Calonectria quinqueseptata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Severe Attack ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Calonectria quinqueseptata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Annona, Camellia sinensis, Eucalyptus, Eugenia caryophyllata and Hevea. DISEASE: Reported as causing a severe attack on clove seedlings. Leaf spots are circular, red at the periphery with a whitish centre. In severe attacks extensive brown patches appear and under humid conditions the clove leaves turn black (30, 431). Causes a leaf spot of Annona squamosa and damping-off of Eucalyptus (47, 765). On rubber minute chlorotic spots appear on immature leaves, becoming purplish-brown with a yellow halo. Older lesions have a dark brown margin with a white papery centre; the leaves become brittle but are not shed; the disease is severe in budwood nurseries only after pruning when subsequent flushing occurs in wet weather (52, 221). Causes a rare and minor leaf spot of Eucalyptus robusta and tea in Mauritius. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Indonesia, W. Malaysia and Mauritius. TRANSMISSION: Probably by wind-borne conidia.

Ascochyta sorghi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Indistinct Margin

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta sorghi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Sorghum bicolor and wild sorghums. DISEASE: Rough leaf spot of sorghum. On leaves symptoms appear as small circular to oblong light coloured spots with well defined reddish margin. Older lesions become broadly elliptic, greyish to yellow brown or purplish red, reaching 4-9 × 8-14 mm. Lesions often merge with one another to form large irregular necrotic areas up to 12.5 × 2.5 cm and the whole leaves may be killed. The variety of host plant mostly determines whether the leaf spots have a distinct red margin or an indistinct margin (Tarr, 1962; Edmunds & Zummo, 1975). Lesions may also occur on leaf sheaths and sometimes on leaf stalks. The disease appears to be severe on young plants whilst older plants have been reported to be resistant to attack (13, 746). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire); Asia (Burma, India); Europe (Italy); N. America (USA, Alabama, Georgia); USSR. TRANSMISSION: Infection has been claimed to be spread by air-borne conidia in wet weather or heavy dews and also by insects (Singh et al., 1951; Tarr, 1962; Edmunds & Zummo, 1975). The fungus has been reported to be carried over on crop residues of sorghum and debris in the soil (Singh et al., 1951; Edmunds & Zummo, 1975).

scholarly journals Molecular Phylogenetic Diversity and Biological Characterization of Diaporthe Species Associated with Leaf Spots of Camellia sinensis in Taiwan

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1434
Author(s):  
Hiran A. Ariyawansa ◽  
Ichen Tsai ◽  
Jian-Yuan Wang ◽  
Patchareeya Withee ◽  
Medsaii Tanjira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Camellia sinensis is one of the major crops grown in Taiwan and has been widely cultivated around the island. Tea leaves are prone to various fungal infections, and leaf spot is considered one of the major diseases in Taiwan tea fields. As part of a survey on fungal species causing leaf spots on tea leaves in Taiwan, 19 fungal strains morphologically similar to the genus Diaporthe were collected. ITS (internal transcribed spacer), tef1-α (translation elongation factor 1-α), tub2 (beta-tubulin), and cal (calmodulin) gene regions were used to construct phylogenetic trees and determine the evolutionary relationships among the collected strains. In total, six Diaporthe species, including one new species, Diaporthe hsinchuensis, were identified as linked with leaf spot of C. sinensis in Taiwan based on both phenotypic characters and phylogeny. These species were further characterized in terms of their pathogenicity, temperature, and pH requirements under laboratory conditions. Diaporthe tulliensis, D. passiflorae, and D. perseae were isolated from C. sinensis for the first time. Furthermore, pathogenicity tests revealed that, with wound inoculation, only D. hongkongensis was pathogenic on tea leaves. This investigation delivers the first assessment of Diaporthe taxa related to leaf spots on tea in Taiwan.

Cochliobolus pallescens. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Windward Islands

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus pallescens. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on many graminicolous and non-graminicolous hosts. Important cereals and grasses include Eleusine, Hordeum, Oryza, Panicum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Poa, Saccharum, Setaria, Sorghum, Triticum and Zea economically important dicot hosts include Allium (59, 4867), Arachis (53, 1647), Brassica (66, 3075), Canna, Calendula, Calotropis (44, 1832; 66, 3587), Carica (61, 5129), Cinnamomum, Citrus (68, 843), Coriandrum, Dahlia, Fagopyrum (64, 2425), Gaillardia, Hevea (56, 1257; 67, 5560), Musa (54, 4051), Solanum (50, 3484). DISEASE: Leaf spots of cereals, black point of wheat (44, 102), leaf spot and on stems of rubber (56, 1257; 67, 5560), ear rot of barley (62, 1005), rot of garlic (59, 4867). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Malawi, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad, USA, USSR, Venezuela, Windward Islands, Zambia, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne.

Ascochyta desmazieresii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Irish Republic

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta desmazieresii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne. DISEASE: Glume and leaf spot of Italian and perennial ryegrasses. At first leaf lesions start as small purplish or chocolate-brown spots with a distinct red-purple margin. With time these enlarge, become irregular or elliptical, up to 5 mm long and distinctly visible on both sides of the leaves. Finally the centres of older lesions fade to fawn to straw yellow with numerous pycnidia immersed within the leaf tissue on both sides of the leaves but usually abundant pycnidia occur on the lower side. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan); Europe (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Irish Republic, UK); N. America (USA, California, Oregon, Washington); S. America (Chile, Brazil). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported; infection is presumably spread by air-borne conidia in wet weather or heavy dews. The fungus is also probably carried over on crop residues and debris in soil.

Pestalotiopsis mangiferae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis mangiferae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Mangifera indica; also on Anacardium occidentale, Combretum decandrum, Eucalyptus spp., Mimusops spp., Vitis vinifera and many other unrelated host plants. DISEASE: Grey leaf spot of Mangifera indica. The spots vary in size from a few mm to several cm in length, are usually sharply delimited by a dark, raised border, and are silvery grey above and grey to brown below; leaf spots on other hosts are similar. Brown spot or rot of mango fruits is also known. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia; Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sabah, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka; Australia; Dominican Republic; Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Inoculation studies with conidia and mycelium have shown P. mangiferae to be a weak parasite, capable of infecting young injured leaves, injured fruits, older uninjured leaves and healthy fruits if in contact with diseased tissue (35, 378; 40, 421). It has been isolated from soil, but the possibility of transmission through soil has not been investigated.

Diaporthe manihotis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Severe Attack ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Pale Green

Abstract A description is provided for Diaporthe manihotis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Manihot esculenta. DISEASE: Leaf spot of cassava (46, 64) or sometimes referred to as Phomopsis blight of tapioca (54, 2588). In the early stages of infection the visible symptoms are pale green, watersoaked, small round spots on young leaves and petioles which rapidly enlarge and turn brown. Severe attack leads to defoliation and infection spreading to the stem. Affected areas become shrivelled with numerous pycnidia embedded in the tissue. On severely infected stems the bark starts to peel off gradually leading to partial or total girdling. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Nigeria); Asia (India); Central America and West Indies (S.E. Dominica); South America (Colombia). TRANSMISSION: Probably by watersplash-dispersed conidia.

Cercospora pappaea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Fruit Decay

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora pappaea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Caricapappaea (pawpaw). DISEASE: Leaf spot of pawpaw. Leaf spots are circular at first, but become irregular with age, 3-10 mm diam., pale brown on the upper surface, indistinct on the lower. The fungus may also cause small shallow black dots on the fruit; these lesions may enlarge up to 3 mm, but do not cause fruit decay (Weber 1973). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Mauritius, Malawi, Sudan Uganda, Asia: Burma, India Indonesia, Nepal; Australasia and Oceania: Papua New Guinea, Tonga; South America: Venezuela.

Pseudocercospora timorensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora timorensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), I. biloba, I. campanulata, I. cordofana, I. muricata, I. peltata, I. setifera.DISEASE: Leaf spot or brown leaf spot of sweet potato. Small circular lesions first form on the leaf borders and tips before spreading over the leaf surface. These leaf spots enlarge becoming brown to dark brown in colour with a verruculose surface. The larger leaf veins may delimit the spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: most countries; Asia: Hong-Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan; Australasia: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands; North America: West Indies (St Lucia). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia.

Xanthomonas ricini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Dark Green

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas ricini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ricinus communis. DISEASE: Normally a leaf spot disease in which the bacteria are confined to the parenchymatous tissues. The tiny, dark green, water-soaked spots expand and become brownish, angular and necrotic. They may coalesce to form larger necrotic areas and badly infected leaves become chlorotic and may drop. Occasionally petioles and succulent branches have minute oval or linear spots. Sabet (40, 334) obtained atypical symptoms from inoculation of buds. When the leaves opened, the main veins became infected and tissues dependent on infected veins became yellow and flaccid and finally withered. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Scattered, more or las world-wide (CMI Map 394, ed. 1, 1962). Extra references include Hong Kong (43, 345), Poland (48, 554b), Zambia and confirmation of Kenya. TRANSMISSION: Probably in wind and rain; it is rapid in wet weather. One report suggests that it is also seedborne (33, 181).

Phaeoseptoria vermiformis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Phaeoseptoria vermiformis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Triticale (Triticum × Secale), Avena (oats) and Triticum (wheat). DISEASE: Leaf spot of Triticale, wheat and oats. Lesions on leaves are irregular to elliptical, light brown to straw yellow. As infection progresses lesions enlarge to form blotches extending to the margins of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: East Africa and North America (Mexico, Patzcuaro). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by conidia dispersed by water splash in wet weather or heavy dews. So far the mode of infection under natural conditions and the spread of the disease have not been investigated. It has been suggested that P. vermiformis might persist on native grasses in the field and this could serve as a source of inoculum in addition to the infected stubble or debris left over from previous years crop.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document