scholarly journals Thiamin status during the third trimester of pregnancy and its influence on thiamin concentrations in transition and mature breast milk

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Ortega ◽  
Rosa M. Martínez ◽  
Pedro Andrés ◽  
Lilliam Marín-Arias ◽  
Ana M. López-Sobaler
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Thiamin Deficiency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Spanish Women

AbstractThiamin deficiency remains an important public health problem in some populations. The aim of the present investigation was to study thiamin status during the third trimester of pregnancy and its influence on the concentration of this vitamin in transition (days 13–14 of lactation) and mature breast milk (day 40 of lactation) in a group of Spanish women. The pregnancies and lactation periods of fifty-one healthy women 18–35 (mean 26·7 (sd 3·7)) years old were monitored. Vitamin intake during the third trimester was determined by recording the consumption of foods over 5 d and of the quantities provided by dietary supplements. Thiamin status during this stage of pregnancy was determined by measuring the activation coefficient of erythrocyte transketolase (α-ETK). Milk thiamin content was estimated (in 41% of the subjects) by oxidizing thiamin to thiocrome and measuring fluorescence. Subjects with thiamin intakes above that recommended (group H) had more satisfactory serum α-ETK coefficients (1·01 (sd 0·19)) than did those with lower intakes (group L) (1·21 (sd 0·30); P>0·05). Mature milk thiamin concentrations were significantly higher in group H subjects (0·59 (sd 0·44) μmol/l) than group L subjects (0·25 (sd 0·07) μmol/l). Subjects with α-ETK coefficients >1·25 in the third trimester had significantly lower mature milk thiamin concentration (0·31 (sd 0·10) μmol/l) than did subjects with more satisfactory α-ETK levels at this time (0·55 (sd 0·42) μmol/l; P>0·05). The thiamin status of women can be improved since 25·5% of subjects took less than that recommended and 13·7% showed signs of severe deficiency (α-ETK >1·25). The influence of maternal thiamin intake on α-ETK coefficients and on mature breast milk thiamin concentration is confirmed.

scholarly journals Ascorbic acid levels in maternal milk: differences with respect to ascorbic acid status during the third trimester of pregnancy

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Ortega ◽  
M. Elena Quintas ◽  
Pedro Andrés ◽  
Rosa M. Martínez ◽  
Ana M. López-Sobaler
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
The Third ◽  
Acid Intake ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Transition Milk

The aim of the present investigation was to study the relationship between ascorbic acid status during the third trimester of pregnancy and levels of this vitamin in transition milk (days 13–14 of lactation) and mature milk (day 40 of lactation). To this end, the pregnancies and lactation periods of fifty-seven healthy women between 18 and 35 years of age (27 (sd 3.7) years) were monitored. Vitamin intake during the third trimester was determined by recording the consumption of foods over 5 d, and by registering the quantities provided by dietary supplements. Ascorbic acid levels in maternal serum during this stage of pregnancy, and in transition and mature milk samples, were determined by spectrophotometry. Those subjects with ascorbic acid intakes below that recommended (80 mg/d) (group L) showed lower consumption of fruit and vegetables than did those with greater intakes (group H). The consumption of ascorbic acid supplements was very low, and was only seen in three group H subjects. The difference in ascorbic acid intake was reflected at serum level. Group L subjects showed significantly lower serum values than did group H subjects (30.1 (sd 36.3) μmol/l compared with 101.1 (sd 168.1) μmol/l). Vitamin intake also influenced the composition of transition milk. Group L subjects showed significantly lower levels of ascorbic acid in milk than did group H subjects (255.5 (sd 220.3) μmol/l compared with 437.8 (sd 288.4) μmol/l). The results of the present study reveal the need to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy and to monitor maternal ascorbic acid intake and vitamin C status.

Maternal vitamin E status during the third trimester of pregnancy in Spanish women: Influence on breast milk vitamin E concentration

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Ortega ◽  
Ana M. López-Sobaler ◽  
Pedro Andrés ◽  
Rosa M. Martínez ◽  
María Elena Quintas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
The Third ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
Vitamin E Status

Measurement of Cellular Immune Function of Breast Milk and Health Education of Pregnant and Lying in Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2954-2962
Author(s):  
Shasha Hao ◽  
Xiaorong Wang ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
The Third ◽  
Biological Specificity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Transition Milk ◽  
Cellular Immune

Breast milk is different from any nutritional substitutes. Breast milk has biological specificity. The most irreplaceable nutrient for newborns is breast milk. In order to determine the immunoprotective effect of breast milk on newborns, 30 primiparas were selected to obtain a little milk before feeding in three different periods, which were divided into colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk. The contents of CD3, CD4, CD8, SlgA, IgG and IgM positive cells in nuclear cells were observed by inverted fluorescence microscope. The contents of IL-8, IFN - γ, and potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in different time periods were compared between six groups. The results showed that the content of IFN - γ cells in colostrum was 1.61 and that of IL-8 cells was 0.83. However, the contents of IFN - γ cells and IL-8 cells in colostrum decreased to 0.31 and 0.36 at the time of transition milk. Therefore, breastfeeding from the third to the fifth day after delivery can give more immune cells to the newborn, which is conducive to the establishment of their own immune system. Therefore, in the teaching of health-related knowledge to pregnant women, we should advocate more maternal breastfeeding newborns, for the health of the newborn.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression during Pregnancy in Spanish Women: Trajectory and Risk Factors in Each Trimester

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6789
Author(s):  
M. Carmen Míguez ◽  
M. Belén Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
The Third ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
Probable Depression

The aims of this research were to determine the trajectories of probable depression and major depression during pregnancy and to identify the associated and predictor variables (sociodemographic, pregnancy-related, and psychological) for both conditions in each trimester of pregnancy. A longitudinal study was carried out with 569 pregnant Spanish women who were assessed in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and a clinical interview. Measures of anxiety and stress were also included. The prevalence of probable depression in the first, second, and third trimesters was 23.4%, 17.0%, and 21.4%, respectively, and that of major depression was 5.1%, 4.0%, and 4.7%. Thus, the prevalence of both conditions was the highest in the first and third trimesters. The trajectories of probable depression and major depression followed the same pattern throughout pregnancy. All of the psychological variables studied were associated with both conditions in all three trimesters, with perceived stress being a predictor at all times. The association between the other variables and both conditions of depression was similar. Two exceptions stand out: having had previous miscarriages, which was only associated with probable depression and was also a predictor, in the first trimester; and complications during pregnancy, which was only associated with probable and major depression in the third trimester. These findings should be taken into account in routine pregnancy follow-ups, and necessary interventions should be started in the first trimester.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Produksi ASI pada Ibu Hamil

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-381
Author(s):  
Fitriani Ningsih ◽  
Rizki Muji Lestari ◽  
Siti Santy Sianipar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
It Impacts ◽  
Risk Of Failure ◽  
Before And After

In breastfeeding, not all mothers can breastfeed exclusively. One of the main obstacles is the physical and psychological conditions of the postpartum mother. The low self-confidence of the mother about the success of breastfeeding can reduce the production of mother's milk. This condition greatly inhibits the release of breast milk, so that it impacts the risk of failure to achieve exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this activity is carried out as an effort to prepare pregnant women in the third trimester of exclusive breastfeeding. The methods used in this activity are lectures, demonstrations, and practices. The results of this activity were attended by 30 pregnant women in the third trimester. During the activity, the mothers were very enthusiastic; this was evident in the increase in their knowledge before and after being given information. In addition, during the hypnobreastfeeding and massage oxytocin training, the mother seemed comfortable and relaxed when participating in this activity

scholarly journals PELATIHAN CARA PERAWATAN PAYUDARA PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI DESA BANTARJAYA KECAMATAN PEBAYURAN KABUPATEN BEKASI TAHUN 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Ika Kania Fatdo Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Care Treatment ◽  
Care Training ◽  
Breast Care

ABSTRAKData Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2015 menyebutkan bahwa terdapat ibu nifas yang mengalami Bendungan ASI sebanyak 35.985 atau (15,60 %) ibu nifas (Meihartati, 2017). Hasil studi pendahuluan di Desa Bantarjaya tahun 2021 dengan wawancara dari 10 ibu menyusui, 7 ibu menyusui yang mengalami bendungan ASI dan penyebabnya pada saat hamil dan nifas tidak melakukan perawatan payudara. Perawatan payudara seharusnya dilakukan saat kehamila secara teratur agar produksi ASI saat menyusui cukup. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah agar ibu hamil bisa melakukan perawatan payudara secara rutin untuk persiapan ibu saat menyusui karena pentingnya ASI maka dilakukan Pelatihan Perawatan Payudara Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III Di Desa Bantarjaya Kecamatan Pebayuran Kabupaten Bekasi Tahun 2021.Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada hari Jumat 21 Mei 2021, bertempat di Balai Desa Bantar Jaya Kecamatan Pebayuran. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah ibu hamil trimester III yang bertempat tinggal di Desa Bantar Jaya sebanyak 43 orang. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini ada berupa pelatihan cara perawatan payudara pada ibu hamil trimester III di Desa Bantarjaya Kecamatan Pebayuran Kabupaten Bekasi tahun 2021. Alat yang digunakan berupa alat peraga (phantom), video cara perawatan payudara, leafleat dan poster yang terkait materi yang akan disampaikan dalam pelatihan tersebut.Hasil nilai pretest dan posttest dari 43 responden memiliki pengetahuan sedang tentang cara perawatan payudara yaitu nilai rata-rata sebesar 75,96%, setelah penyuluhan nilai rata-rata menjadi 90,4% (Pengetahuan Baik). Berdasarkan nilai pretes dan posttest tersebut ada peningkatan pengetahuan dari responden (14,34%). Hasil nilai praktik menunjukkan sebelun dilakukan pelatihan, dari 43 responden memiliki keterampilan yang cukup dalam melakukan perawatan payudara (nilai rata-rata 75,2%), setelah evaluasi nilai rata-rata menjadi 97,7% (Keterampilan Baik). Ada peningkatan keterampilan dari responden setelah evaluasi (22,5%).Kegiatan pelatihan payudara pada ibu hamil trimester III untuk mempersiapkan ibu hamil dalam pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada masa nifas. Dalam kegiatan ini masih kurangnya pengetahuan dan kemampuan ibu hamil melakukan perawatan payudara. Dengan diadakannya pelatihan cara perawatan payudara bagi ibu hamil trimester III, dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan ibu hamil dalam melakukan cara perawatan payudara. Kata Kunci : pelatihan; cara perawatan payudara; ibu hamil trimester III ABSTRACTAccording to the demography survey and Indonesian health in 2015, it stated that there were 35.985 or (15,60%) of the postpartum mothers encountered the dam breast milk (Meihartati, 2017). The preliminary study result in Bantar Jaya village, 2021 said that there were 7out 10 of Breast feeding mothers by interview had the dam breast milk. It was all because when they were pregnant and after the postpartum, they did not do the breast care treatment. In fact, the breast care treatment should be done regularly during the pregnancy in order to produce the enough breast milk. This activity aimed to encourage and support the pregnant women to do the breast care treatment regularly during the pregnancy. It was because breast milk was the important thing after the birth, so it required the training of breast care treatment to the third trimester of pregnant women in Bantar Jaya village Pabayuran district Bekasi regency 2021.The activity was conducted on Friday, 21st 2021 in village hall of Bantar Jaya, Pabayuran District. The target activity was 43 of third trimester of pregnant women who lived in Bantar Jaya Village. the method activity of this dedication applied the breast care training to the third trimester of pregnant women in Bantar Jaya Village, Pabayuran district, Bekasi Regency in 2021. The activity instruments were phantom, breast care treatment video, leaflet and poster which were filled by the training materials.The pretest and posttest result score stated that there 43 respondents which had the moderate knowledge of breast care, and it was 75, 96%. After the counseling, the 43 respondents’ knowledge increased to 90,4% (good knowledge). Based on the pretest and posttest, there was some enhancement of respondents’ knowledge to 14, 34%. The practical score showed that before having the counseling, the respondents only got the enough skill to do the breast care (the average score was 75,2%). However, after evaluating, the 43 respondents’ knowledge increased to 97, 7% (good skill). Furthermore, there was some skill enhancement of 43 respondents after having the evaluation (22, 5%).The breast care training activity to third trimester of pregnant women aimed to those pregnant women to get well prepared during pregnancy to do the exclusive breast feeding after the birth. In this activity, previously, they were still lack of breast care knowledge. By having this activity, there was enhancement of knowledge and capability of pregnant women in doing the breast care treatmentKeywords: counseling; breast care treatment; third trimester of pregnant women

scholarly journals Calcium levels in maternal milk: relationships with calcium intake during the third trimester of pregnancy

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Ortega ◽  
Rosa M. Martínez ◽  
M. Elena Quintas ◽  
Ana M. López-Sobaler ◽  
Pedro Andrés
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Transition Milk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of Ca intake and serum Ca levels during the third trimester of pregnancy with levels of the same mineral in transition milk (days 13−14 of lactation) and mature milk (day 40 of lactation). The study subjects were a group of fifty-seven healthy, lactating mothers aged between 18 and 35 years (mean 27 (SD3·7) years) whose pregnancies and labour were attended by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Cuenca INSALUD Hospital, Spain. Ca intake during the third trimester was determined by recording the consumption of foods over a 5 d period and by registering Ca provided by dietary supplements. The same method was used to investigate the intake of protein, vitamin D, fibre and Fe, nutrients that could affect the use of dietary Ca. Ca levels in maternal serum during this stage of pregnancy, during lactation and in transition and mature milk samples, were determined using 2-cresolphthalein complexone. During pregnancy 70·2% of subjects showed Ca intakes below 1100mg/d (75th percentile). The consumption of Ca supplements was very small and hardly modified the mean quantity supplied by the diet. Subjects with an intake < 1100mg/d showed no fall in Ca levels in serum, either during pregnancy or lactation, nor were decreased levels found in transition milk. However, these subjects showed lower Ca levels in mature milk (5·95 (SD1·56) mmol/1) than did subjects with greater Ca intakes (6·82 (SD1·31) mmol/1). This may suggest that breast-fed babies of mothers with lower Ca intakes during pregnancy also receive less Ca.

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