Diaporthe phaseolorum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Diaporthe Phaseolorum ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus

Abstract A description is provided for Diaporthe phaseolorum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Phaseolus, Phaseolus lunatus, Ipomoea, Glycine, Allium, Arachis, Capsicum, Hibiscus esculentus, Lupinus, Lespedeza, Strophostyles and Vigna. DISEASE: Stem canker, pod and stem blight of soyabean (Glycine max) and other legumes; dry rot of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas); and pod blight of Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus). The most serious diseases are those on soyabean. Infected seedlings may be weak and stunted. In older plants lesions form on the petiole and stem, where they may become girdling cankers (characteristically red-brown in Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora in the early stages). Infected seed is discoloured and reduced in size. In the field perithecia predominate in var. caulivora and pycnidia likewise in var. sojae. On Lima bean leaf lesions are up to 3 cm diam. with concentrically arranged pycnidia. Shot-holing may occur and infection of young pods leads to destruction of the seed. In sweet potato, tubers shrink and become mummified in storage; dry rot and necrosis of sprouts occur in the plant bed; pycnidia form on tubers and sprouts. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Probably widespread in the form frequently referred to as var. sojae. Reported from: Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Cuba, Egypt, Guyana, India, Israel, Japan, Korea, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, USA; var. batatisis is probably more widespread than has been reported (New Zealand, USA, Zaire Republic); var. phaseolorum has been reported from Cuba, Bermuda, South Africa, Tanzania, USA. The severest form of the disease (var. caulivora) appears to be restricted to N. America (CMI Map 360, ed. 1, 1958). TRANSMISSION: Through seed, tubers, crop debris and probably soil (34: 425; 42: 352, 353, 425; 44, 2003). Viable in soyabean seed for 2 yr.

Alcidodes dentipes. [Distribution map].

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Alcidodes dentipes (Olivier) Coleoptera: Curculionidae Hosts: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), also groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), cotton (Gossypium) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Benin, Cameroon, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Rhizopus stolonifer. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Artocarpus Integrifolia

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus stolonifer. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On fruits: papaya, plum, strawberry, sweet potato, cotton, groundnuts and in rhizosphere soil of various plants, soil and decaying leaves. DISEASE: Causing fruit rot of plum, Jak fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia[Artocarpus integer]), strawberry ('leak'), peach and a rot of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and cotton bolls. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Air-borne and also by fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, associated with decaying fruit (RAM 43, 576).

Streptomyces ipomoeae. [Distribution map].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
North America ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Streptomyces ipomoeae (Person & W. J. Martin) Waksm. & Henrici. Hosts: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, USA (general from New Jersey to Florida, Tex and Iowa, also Arizona, California).

Pseudocercospora timorensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora timorensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), I. biloba, I. campanulata, I. cordofana, I. muricata, I. peltata, I. setifera.DISEASE: Leaf spot or brown leaf spot of sweet potato. Small circular lesions first form on the leaf borders and tips before spreading over the leaf surface. These leaf spots enlarge becoming brown to dark brown in colour with a verruculose surface. The larger leaf veins may delimit the spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: most countries; Asia: Hong-Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan; Australasia: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands; North America: West Indies (St Lucia). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia.

Alternaria zinniae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. David
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Airborne Conidia ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus ◽  
Sphaeranthus Indicus

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria zinniae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ageratum, Aster, Bidens, Calendula, Callistephus, Chrysanthemum, Coreopsis, Cosmos, Dahlia, Gaillardia, Galinsoga, Gerbera, Helianthus, Notonia, Parthenium, Sphaeranthus indicus, Tagetes, Tithonia, Volutarella, Xanthium, Zinnia. Also recorded are a number of non-compositae hosts such as bean (50, 3295), rape (43, 1212b), Clarkia, Hibiscus esculentus (66. 4729), pawpaws (66. 4729) and seeds of tobacco (64, 1748) but these reports should be regarded with some doubt. Simmons (1982) also reports other hosts like Gentiana, Papaver and Reseda. DISEASE: Leaf spot of Zinnia. The fungus attacks the leaves, stems of its host and can cause damping-off of seedlings where both the root and the stems of the plant may be affected. In older plants the fungus attacks the older leaves and then spreads to the younger leaves, and when the attack is severe the spots may become confluent. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia: Brunei, China (Liaoning). India, Indonesia (Borneo), Korea, Nepal, Pakistan. Australasia & Oceania: Australia. Europe: Cyprus. Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, The Netherlands. Central & North America: Bermuda, Canada, Jamaica, USA (Hawaii, Illinois, South Dakota). TRANSMISSION: On seeds by wind dispersal of airborne conidia.

Nematospora gossypii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Asclepias Curassavica ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Boll Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Nematospora gossypii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Gossypium hirsutum. Also on Abutilon spp., Asclepias curassavica, Centrosema plumieri, Citrus aurantium, C. nobilis, Coffea arabica, C. robusta, Datura metel, Glycine max, Gossypium herbaceum var. africanum, Gossypium spp., Hibiscus cannabinus, H. esculentus, H. vitifolius, Lycopersicum esculentum, Persea gratissima, Phaseolus lunatus, P. mungo, P. vulgaris, Sida spp., Sterculia platanifolia, Thespesia garckeana and Vigna spp. (30: 124). DISEASES: Internal Boll Rot or staining of Cotton or Stigmatomycosis. The lint fibres become dirty yellowish-brown and the seed coat is stained with brown spots. With age the lint loosens from the seeds and becomes reduced to a papery membrane. The fungus forms a mat on the seed surface but does not penetrate this unless already mechanically injured. Infection results either in premature dropping of the bolls or in a drying out of those which remain on the plant. The discolouration of the lint is due to toxins produced by the fungus (Pearson & Maxwell Darling, 1958). A number of factors affect the degree of infection of cotton bolls such as age, sugar content of the bolls and humidity. Young bolls with high sugar content are highly susceptible. Incidence of infection increases with increase in humidity (27: 361; 39: 230). In coffee it causes dry rot, the beans become black and shrunken. Leguminous seeds become dry, shrivelled and dark. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda), Asia (Burma, India); Central America and the Caribbean and U.S.A. (CMI Map 153, ed. 3, 1959; 30: 124; 39: 413). TRANSMISSION: The fungus is mechanically transmitted from plant to plant on the mouth parts of hemipterous insects (10: 519; 18: 309; Wickens, 1942; Pearson & Maxwell Darling, 1958) including species of Dysdercus (cotton strainers), Nezara (green bug), Leptoglossus (leaf-footed tomato bug), Phthia (red tomato bug), Antestia (coffee bug) and Callidea. Of these, species of Dysdercus are the more common carriers. The fungus may enter through an open wound but generally infection accompanies insect punctures. The needle shaped ascospores are especially well adapted for this mode of infection (29: 211). The fungus is not a soil inhabitant but may persist in a viable condition from one season to the next on fallen diseased bolls in damp conditions as well as in insect exuviae. The fungus survives in the seeds of malvaceous plants in the off-season and from these it is carried to the cotton crop by migrant adults of Dysdercus (Pearson & Maxwell Darling, 1958).

Cylas brunneus. [Distribution map].

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Cylas Brunneus ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cylas brunneus (Olivier) Coleoptera: Brentidae Hosts: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Burundi, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda.

Coleosporium ipomoeae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
The West ◽  
Far North

Abstract A description is provided for Coleosporium ipomoeae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia on several species of Pinus (especially southern pines), uredial aecia and telia on several genera of the Convolvulaceae (Argyreia, Convolvulus, Ipomoea and Jacquemontia). DISEASES: Orange rust of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). One of the needle rusts of pines. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Probably widespread in the warmer regions of the American continent and the West Indies. Recorded on Ipomoea spp. other than sweet potato as far north as Illinois, Ohio and New Jersey. Not recorded in western states of USA or outside the western hemisphere. TRANSMISSION: Transmission of the Coleosporium rusts in Florida has been described by Weber (23: 245). Short-lived basidiospores, which rarely travel more than 1.6 km in a viable condition, infect pine needles during late summer and autumn probably through the stomata. The aeciospores formed in the spring are very resistant and can travel long distances to infect the alternate host by direct penetration of the cuticle.

scholarly journals Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) as a drought tolerant and food security crop

2015 ◽  
Vol Volume 111 (Number 11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozipho M. Motsa ◽  
Albert T. Modi ◽  
Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract Sweet potato is an important ‘indigenised’ root crop in South Africa. It features prominently in smallholder cropping systems because of its versatility, drought tolerance and positive role in food security. It outranks most staple crops in vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and protein content. Much information is available on sweet potato as a drought tolerant and food security crop, but critical reviews that link its drought tolerance with food security are lacking. We review sweet potato as a food security crop, focusing on mechanisms associated with drought. We conclude that the crop has great potential in the light of imminent challenges associated with drought as a negative effect of climate change.

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