Elsinoe veneta. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Ascospore Release

Abstract A description is provided for Elsinoe veneta. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Rubus spp., especially on European and American red raspberries (R. idaeus and R. idaeus var. oculentissimus), black raspberry (R. occidentalis) and on loganberries, boysenberries, youngberries, etc. (R. ursinus, R. villosus, R. vitifolius) and the European bramble (R. fruticosus). DISEASE: Cane spot or anthracnose of raspberry causing dwarfing of canes and often dieback from the tip. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, occurring especially in cooler temperate areas of North America, W. Europe and Australia (CMI Map 503, ed. 1, 1974). TRANSMISSION: Initially by wind-borne ascospores from overwintered fruiting bodies. Ascospore release usually continuing during spring-early summer (Burkholder; Jones) or until autumn (Harris; 37, 201). Also initially by rain-splashed conidia from mycelium in overwintered lesions (Burkholder; 6, 740; 42, 332). Secondary infection by conidia from current season's lesions. Role of perfect state uncertain in some areas (Burkholder; 42, 622; 43, 2354).

Podosphaera leucotricha. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Podosphaera Leucotricha

Abstract A description is provided for Podosphaera leucotricha. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Malus spp., chiefly on M. pumila (apple), peach (Prunus persica), quince (Cydonia ualgaris) and Photinia spp. also attacked (Hirata, 1966). Also reported on almond fruit (43, 2544). DISEASE: Powdery mildew of apple. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (? Kenya, Rhodaia, South Africa, Tanzania); Asia (China, India, Israel, Japan, U.S.S.R.); Australia and New Zealand, Europe (widely distributed) North America (Canada and U.S.A.); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru). (CMI map 118). TRANSMISSION: Overwinters on host as dormant mycdium in blossom buds. The role of deistothecia in overwintering is doubtful. Spread by wind-borne conidia (Anderson, 1956).

Black raspberry necrosis virus. [Distribution map].

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Virus Distribution ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Black raspberry necrosis virus. Hosts: Rubus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Mainland Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, UK, Scotland), North America (Canada, British Columbia, USA, Michigan, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Wisconsin), Oceania (Australia, New Zealand).

Diplocarpon earliana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Diplocarpon earliana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Fragaria. DISEASE: Strawberry leaf scorch. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Throughout temperate zones and extending into the tropics in Malaysia, Taiwan, Australia and New Guinea; Africa (Rhodesia, Zambia, South Africa, Canary Islands); Europe (except Ireland, Spain, Sweden, Russia); North America (Canada, USA, Jamaica); South America (Brazil, Uruguay); Asia (Armenia, Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, W. Malaysia). Appears to be most important in USA and eastern Europe (CMI Map 452, ed. 1, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by splash dispersal of conidia from infected leaves. Ascospores appear to be unimportant and in some regions (Poland; 46, 2074) where the perfect state has not been found.

Peronospora sordida. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Channel Islands ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora sordida. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Scrophularia altaica, S. aquatica, S. auriculata, S. bosniaca, S. californica, S. heterophylla, S. lanceolata, S. marylandica, S. nodosa, S. scopolii, S. umbrosa (=S. alata), Verbascum banaticum, V. blattaria, V. densiflorum (=V. thapsiforme), V. glabratum subsp. glabratum, V. lychnitis, V. nigrum, V. phlomoides, V. phoenicum, V. speciosum, V. thapsus, V. thapsus subsp. crassifolium (=V. montanum), V. virgatum. DISEASE: Downy mildew of Scrophularia and Verbascum, some species of which may be cultivated commercially for their medicinal or ornamental value; an obligately necrotrophic plant pathogen. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia; USSR (Kirghizia, Turkmenia, Uzbekistan). Europe; Austria, Belgium, France, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Eire, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, USSR (Byelorussia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, RSFSR, Ukraine), Sweden, Switzerland, UK (England, Channel Islands, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales), Yugoslavia. North America; USA (California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Wisconsin, Virginia). TRANSMISSION: By spores ('conidia') dispersed by wind or rain-splash. The role of oospores (if they are usually formed) in disease transmission is unknown.

Peronospora euphorbiae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora euphorbiae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Euphorbia dulcis, E. paralias, E. peploides, E. peplus, E. platyphylla, E. prostrata, E. serpens, E. serpyllifolia, E. serratula (= E. stricta). DISEASE: Downy mildew of Euphorbia species. Leaf lesions are hypophyllous, but superficial in E. paralias, as it has stomata on the upper surface of its leaves, which curl upwards. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: South Africa. Asia-Temperate: Japan. Europe: France, Italy, Majorca, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, UK (England). North America: USA (South Dakota, Texas). TRANSMISSION: By conidia which are dispersed by wind or rain-splash. The role of oospores in disease transmission is unknown, but they may serve as perennating structures.

Quaternaria dissepta. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Winter

Abstract A description is provided for Quaternaria dissepta, saprobic on twigs and small branches within bark of recently dead branches and twigs of Ulmus, usually observed from late winter to early summer. Some information on its, habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (California, Massachusetts)), Asia (China (Gansu)), Australasia (New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).

Diplocarpon rosae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Diplocarpon Rosae ◽  
Dispersal Mechanism ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Severe Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Diplocarpon rosae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Confined to members of the genus Rosa. DISEASE: Black spot of roses. More or less circular black lesions up to 1.5 cm diam. with radially fringed margins usually on the upper side of the leaf, which may be followed by chlorosis and leaf cast. Severe leaf cast may be followed by a further flush. Stem lesions occur as small indistinct black areas without a fringed margin and symptoms may occur on floral parts. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide in temperate and tropical zones (CMI Map 266, ed. 2, 1968). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by splash dispersed conidia formed in acervuli on infected leaves on the host or after they have been cast. A microconidial state (spermagonia) with a similar dispersal mechanism may occur on fallen leaves in the spring and autumn. Conidia lose viability rapidly, few surviving more than one month (24, 508). Overwintering is by saprophytic mycelium in cast foliage or infected stem tissues. The perfect state has been reported from Britain, North America and the USSR (51, 2590 and IMI 185129), where it is formed on infected cast foliage in the spring. Ascospores are forcibly ejected; they do not appear to be essential for the survival of the pathogen.

Plasmopara viticola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Grape Vine ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Abstract A description is provided for Plasmopara viticola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ampelopsis brevipedunculata, A. hederacea, A. heterophylla, A. veitchii, Ampelocissus acetosa, A. latifolia, A. salmonea, Cissus caesia, C. gracilis, C. hypoglauca, C. polyantha, Cordifolia sempervirens, Cinerea sp., Parthenocissus quinquefolia, P. tricuspidata, Solonis robusta, Vitis aestivalis, V. amurensis, V. arizonica, V. berlandieri, V. californica, V. cinerea, V. coignetiae, V. cordifolia, V. girdiana, V. labrusca, V. lanata, V. monticola, V. pagnuccii, V. riparia, V. romaneti, V. rupestris, V. silvestris, V. treleasei, V. vinifera. DISEASE: Grape vine downy mildew; the fungus is an obligately biotrophic plant pathogen. All tissues bearing stomata are infected, becoming discolored, malformed and necrotic. Lesions on affected organs develop a white felt of sporangiophores. Leaves are most susceptible to attack during active growth in early summer, and when very mature in the autumn. Sporangiophores may appear directly on healthy green leaf tissues with no overlying lesion, or as a dense felt under yellow oily lesions on the upper surface (if humidity is high, 5-15 days after infection), or may be absent, leaves presenting only a mosaic of small, angular yellow or dark-red blemishes, limited by the secondary veins (mainly on old leaves in the autumn). During early growth, whole branches are attacked, but later only the extremities of branches are invaded. Infected shoots turn brown, curl up or become hooked at their tips. Nodes are more susceptible to attack than internodes. Tendrils, petioles, inflorescences and bunches also develop similar brown spots and lesions. Bunches are susceptible until the grapes are 5-6 mm diam., after which infection is rare (grey rot followed later by brown rot). Subsequent browning and desiccation of the bunch is caused by penetration of the bunch stalk by mycelium from earlier infections elsewhere. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: See CMI Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases 221. TRANSMISSION: Oospores present in infected leaf tissues from the previous season's crop germinate in the spring, when air temperatures exceed 12°C and at least 10 mm rain falls in 24 hours, releasing zoospores into water or onto very moist soil from sporangia (64, 2458). Zoospores are projected onto vine leaves near the soil by rain splash, germinate to give hyphae and penetrate tissues via their stomata. Sporangia are liberated in moist air only, are disseminated by air currents, and remain viable for five days in dry air, producing secondary infection sites. Production of sporangia occurs at a relative humidity of 95-100%, and an air temperature of 13-27°C (optimum 18-22°C). Mycelium may overwinter between the bud scales and in diseased leaves, but it has not been established whether this contributes substantially to re-infection of healthy leaf tissues the following spring. There is no evidence for systemic transmission.

Peronospora potentillae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora potentillae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Potentilla argentea, P. aurea subsp. aurea, P. aurea subsp. chrysocraspeda (=P. ternata), P. crantzii, P. pabelliformis, P. gracilis subsp. nuttallii (=P. nuttallii), P. grandiflora, P. nepalensis, P. norvegica, P. norvegica var. hirsuta, P. pulcherrima, P. sterilis. Possibly Fragaria vesca and F. moschata, but see below. DISEASE: Downy mildew of Potentilla species; an obligately necrotrophic plant pathogen. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia; India, USSR (Uzbekistan). Europe; Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Eire, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, Rumania, Sweden, Switzerland, UK (England, Wales, Scotland), USSR (Latvia; RSFSR). North America; USA (Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, New Jersey, Oregon, Texas, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming), Canada (British Columbia, Saskatchewan) TRANSMISSION: By spores ('conidia') dispersed by wind or rain-splash. The role of oospores (if they are usually formed) in disease transmission is unknown.

Peronospora ficariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Rain Splash ◽  
Ficaria Verna

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora ficariae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Anemone coronaria, Helleborus purpurascens, Ficaria calthifolia, F. ledebourii, F. ficarioides, Ranunculus abortivus, R. acriformis, R. acer, R. acris, R. alpestris, R. auricomus, R. bulbosus, R. carpaticus, R. cassubicus, R. constantinopolitanus, R. crenatus, R. fascicularis, R. ficaria (= Ficaria verna), R. flammula subsp. flammula, R. languinosus, R. lateriflorus, R. lingua, R. montanus, R. nemorosus, R. oreophilus, R. oxyspermus, R. pedatus, R. pennsylvanicus, R. platanifolius, R. polyanthemus, R. pseudoplatanus, R. recurvatus, R. repens, R. sardous, R. scleratus, R. septentrionalis, R. uncinatus (= R. bongardi), R. velutinus. DISEASE: Downy mildew of Ranunculus species, covering the entire leaf undersurface. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia-Temperate: China, Kazakhstan, Kirgizistan, Russia (Kamchatka), Stavropol, Japan. Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Belorussiya, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Eire, Estonia, Faeroes, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Krym, Moscow, Pskov, Novgorod, St. Petersburg, Saratov, Smolensk, Tambov, Tatariya, Tula, Yaroslavl) Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK (England, Scotland, Wales, Channel Islands), Yugoslavia. North America; Canada (British Columbia, Que), USA (Alabama, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Oregon, Wisconsin, Washington State, Wyoming, New York). South America: Argentina, Dominican Republic. TRANSMISSION: By conidia dispersed by wind or rain-splash. The role of oospores in disease transmission is unknown, although they may act as perennating structures.

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