of all groups; lungs of wild rodents, nasal swab of horse; man; giant tortoise. The fungus overwinters in vegetable matter and is found in the soil. DISEASE: The fungus has been known since 1835 as the cause of the muscardine disease of silkworms. Although B. bassiana has multiplied in bees in laboratory tests it has so far not been recorded from bees in nature (Bailey, 1971). According to Wasti & Hartman (1975) penetration of the cuticle of gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar[Lymantria dispar]) larvae takes place 24 h after 2nd instar larvae have crawled over a culture of B. bassiana and within 64h the interior of the insect is completely filled with hyphae. These authors also note penetration of the gut wall. Fargues & Vey (1974), who sprayed conidia on to 3rd instar larvae of Leptinostarsa decemlineata (Colorado beetle), showed that conidia germinate on the surface of the integument, penetrate the loosening skin, and blastospores develop in the moulting fluid, infecting the new integument as it forms. Some individuals cannot finish the moult, in others the delicate new skin ruptures and hyphae enter the haemolymph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide.

Eurotium rubrum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Human Nails

Abstract A description is provided for Eurotium rubrum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A xerotolerant species with the same host range as E. repens (IMI Sheet 1255). DISEASES: Not known to be a pathogen of animals or man, but the species has been isolated from human nails (Smith, 1989). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide.

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