Cylindrocladium camelliae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
South India ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Acacia Dealbata ◽  
Collar Region ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocladium camelliae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia dealbata, Camellia sinensis. DISEASE: A minor root rot of tea in South India. Affected plants unthrifty with few feeding roots. Raised patches occur on the bark of the tap and lateral roots and may extend to the collar region. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: India, Japan.

Nectria crotalariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Liriodendron Tulipifera ◽  
Acacia Koa ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Collar Region ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii ◽  
Crown Roots

Abstract A description is provided for Nectria crotalariae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia koa, Arachis hypogaea, Carica papaya, Crotalaria anagyroides, Liriodendron tulipifera and Tephrosia vogelii. DISEASE: Causes a collar rot of Crotalaria anagyroides and Tephrosia vogelii (29, 537), and a peg, pod and root necrosis of groundnut in Georgia (USA), a disease which has been named Cylindrocladium black rot of groundnuts. The diseased groundnut plants in the field were chlorotic and wilted and exhibited blighting of the leaf tips and margins. Chlorosis and wilting of the lateral foliage were usually less extensive than those of the erect primary branches (46, 1159). Reported as causing a severe root rot on potted Liriodendron tulipifera seedlings (49, 3016). In Hawaii the pathogen has been reported to cause a collar rot of Carica papaya and Acacia koa (Nishijima & Aragaki, 1973). On Carica papaya the diseased seedlings were characterized by stunting, chlorosis or loss of leaves and rotting of the collar region and crown roots. In glasshouse tests 5 cultivars of flue-cured tobacco proved to be highly susceptible to the pathogen while from 4 cultivars of cotton not visibly infected, the pathogen was isolated from roots (Rowe & Beute, 1973). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Hawaii, Sri Lanka and USA. TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is soil-borne.

Rosellinia arcuata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
White Mycelium

Abstract A description is provided for Rosellinia arcuata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous; important on Camellia sinensis. DISEASE: Black root rot mainly of tropical and subtropical woody hosts; plurivorous but only of serious importance on tea (Camellia sinensis). The advancing edge of the mycelium is white, shading to black. On the root surface the black network of strands gives a woolly appearance and beneath the bark star-like fans of white mycelium spread out on the wood. On tea the fungus may spread up the stem fan a short distance; the bush often dies suddenly, the leaves remaining attached for some time. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Records of this fungus are apparently infrequent. It has been reported from Central African Republic, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Kenya, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Zaire Republic. TRANSMISSION: As mycelium from surface organic litter and woody debris and possibly also through spores.

Cylindrocladium clavatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Cylindrocladium Floridanum ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocladium clavatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Araucaria angustifolia, Camellia sinensis, Eucalyptus saligna and Pinus. DISEASE: Occasionally associated with Cylindrocladium floridanum[Calonectria kyotensis] and Cylindrocarpon tenue on rotting roots of unthrifty tea bushes in Mauritius. Associated with a root disease of dying 10-15 year old trees of Araucaria angustifolia (Hodges & May, 1972). Roots of such trees are pitch-soaked and copiously exude resin, causing large quantities of soil to stick to the roots, thus resembling in symptomatology the brown root rot caused by Phellinus noxius. Also isolated from the roots of dying trees of several species of Pinus (Hodges & May, 1972). The pine needles on affected trees turn bright yellow, droop and finally turn brick red. Roots were pitch-soaked but resin exudation was slight. Also isolated from seedlings of Eucalyptus saligna (Hodges & May, 1972). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Mauritius. TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is soil-borne.

Calonectria kyotensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Acacia Dealbata ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Dianthus Barbatus ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract A description is provided for Calonectria kyotensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia dealbata, Camellia sinensis, Dianthus barbatus, Pinus sp., Prunus persica, Rhododendron (Azalea) and Syringa vulgaris. DISEASE: Causes a root rot of peach trees and in inoculation tests was found to cause wilting, root rot and death of peach seedlings (46, 2468). Severe losses to cuttings and liners of azaleas, lilac and Sweet William reported (47, 3461). Associated with Cylindrocladium scoparium with 'short life' of peach trees (51, 1648), C. floridanum being usually more virulent. Causes death of single-node tea cuttings in Mauritius (52, 1249) and associated with decline of tea bushes (Peerally, 1972). Soil drenches with benomyl give complete control of the pathogen (47, 3461). Soil drenches with benomyl and dithane M-45, and manuring with artificial fertilizers followed by earthing up, have given satisfactory control of root rot of tea bushes in Mauritius. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: England, Germany, Japan, Mauritius and USA. TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is soil-inhabiting, rarely attacking aerial parts of plants.

Phomopsis theae. [Distribution map].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phomopsis theae Petch. Hosts: Tea (Camellia sinensis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, ASIA, Ceylon, India.

Septoria lactucae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Early Symptoms ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria lactucae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Lactuca sativa. DISEASE: A minor leaf spot of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Early symptoms are small, numerous, irregularly outlined, chlorotic spots beginning on the outer leaves. They enlarge, becoming brown or somewhat silvery, sometimes with a chlorotic halo, and shot-holes develop. Pycnidia, which may not be conspicuous, are found on both leaf surfaces. Infection spreads to the younger leaves and flowers in severe attacks (20: 193; 21: 182). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread (CMI Map 485, ed. 1, 1972). TRANSMISSION: By seed, pycnidia can be found embedded in the seed coat (41: 267).

Pythium intermedium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium intermedium. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts represented by the following families: Begoniaceae, Bromeliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Coniferae, Cruciferae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Linaceae, Moraceae, Onagraceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Ulmaceae, Violaceae; also in the Equisetales and Filicales. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings, foot rot and root rot of ornamentals, occasionally of crop plants and trees. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (China); Australia & Oceania (Hawaii); Europe (England, Belgium, France, Germany, Holland, Sweden, U.S.S.R.); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Argentina). TRANSMISSION: A common soil inhabitant.

Phoma sorghina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma sorghina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Gramineae and all kinds of plants. Also isolated from soil, air and various animal sources. DISEASE: A minor leaf spot of cereals and grasses. The visible symptoms vary considerably; on sorghum leaves spots are usually irregular or rounded, yellowish-brown or grey with definite reddish-purple margins or indefinite in outline, reaching 1 cm or more in width. Pycnidia develop within spots on leaves, glumes and seeds. Also the fungus has been implicated with pre- and post-emergence death of seedlings of Macroptilium and Sylosanthes species (54, 1779) crown rot of bananas (61, 3556), leaf spot of Agave americana and stem rot of Euphorbia tirucalli (63, 3383), brown stem canker of Leucosperum cordifolium (56, 253). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: A ubiquitous fungus occurring in tropical and subtropical regions. Africa (Botswana, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe); Asia (Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, USSR); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands); Europe (Germany, Portugal, Italy, UK); North America (Canada, USA); Central America and West Indies (Antigua, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Trinidad); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia). TRANSMISSION: Probably by contaminated seed; the fungus has been found on or isolated from several seed samples (1, 289; 33, 599; 47, 2153; 54, 1779; 60, 367; 61, 4102). In Taiwan P. sorghina has been found to be transmitted from seed to seedlings (62, 4281). The fungus has also been claimed to persist on trash and weed hosts and remain viable up to 1 yr but lose its viability after 2 yr storage on dry infected leaves (Koch & Rumbold, 1921).

scholarly journals Dry root rot of chickpea: A disease favored by drought

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avanish Rai ◽  
Vadivelmurugan Irulappan ◽  
Muthappa Senthil-Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

Chickpea is an essential crop for protein nutrition and is grown around the world in rain-fed conditions. However, chickpea cultivation is under threat due to emerging diseases favored by drought stress. Dry root rot (DRR), an economically devastating disease, is an example. Chickpea-specific strains of a necrotic fungal phytopathogen, Macrophomina phaseolina, cause DRR. Microsclerotia of this fungus, which are capable of withstanding harsh environmental conditions, serve as primary inoculum. Initial symptoms are scattered necrotic spots in roots, progressing to rotting and withering lateral roots, accompanied by prematurely dried, straw-colored foliage. The recent rise in global temperature and worsening of drought spells have aggravated DRR outbreaks in chickpea. To date, DRR epidemiology has not been clarified in detail. Also, the literature lacks clarity on M. phaseolina taxonomy, morphology, disease progression, and diagnosis. In this article, research progress on patterns of DRR occurrence in the field and belowground and above-ground symptoms are clarified. In addition, the current understanding of taxonomy and management practices is elaborated. We also summarize knowledge of the impact of drought and high temperature on DRR severity. Further, we provide future perspectives on the importance of host resistance, QTL identification, genotype screening for the identification of resistant genotypes. The article proposes new research priorities and a corresponding plan for the mitigation of DRR.

A new Disease of Cardamom (Elatteria cardamomi) apparently due to Insect Damage in South India

1935 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Ramakrishna Ayyar ◽  
M. S. Kylasam
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
New Disease ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lycaenid Butterfly ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Scolytid Beetle ◽  
Growing Crop

So far as the writers are aware, there is very little on record regarding insect pests of cardamom, especially of those affecting the growing crop, in India. This is chiefly due to the fact that this crop is grown only in some select forest areas, and we get very few opportunities of studying its diseases. The only insects so far recorded as casual pests of cardamom appear to be (1) the shoot-borer caterpillar (Dichocrocis punctiferalis, Guen.) recorded by Macmillan in 1925 ; this is a well-known pest of castor, turmeric and ginger in the plains. (2) A capsule-boring Scolytid beetle, a minute dark brown insect boring in the capsules like the rice weevil; it is not quite clear from the available information in the records from Coorg whether this was noted as a pest of the growing crop or only in the stored dry capsules. (3) The cardamom borer, Lampides elpis, Godt., the pinkish caterpillar of a small blue Lycaenid butterfly which has been noted to attack the flowers and pods to a certain extent but not seriously. (4) A swarming caterpillar (Eupterote sp.) which was once noted as causing substantial defoliation of the crop. (5) A white delicate lace-wing bug (Stephanitis typicus, Dist.), a minor pest also found on turmeric and ginger. A few others, like Ischnodemus vochus, Tol. (a bug) and Hilarographa caminodes, Meyr. (a root-boring caterpillar), have also been noted off and on ; but none of them has ever attained the status of a serious pest.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document