Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Important Host ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
North And South ◽  
South Europe

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Citrullus lanatus. DISEASE: Causes a widespread wilt of watermelon which is the only important host, also damping-off, cortical rot and stunting of seedlings and sudden or progressive wilt of older plants. Necrotic lesions occur on the roots and browning, gum and tyloses are found in the vascular system. In mature plants the wilt may be confined to a particular part, depending on which portion of the root system has been invaded from the soil. Chlorosis and stunting in maturing plants can occur and sometimes there is temporary recovery from wilt. Sporulation is found on dead stems in wet weather. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Throughout North America (U.S.A., Canada); South America (Argentina, Chile), South Europe including U.S.S.R. ; North and South Africa; Asia (India, Iraq, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand). TRANSMISSION: Through soil; also seed infection has been reported (7: 760; 43, 2170).

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Vascular Elements

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cucumis melo. DISEASE: Causes a destructive wilt of muskmelon and cantaloupe. The casaba or winter melon is resistant (e.g. var. Honey Dew). Infection occurs on seedlings (pre-emergence and post-emergence damping-off) and older plants (leaf chlorosis, stunting and generai wilt). Streaks appear on the stems up to 0.6 m long; they become necrotic and bear the salmon-pink sporulating masses. In some cases stem cracks develop and a brownish exudate forms. The vascular elements become orange-red and the fruit is much reduced in size. The formae speciales of F. oxysporum from muskmelon and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) will each attack the seedlings of both hosts, but older plants are susceptible only to their own f.sp. Generally the virulence of a given isolate is greater on its original host (12: 744; 27: 307; 31: 473; Leach, 1936). Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and marrow (Cucurbita pepo) are resistant (39: 117). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Generai in North America (U.S.A., Canada) and Europe. Also reported from Asia (Formosa, Iraq, Japan, Philippines) and Australasia (Australia). TRANSMISSION: Through soil and seed (Leach, 1936).

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The North ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Single Crown

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cucumis sativus. DISEASE: A temperate and subtropical wilt of cucumber which caused up to 40% losses in Florida in 1949. The pathogen causes pre-emergence and post-emergence damping-off and wilt of older plants. In Florida mature plants with runners may first show wilt in a single crown branch, followed by collapse of the whole plant. Vascular necrosis may extend into the vine for 6-8 nodes (35: 265, 266). A cortical decay, absent from older plants, occurs in seedlings. In England, wilt symptoms have been described as beginning in the lower leaves and the vascular system of the lower nodes becomes prominent, standing out as white lines (45, 3013). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: In U.S.A., in glasshouses in the north and in the field in California,. Florida, Mich., N. Mex., Texas and Wis. The disease has also been reported from: Africa (S. Africa); Asia (Iraq, Japan, Thailand); Australasia (Australia); Europe (England, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, U.S.S.R.); North Amenca (Canada). TRANSMISSION: Presumably through soil.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Vascular Wilt

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Citrullus lanatus (watermelon). Also reported to infect C. colocynthis (34, 766). DISEASE: Vascular wilt. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread where watermelons are grown. Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan. Australasia: Australia, New Zealand. Europe: Turkey, USSR. America: Argentina, Canada, Chile, USA. TRANSMISSION: The fungus is soil borne and may be transmitted by seed.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South America ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Japanese Bunching Onion ◽  
Bunching Onion ◽  
Local Dispersal

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Allium cepa L. (onion, shallots), A. sativum L. (garlic) (see notes below concerning F. oxysporum f.sp. garlic), A. fistulosum L. (Japanese bunching onion), A. chinense G. Don (rakkyo); Asparagus (68, 2953); Oxalis spp. (56, 1835). DISEASE: Basal rot of bulbs. Damping off of seedlings. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, South Africa, Zambia. Australasia: India, Israel, Japan, Philippines, Tasmania. Europe: Greece, Hungary, Italy. North America: USA. South America: Brazil. TRANSMISSION: Via seed, infected planting material or movement of soil. Local dispersal is by slimy micro- and macroconidia moved by water flow and splash droplets.

Calonectria quinqueseptata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Severe Attack ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Calonectria quinqueseptata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Annona, Camellia sinensis, Eucalyptus, Eugenia caryophyllata and Hevea. DISEASE: Reported as causing a severe attack on clove seedlings. Leaf spots are circular, red at the periphery with a whitish centre. In severe attacks extensive brown patches appear and under humid conditions the clove leaves turn black (30, 431). Causes a leaf spot of Annona squamosa and damping-off of Eucalyptus (47, 765). On rubber minute chlorotic spots appear on immature leaves, becoming purplish-brown with a yellow halo. Older lesions have a dark brown margin with a white papery centre; the leaves become brittle but are not shed; the disease is severe in budwood nurseries only after pruning when subsequent flushing occurs in wet weather (52, 221). Causes a rare and minor leaf spot of Eucalyptus robusta and tea in Mauritius. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Indonesia, W. Malaysia and Mauritius. TRANSMISSION: Probably by wind-borne conidia.

scholarly journals Development of specific primers for Fusarium oxysporum causing damping off of Lilium formolongi

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Toda ◽  
Shun Hanesaka ◽  
Kuniaki Shishido ◽  
Shin-ichi Fuji ◽  
Hiromitsu Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Primer Design ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Forma Specialis

AbstractPrimers specific for the hypothetical forma specialis of Fusarium oxysporum were designed to amplify DNA from this pathogenic fungus that infects plants including lilies. The F. oxysporum sequence between the transposal elements han and hop was used for primer design. Three primer pairs designed from this region were confirmed as specific for 24 isolates of F. oxysporum pathogenic to lilies, except for one pathogenic isolates as extraordinary. No amplification was observed from F. oxysporum non-pathogenic to lily, from 12 forma specialis, and 14 fungi and oomycetes concerned with Liliaceae plants. We propose that specific primers designed from this region will be useful to detect isolates of F. oxysporum that are pathogenic to lilies.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. [Distribution map].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
North America ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. ex Fr. f. sp. melonis Snyder & Hansen. Hosts: Muskmelon (Cucumis melo). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Morocco, Rhodesia, ASIA, India (Tamil Nadu), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, USSR (Armenia), AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (Queensland), EUROPE, Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, USSR (Moldavia), NORTH AMERICA, Canada, USA (general).

Ascochyta desmazieresii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Irish Republic

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta desmazieresii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne. DISEASE: Glume and leaf spot of Italian and perennial ryegrasses. At first leaf lesions start as small purplish or chocolate-brown spots with a distinct red-purple margin. With time these enlarge, become irregular or elliptical, up to 5 mm long and distinctly visible on both sides of the leaves. Finally the centres of older lesions fade to fawn to straw yellow with numerous pycnidia immersed within the leaf tissue on both sides of the leaves but usually abundant pycnidia occur on the lower side. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan); Europe (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Irish Republic, UK); N. America (USA, California, Oregon, Washington); S. America (Chile, Brazil). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported; infection is presumably spread by air-borne conidia in wet weather or heavy dews. The fungus is also probably carried over on crop residues and debris in soil.

Septoria antirrhini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria antirrhini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot, leaf drying, defoliation. HOSTS: Antirrhinum antirrhiniflorum, A. majus, A. siculum (Scrophulariaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. SOUTH AMERICA: Chile, Colombia. ASIA: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Israel. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by airborne, splash-dispersed conidia from infected plant debris and seed stocks. The disease is significantly more severe under wet weather conditions (SINADSKIY et al., 1985).

Xanthomonas oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Zizania Latifolia ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Zizania Aquatica ◽  
Weed Hosts

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Oryza sativa. Natural infection of Leersia oryzaides, Leersia oryzaides var. japonica and Zizania latifolia[Zizania aquatica] is known (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1959). Natural infection of Cyperus rotundus and C. difformis was reported in India (48, 460), but inoculation of these hosts in the Philippines failed (48, 1689). By inoculation many wild species of Oryza (45, 1789), Leptochloa filiformis (48, 1689), L. chinensis, L. panacea and Zizania aquatica (48, 1683) have all been found susceptible. DISEASE: Bacterial blight of rice and kresek disease of rice. Blight most commonly appears on leaves of young plants, after planting out, as water-soaked stripes at the margins. These enlarge and coalesce to give the characteristic yellowish lesions with wavy edges that occur mainly along the margins of the upper parts of the leaves. These lesions may later expand to cover much of the leaf, which turns whitish or greyish and dies. Leaf sheaths of the more susceptible varieties may be affected. Kresek, which occurs in tropical regions, is a strong systemic infection in which leaves or whole young plants wither and die. In older plants the leaves become pale yellow. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Limited to Asia (CMI Map 304, ed. 2, 1964). Occurrences not shown on this map include Korea, Taiwan and Indonesia (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Spread locally by wind and rain and also by flood and irrigation waters; gains entry to the field in infected planting material, to the nursery in seed, and to both nursery and field from volunteer rice plants and weed hosts usually via the irrigation water. Overwintering may occur on volunteers, on or in the rhizospheres of weed hosts, in stored infected straw and in seed, but it is unlikely in soil and plant debris exposed to the weather, at least under Japanese conditions (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1969). Infection is through hydathodes and wounds. Penetration through stomata results in a build-up of bacteria in the intercellular spaces, but it is not until they have been exuded on to the leaf surface and re-admitted through the hydathodes and thence into the vascular system, that symptoms of the disease appear (46, 2720).

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