Uromyces viciae-fabae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Early Source

Abstract A description is provided for Uromyces viciae-fabae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Lathyrus, Lens, Orobus, Pisum and Vicia species. DISEASE: Rust on leaves and stems of broad-bean, pea, vetch and lentil, causing partial defoliation of susceptible varieties. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide (CMI Map 200, Ed. 2, 1964). TRANSMISSION: Recorded seed-borne on broad-bean (11: 222) and in infected plant debris mixed with seed of Lens culinaris in India by Prasada & Verma (1948), who found infection disseminated chiefly by aecidiospores at temperatures below 25°C. At Delhi, aecidiospores and urediospores die after harvest but the teleutospores resist high temperatures and remain viable for 2 yr. when stored at 3-18°C, germinating in January to initiate fresh outbreaks of infection. Studies by Kispatic (1949) in Yugoslavia suggested that aecidiospores probably remain viable in Mediterranean climates, though unable to survive severe winters experienced in Northern regions. The uredio mycelium was found very resistant to both heat and sunlight and survived the winter in leaves and stems of autumn-sown broad-bean, producing new spores as an early source of infection in spring. Urediospores showed 30% germination after 5 months storage at 1°C.

Peronospora viciae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Peronospora Viciae

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora viciae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Vicia faba, V. sativa, Lathyrus sativus, Pisum sativum, P. arvense and other related forms. DISEASE: Downy mildew of peas. Downy greyish-violet growth forms on the under surface of the leaves, in patches of varying size, sometimes covering most of the leaf surface. In severely infected plants downy growth also develops on the stem and inflorescence and the leaves wither. The withered leaves contain oospores (Butler, 1918). Oospores also develop in the inflorescence and stem (32, 233; 44, 1756a). Causes severe loss, particularly in cool, wet years at temps, between 15 and 20°C and with rise of air RH (41, 295, 495; 45, 2294). Infection appears in the early stages of growth (36, 530). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide on peas (29, 336; 30, 20, 361, 417, 546; 33, 708; 34, 213, 271, 509; 36, 380, 519; 37, 5, 126; 39, 656; 41, 189, 216, 494; 43, 616; 44, 1031; 46, 1513i). TRANSMISSION: Initially through oospore infected soil coming from old infected plant debris (41, 272). During the growing season the spread is through wind blown sporangia (51, 4473) but they are short lived and need the proximity of the host plant for further development (Butler, 1918). Dormancy period of the oospores is also very short (41, 272).

Erysiphe pisi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Lens Esculenta

Abstract A description is provided for Erysiphe pisi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Papilionaceae, chiefly on Pisum, Dorcynium, Medicago and Vicia; also on Lupinus spp., Lens esculenta[Lens culinaris], Trifolium dubium and? Astragalus alpinus (Blumer, 1967). DISEASE: Powdery mildew of pea. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Internally seed borne (15: 338).

Septoria antirrhini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria antirrhini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot, leaf drying, defoliation. HOSTS: Antirrhinum antirrhiniflorum, A. majus, A. siculum (Scrophulariaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. SOUTH AMERICA: Chile, Colombia. ASIA: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Israel. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by airborne, splash-dispersed conidia from infected plant debris and seed stocks. The disease is significantly more severe under wet weather conditions (SINADSKIY et al., 1985).

Macrophomina phaseolina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Seed Surface ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Lower Stem

Abstract A description is provided for Macrophomina phaseolina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous; Young (1949) lists 284 hosts. DISEASES: Charcoal rot, ashy stem blight. The most frequent symptoms are a dry or wet, dark rot of the lower stem. In maize and sorghum this usually occurs near maturity; the cortex is destroyed, lodging may take place and numerous sclerotia are found on the vascular fibres (16: 310; 24: 96; 25: 109). Leaf lesions also occur on jute and legumes (4: 349; 23: 107; 26: 139). Stem rot and canker can be severe in potato, cotton and groundnut (15: 148; 24: 202, 228, 503; 34: 541; 47, 378). In conifers and many crops the fungus causes damping-off (13: 344; 17: 115; 21: 275; 26: 139; 35: 42; 38: 550; 40: 193; 45, 2846; 48, 2030). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in the tropics and subtropics. TRANSMISSION: Through plant debris in soil. Seed-borne spread may be important in some crops. Both sclerotia and pycnidia can occur on the seed surface and under the seed coat (18: 82; 27: 71). Sclerotia are probably the main source of infection which also occurs through conidia (26: 139). Sclerotia showed no loss in viability after 8 months and the fungus was recovered from cotton stubble after 24-42 weeks (25: 56; 35: 607).

Dilophospora alopecuri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. S. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Debris

Abstract A description is provided for Dilophospora alopecuri. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On culms, flowering shoots and leaves of grasses and cereals (wheat, oats, rye, barley). DISEASE: Twist of grasses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, Asia (India, Iraq, Pakistan), N. America (Canada, USA), Australia and New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: By splash-dispersed air-borne conidia during the growing season. Perennation by infected plant debris, soil and seed. Observations in the Netherlands (4, 140) and Russia (32, 415) led to the belief that nematodes (Anguillulina spp.) were important vectors of the fungus, but evidence elsewhere shows that this is unlikely (8, 300; 13, 20; 14, 296).

Septoria lepidii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Type Host ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria lepidii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf mortality. Clearly-defined leaf spots are not produced. Instead the whole leaf becomes discolored, turning pale brown or fawn, with the discoloration spreading from infection sites. Conidiomata are then produced as the whole leaf dies. HOSTS: Cardaria draba, C. propinqua, C. pubescens, C. repens (syn. : Lepidium repens), Lepidium affine, L. campestre, L. heterophyllum, L. latifolium, L. officinale, L. perfoliatum, L. sativum, L. sibiricum, L. smithii, L. vesicatorium (Brassicaceae). [Type host -L. heterophyllum.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Russia (West Siberia), Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Hungary, Moldova, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, UK, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersed conidia, also from infected plant débris.

Albugo candida. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Albugo Candida ◽  
White Rust ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
White Blister

Abstract A description is provided for Albugo candida. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On members of Cruciferae and Capparidaceae and also on leaves of Reseda alba (Jorstad, 1964). DISEASE: White blister or white rust of crucifers. Infection occurs mostly in young plants. White chalky pustules present all over the plant except the roots. Often causes damage to cabbage and its varieties and other crucifers (25, 416; 32, 100; 39, 334; 51, 813). The attacked parts often show marked hypertrophy, especially of the inflorescence. In rare instances galls have been found on roots of radish, contining oospores and globular haustoria (30, 194; 32, 81, 192; 33, 459). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide where hosts are present. TRANSMISSION: Primary infection is by zoospores from germinating zoospores left in the soil or plant debris from a previous crop (Butler & Jones, 1949; 34, 69, 336; 38, 582; 39, 753). Wind-borne sporangia also germinate by formation of zoospores.

Septoria oenotherae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Far East ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Apparent Infection Rate ◽  
Rain Splash ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria oenotherae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot. In seed stocks, conidiomata are usually encountered on fragments of pods, stems or leaves, and only rarely on the seeds (SIMPSON et al., 1995). Development of S. oenotherae leads to severe blight, with drying of all the leaves starting from the bottom of the plant. This reduces vitality of the plant, and may cause its death. HOSTS: Calylophus sp., Camissonia sp., Gaura sp., Godetia grandiflora, Ludwigia sp., Oenothera biennis (syn. : Onagra biennis), Oenothera decumbens, O. lamarkiana, O. muricata, O. odorata, O. sinuata (Onagraceae). [Type host - Oenothera biennis.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Korea, Russia (Far East). Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, UK, Ukraine. North America: Canada (Ontario), USA. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne or splash dispersed conidia from infected plant débris and seed stocks. Septoria oenotherae can be transmitted by infected débris in evening primrose seed stock; disease progress may then be influenced by variety, sanitation and chemical fungicides; further, the low rL (apparent infection rate) values can be taken as indicative of a primarily rain-splash spread disease (SIMPSON et al, 1999).

Fusarium flocciferum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Root Tuber ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium flocciferum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Isolated from soil. Also occurs on the roots of a wide range of plants, including temperate cereals (Hordeum, Triticum), legumes (Lupinus, Pisum, Vicia), cucurbits (Cucumis sativus), and others such as carrot (Daucus carota) and beet (Beta vulgaris); sometimes occurs in association with nematodes. DISEASE: Not regarded as an aggressive pathogen, but in association with nematodes may cause root lesions, damping-off, root, tuber or bulb rots. Reported to cause disorders of cultivated mushroom beds. Occasionally causes skin infections of animals (one IMI record from crocodile's tail). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread but infrequent, apparently more common in temperate regions. Reported from Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Turkey; Australasia: New Zealand; Europe: Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands, Poland, Turkey (W), UK; North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed locally by water flow and splash droplets. Chlamydospores may be transported by movement of soil or infected plant debris. It may also be seed-borne (71, 1568).

Phialophora asteris. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hawksworth
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Soil P

Abstract A description is provided for Phialophora asteris. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Aster novi-belgii cultivars (michaelmas daisy) and, more rarely, A. tradescantii. Cultivars of Callistephus chinensis are also very susceptible with A. amellus, A. linosyris and Bellis perennis moderately so; A. acris and A. novae-angliae appear to be resistant (Burge & Isaac, 1974). DISEASE: Vascular wilt of michaelmas daisies, aster wilt. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (UK, Netherlands, Denmark); New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by splash dispersed conidia and by infected plant debris in the soil.

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