Drechslera sacchari. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Axis Parallel ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Drechslera sacchari[Bipolaris sacchari]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum and also reported causing diseases in Pennisetum purpureum (Napier or elephant grass) and Cymbopogon citratus[Cymbopogon nardus] (lemon grass). DISEASE: Eye spot and seedling blight of sugarcane. Small reddish spots, surrounded by a straw-coloured halo, develop on the leaves; conspicuous on young leaves, becoming 5-12 × 3-6 mm, longer axis parallel to the main veins, coalescing. These spots may develop long chlorotic streaks running towards the leaf tip, 60-90 cm long and possibly due to toxin production. Germinating seed may be killed 12-14 days from sowing and severely attacked young plants show a top rot. On lemon grass the leaf spots have pale centres with a dark purple border, 4-10 × 1.5-2 mm (20: 229). Older leaves of Napier grass are attacked most, severe outbreaks causing death (17: 753; 21: 258). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in the tropics and subtropics (CMI Map 349, 2nd ed. 1968). Additional records not yet mapped: Cambodia, French Guiana, Panama, Salvador and Senegal. TRANSMISSION: Presumably through air-dispersed conidia; seed-borne infection also occurs (36: 350).

Khuskia oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Diurnal Periodicity ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Khuskia oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous, especially on monocotyledons and particularly on Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Zea mays and Musa spp. DISEASE: Causes cob and stalk rot of maize (11: 711; 12: 20; 13: 299, 571; 43, 3205; 44, 2123) and on sorghum as stem and grain infection (43, 727); it is common on banana debris in the western hemisphere and can cause discolouration in rice irain. On maize, symptoms develop towards maturity mostly on the shanks, husks and ears but also on the stems and stalks, where blackish, shallow lesions can occur. Ears may snap off at harvest; the cob becomes shredded and rotten through disintegration of the parenchyma, sparse mycelium and sporulation develop in the furrows between kernels and on the seed itself. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, principally as a member of the saprophytic flora on plant debris in warmer areas. TRANSMISSION: Infection of seed reduces its quality rather than causing the fungus to be really seed-borne. A diurnal periodicity has been reported for Nigrospora sphaerica and K. oryzae, with a peak at 0800-1000 hr, in the tropics (35: 383; 41: 242). Violent spore discharge, a rare phenomenon in the hyphomycetes, has been described for N. sphaerica (31: 56).

Cercospora oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Panicum Repens ◽  
Linear Leaf ◽  
Axis Parallel ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Oryza saliva. DISEASE: Narrow brown leaf spot of rice. The fungus has been reported on Panicum repens (Plant Disease Reporter 54: 272, 1970). The linear leaf lesions are 2-10 mm long, usually up to 1-1.5 mm wide, the long axis parallel to that of the leaf; centre dark brown with the border fading as the outer margin is reached. Lesions on the sheath are similar to those on the leaf, whilst those on the glumes are shorter and tend to lateral spread. On susceptible cvs. the leaf lesions are wider and lighter brown whereas on resistant ones they are narrow and a more uniform dark brown. Symptoms are usually extensive during the later stages of growth and should not be confused with those caused by Ramularia oryzae Deighton & Shaw (white leaf streak; 40, 104). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in the tropics and S. and S.E. USA (CMI Map 71, ed. 3, 1967). TRANSMISSION: No studies reported.

Gloeocercospora sorghi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Agrostis Canina

Abstract A description is provided for Gloeocercospora sorghi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Sorghum vulgare[Sorghum bicolor]; besides the main host it has been reported from Agrostis canina (bent grass), Agrostis palustris, Agrostis tenuis, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum glaucum, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum typhoides, Saccharum officinarum, Sorghum halapensis, Sorghum sudanense, Vetiveria zizanioides, Zea mays. DISEASE: Zonate leaf spot was first reported from Sorghum vulgare[Sorghum bicolor] in 1943 from Louisiana; on turf grasses it is known as copper spot. On sorghum the initial lesions are red-brown, water-soaked and sometimes with a narrow, pale green halo. The lesions enlarge, become dark-red (on some vars. dark brown) and elongate parallel to the veins. Possibly by coalescence, semi-circular, irregular lesions (several cm diam.) are formed. Smaller spots have a light brown centre surrounded by a reddish border, but larger ones may have alternate light and dark zones, and the whole leaf can be covered. Often younger, red lesions are so numerous as to form red blotches. The pinkish, gelatinous, conidial fructifications (over the stomata) are easily visible. Spherical sclerotia (0.1-0.2 mm diam.) form within the tissue, in a somewhat linear fashion. On bent grass small, irregular, copper tinted spots become coalescent. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in tropical Africa, also in south west USA, parts of C. & S. America, India, Japan and N.E. Australia, (CMI Map 339, ed. 2, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Probably soil-borne in crop residue and also seed-borne (29: 556). Infected seed may have caused an outbreak in Venezuela (29: 97).

Cochliobolus cymbopogonis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Cymbopogon Nardus ◽  
Splash Dispersal

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus cymbopogonis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Andropogoneae. DISEASE: Seed and seedling blights; leaf spots of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) and lemon grass (C. citratus). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread. TRANSMISSION: Splash dispersal of ascospores (60, 2421); through seed.

Cercospora koepkei. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Diurnal Periodicity ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Young Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora koepkei[Mycovellosiella koepkei]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Saccharum officinarum. DISEASE: Yellow spot of sugarcane. Irregularly outlined yellow green spots form on the young leaves, up to 12 mrn diam. ; they may coalesce to cover large areas of the leaves. Reddish patches occur as the leaf approaches maturity and infected fields appear a conspicuous rusty yellow. The leaves show a dirty grey growth of conidiophotes and conidia on the lower surface and die prematurely. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in S. and E. Asia, also in Australia and Oceania. In Africa: Ghana, Malagasy Republic, Mauritius, Reunion, S. Africa, Tanzania, Uganda. The identity of the disease reported in Central America, West Indies and S. America (Argentina, Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela) is uncertain (CMI Map 341, ed. 2, 1968). TRANSMISSION: In S. India a diurnal periodicity for the conidia was found, with a max. in the forenoon (51, 3537). No natural hosts apart from Saccharum are known.

Deightoniella torulosa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Fruit Spot

Abstract A description is provided for Deightoniella torulosa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Musa spp. DISEASES: Causing black-tip (black-end, black-spot) of fruit and characteristic leaf spots and blotches in bananas, induding a peculiar black scab-like fruit spot in Jamaica; also causing a rot of the pseudostem and leaf spot in abaca (Musa textilis). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Egypt ?, Ethiopia, Ghana, Somalia, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Ivory Coast, Mozambique, Sudan, Mauritius); Asia (British Solomon Islands, Ceylon, India, Philippines, Malaysia, Sabah, Vietnam); Australasia (Queensland, Papua New Guinea, Australia); N. America (Bermuda); C. America and W. Indies (Antilles, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadaloupe, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Trinidad); S. America (Brazil, Guayana, French Guiana, Peru, Surinam). (CMI Map 175, ed. 2.) TRANSMISSION: Apparently air-borne, the pathogen growing as a saprophyte and sporulating on decaying vegetation on the plantation floor (42: 271-72).

Clavibacter XYLI subsp. XYLI. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Serological Method ◽  
Planting Material

Abstract A description is provided for Clavibacter XYLI subsp. XYLI. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Saccharum officinarum, where it is restricted to the xylem. It produces a characteristic wilting when inoculated into sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid NB280S (61, 5933); also able to multiply in the xylem of various grasses and cereals, including Brachiaria mutica, B. miliiformis, Chloris gayana, Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa colonum, Imperata cylindrica, Panicum maximum, Pennisetum purpureum, Rhynchelytrum repens, Sorghum bicolor, S. halepense, S. sudanense, S. verticilliporum, Sporobolus capensis and Zea mays when artificially inoculated, but although it can be transmitted back to sugar cane to produce the disease, it does not produce symptoms in these plants (Gillespie & Teakle, 1989). DISEASE: Ratoon stunting disease (RSD) of sugar cane. The cane makes slower than normal growth and is generally unthrifty. Canes are thinner with shorter internodes than normal and ratoon or stubble crops are particularly affected. Internally, reddish vascular bundles may be seen, especially at the nodes, or in immature cane, the interior of the nodes may be generally a faint pink. Such symptoms are, however, not particularly reliable for diagnosis, as they can result from stress caused by other factors. To confirm the disease it is probably best to observe the bacterium in the vessels by light or electron microscopy, use a serological method or both. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Very widespread due to transmission in planting material. Records include: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, South Africa (Natal), Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh, Burma, China, India (Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh), Indonesia (Java), Japan, Malaysia (W.), Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Australia (NSW, Qd), Fiji, Hawaii, Spain, Mexico, USA (Florida, LA), Antigua, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Nevis, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, St. Kitts, Trinidad, Argentina, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela (IMI Distribution Map 318, ed. 4, 1982; 63, 2478; 64, 2151; 66, 2051; 69, 5165; ISSCT List 1983). TRANSMISSION: To new areas in vegetative planting material and within the crop by mechanical means such as cutting knives and mechanical harvesters. Rats may also spread the disease.

scholarly journals Human Q Fever on the Guiana Shield and Brazil: Recent Findings and Remaining Questions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Epelboin ◽  
Carole Eldin ◽  
Pauline Thill ◽  
Vincent Pommier de Santi ◽  
Philippe Abboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Guiana Shield ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
The World ◽  
Unique Strain ◽  
Amazonian Region

Abstract Purpose of Review In this review, we report on the state of knowledge about human Q fever in Brazil and on the Guiana Shield, an Amazonian region located in northeastern South America. There is a contrast between French Guiana, where the incidence of this disease is the highest in the world, and other countries where this disease is practically non-existent. Recent Findings Recent findings are essentially in French Guiana where a unique strain MST17 has been identified; it is probably more virulent than those usually found with a particularly marked pulmonary tropism, a mysterious animal reservoir, a geographical distribution that raises questions. Summary Q fever is a bacterial zoonosis due to Coxiella burnetii that has been reported worldwide. On the Guiana Shield, a region mostly covered by Amazonian forest, which encompasses the Venezuelan State of Bolivar, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and the Brazilian State of Amapá, the situation is very heterogeneous. While French Guiana is the region reporting the highest incidence of this disease in the world, with a single infecting clone (MST 117) and a unique epidemiological cycle, it has hardly ever been reported in other countries in the region. This absence of cases raises many questions and is probably due to massive under-diagnosis. Studies should estimate comprehensively the true burden of this disease in the region.

Effect of maturity of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) hay on intake, digestibility, and rumen dynamics when given to zebu bulls

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
A.J. Ayala-Burgos ◽  
F.D.DeB. Hovell ◽  
R.M. Godoy ◽  
Hamana S. Saidén ◽  
R. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Cattle in the tropics mostly depend on pastures. During dry periods the forage available is usually mature, constraining both intake and digestion. These constraints need to be understood, for intake and digestibility define productivity. Intake depends on the rumen space made available by fermentation and outflow. Markers such as PEG (liquid phase), and chromium mordanted fibre (solid phase) can be used to measure rumen volume and outflow, but have limitations. The objective of this experiment was to measure intake, digestibility, and rumen kinetics of cattle fed ad libitum forages with very different degradation characteristics, and also to compare rumen volumes measured with markers with those obtained by manual emptying.

Cercostigmina protearum var. protearum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Cercostigmina protearum var. protearum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Causing round or sometimes irregular, pale brown or greyish-brown leaf spots 5-17 mm diameter. HOSTS: Leucospermum conocarpum, Protea. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document