Dilophospora alopecuri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. S. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Debris

Abstract A description is provided for Dilophospora alopecuri. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On culms, flowering shoots and leaves of grasses and cereals (wheat, oats, rye, barley). DISEASE: Twist of grasses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, Asia (India, Iraq, Pakistan), N. America (Canada, USA), Australia and New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: By splash-dispersed air-borne conidia during the growing season. Perennation by infected plant debris, soil and seed. Observations in the Netherlands (4, 140) and Russia (32, 415) led to the belief that nematodes (Anguillulina spp.) were important vectors of the fungus, but evidence elsewhere shows that this is unlikely (8, 300; 13, 20; 14, 296).

Septoria antirrhini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria antirrhini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot, leaf drying, defoliation. HOSTS: Antirrhinum antirrhiniflorum, A. majus, A. siculum (Scrophulariaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. SOUTH AMERICA: Chile, Colombia. ASIA: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Israel. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by airborne, splash-dispersed conidia from infected plant debris and seed stocks. The disease is significantly more severe under wet weather conditions (SINADSKIY et al., 1985).

Entyloma serotinum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Entyloma serotinum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Symphytum spp., including S. asperrimum, S. bulbosum, S. cordatum, S. officinale, S. ottomanum and S. tuberosum; Borago officinalis; also recorded on Amsinckia, Lappula and Mertensia spp. (in USA) and Pulmonaria (in Europe, but see 64, 4163). DISEASE: Leaf spot of Symphylum, less frequently (though with similar symptoms) of other members of the Boraginaceae.GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Algeria. Asia: Israel, USSR (Republic of Georgia). Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: widespread, including Austria, British Isles, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France (including Corsica), Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, USSR (Latvia), Yugoslavia. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores survive on infected plant remains and in soil, and germinate to infect seedlings and the new seasons's leaves. In Europe conidia may also over-winter and initiate new infections in spring (Kaiser, 1936). During the growing season, conidia are disseminated by air currents and water-splash.

Entyloma calendulae f. dahliae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Long Period

Abstract A description is provided for Entyloma calendulae f. dahliae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Dahlia variabilis, D. coccinia, D. pinnata; cultivated dahlia. DISEASE: Leaf spot of Dahlia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in Europe including Finland and Sweden; Africa; North America (USA); Central and South America and West Indies (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Venezuela); Asia (Burma, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Papua New Guinea); Australia and New Zealand. CMI Map 114, ed. 4, 1983. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Overwinters as ustilospores buried in plant debris; not transmitted by seed or in tubers, although spread by soil attached to tubers is possible (6, 97; 17, 655; 41, 603; 49, 1050); mature ustilospores are capable of remaining viable for a long period when dry (16, 304). Conidia contribute to dissemination during the growing season (49, 1050).

Peronospora viciae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Peronospora Viciae

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora viciae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Vicia faba, V. sativa, Lathyrus sativus, Pisum sativum, P. arvense and other related forms. DISEASE: Downy mildew of peas. Downy greyish-violet growth forms on the under surface of the leaves, in patches of varying size, sometimes covering most of the leaf surface. In severely infected plants downy growth also develops on the stem and inflorescence and the leaves wither. The withered leaves contain oospores (Butler, 1918). Oospores also develop in the inflorescence and stem (32, 233; 44, 1756a). Causes severe loss, particularly in cool, wet years at temps, between 15 and 20°C and with rise of air RH (41, 295, 495; 45, 2294). Infection appears in the early stages of growth (36, 530). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide on peas (29, 336; 30, 20, 361, 417, 546; 33, 708; 34, 213, 271, 509; 36, 380, 519; 37, 5, 126; 39, 656; 41, 189, 216, 494; 43, 616; 44, 1031; 46, 1513i). TRANSMISSION: Initially through oospore infected soil coming from old infected plant debris (41, 272). During the growing season the spread is through wind blown sporangia (51, 4473) but they are short lived and need the proximity of the host plant for further development (Butler, 1918). Dormancy period of the oospores is also very short (41, 272).

Fusarium flocciferum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Root Tuber ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium flocciferum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Isolated from soil. Also occurs on the roots of a wide range of plants, including temperate cereals (Hordeum, Triticum), legumes (Lupinus, Pisum, Vicia), cucurbits (Cucumis sativus), and others such as carrot (Daucus carota) and beet (Beta vulgaris); sometimes occurs in association with nematodes. DISEASE: Not regarded as an aggressive pathogen, but in association with nematodes may cause root lesions, damping-off, root, tuber or bulb rots. Reported to cause disorders of cultivated mushroom beds. Occasionally causes skin infections of animals (one IMI record from crocodile's tail). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread but infrequent, apparently more common in temperate regions. Reported from Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Turkey; Australasia: New Zealand; Europe: Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands, Poland, Turkey (W), UK; North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed locally by water flow and splash droplets. Chlamydospores may be transported by movement of soil or infected plant debris. It may also be seed-borne (71, 1568).

Phialophora asteris. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hawksworth
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Soil P

Abstract A description is provided for Phialophora asteris. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Aster novi-belgii cultivars (michaelmas daisy) and, more rarely, A. tradescantii. Cultivars of Callistephus chinensis are also very susceptible with A. amellus, A. linosyris and Bellis perennis moderately so; A. acris and A. novae-angliae appear to be resistant (Burge & Isaac, 1974). DISEASE: Vascular wilt of michaelmas daisies, aster wilt. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (UK, Netherlands, Denmark); New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by splash dispersed conidia and by infected plant debris in the soil.

Phialophora cinerescens. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hawksworth
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Plant Debris

Abstract A description is provided for Phialophora cinerescens. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pathogenic to species of Dianthus, Saponaria, Petrocoptis, Gypsophila, Vaccaria, Viscaria, Silene and Helianthus (52, 148; 49, 2500; 43, 760). Economically important on Dianthus. DISEASE: Carnation wilt. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (UK, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, Italy, France); N. America (USA); New Zealand; Asia (USSR). TRANSMISSION: Through the soil, by splash-dispersed conidia, persistence of infected plant debris in the soil or mycelial growth.

Entyloma ficariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Remains

Abstract A description is provided for Entyloma ficariae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ranunculus ficaria and other species of Ranunculus; R. acris, R. auricomus, R. bongardii, R. cassubicus, R. eremogenes, R. macounii, R. montanus, R. multifidus, R. nemorosus, R. occidentalis, R. oreophilus, R. pennsylvanicus, R. polyanthemos, R. repens, R. sardous, R. scleratus, R. septentrionalis; there are occasional records for other Ranunculaceae (Anemone, Thalictrum). DISEASE: Leaf spot or white smut of Ranunculus species. Infected plants often show slightly smaller leaves and fewer flowers than uninfected. Although the smut is not systemic, it is common for almost every leaf of a plant to develop spots and for disease to persist within a small area year after year. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in north temperate regions. Asia: Japan, Turkey, USSR; Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USSR; North America: Canada, USA (33: 450 & 634; Vanky, 1985). TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores survive in infected plant remains in soil and germinate, chiefly in spring, to infect the new seasons leaves. Conidia are disseminated by wind and rain and contribute to the spread of disease throughout the growing season.

Peronospora anemones. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Francis
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Lower Leaf Surface ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Secondary Infections

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora anemones. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Anemone coronaria, A. globosa. DISEASE: Downy mildew of anemones. Infected leaves lose their natural bloom, appearing dull green, almost grey in colour and are often down curled giving the plant a rounded appearance. As the disease progresses, leaf colour may change to shades of pink or purple with necrotic areas appearing on the older leaves. Invasion by secondary organisms (e.g. Botrytis cinerea) is common, especially after frost or storm injury, and this accelerates plant death. In favourable conditions conidiophores develop forming a whitish-grey down on the lower leaf surface, on the bracts and, less frequently, on the petioles. It is not uncommon for affected plants to show little or no sporulation and in these cases the presence of extensive intercellular mycelium and, later in the season, oospores in petioles and peduncles helps diagnosis. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australasia (New Zealand); Europe (England, Jersey, France, Italy, Netherlands). TRANSMISSION: Primary infection is caused by oospores in plant debris in the soil. Tramier (1963) was unable to germinate oospores and thus work out precise details of the conditions affecting their germination but he showed evidence that regular and prolonged rain encouraged germination. Conidia, which cause secondary infections, are dispersed by rain and during harvesting of the flowers. Wind is thought to be unimportant in their dissemination as shown by glass slides covered with vaseline and placed near an infected crop (Tramier, 1965).

Ulocladium atrum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. David
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Airborne Conidia

Abstract A description is provided for Ulocladium atrum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wood, seeds, stems, leaves of many different plants, soil. DISEASE: None. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Libya, Sierra Leone. N. America: Canada, USA (California, Colorado, Kansas). S. America: Argentina, Chile. Asia: India, Iraq, Israel, Kuwait, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey. Australasia: Australia (WA, VIC), New Zealand. Europe: Cyprus, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, UK. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia, and possibly through water, soil and plant debris.

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