scholarly journals Ascorbic acid levels in maternal milk: differences with respect to ascorbic acid status during the third trimester of pregnancy

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Ortega ◽  
M. Elena Quintas ◽  
Pedro Andrés ◽  
Rosa M. Martínez ◽  
Ana M. López-Sobaler
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
The Third ◽  
Acid Intake ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Transition Milk

The aim of the present investigation was to study the relationship between ascorbic acid status during the third trimester of pregnancy and levels of this vitamin in transition milk (days 13–14 of lactation) and mature milk (day 40 of lactation). To this end, the pregnancies and lactation periods of fifty-seven healthy women between 18 and 35 years of age (27 (sd 3.7) years) were monitored. Vitamin intake during the third trimester was determined by recording the consumption of foods over 5 d, and by registering the quantities provided by dietary supplements. Ascorbic acid levels in maternal serum during this stage of pregnancy, and in transition and mature milk samples, were determined by spectrophotometry. Those subjects with ascorbic acid intakes below that recommended (80 mg/d) (group L) showed lower consumption of fruit and vegetables than did those with greater intakes (group H). The consumption of ascorbic acid supplements was very low, and was only seen in three group H subjects. The difference in ascorbic acid intake was reflected at serum level. Group L subjects showed significantly lower serum values than did group H subjects (30.1 (sd 36.3) μmol/l compared with 101.1 (sd 168.1) μmol/l). Vitamin intake also influenced the composition of transition milk. Group L subjects showed significantly lower levels of ascorbic acid in milk than did group H subjects (255.5 (sd 220.3) μmol/l compared with 437.8 (sd 288.4) μmol/l). The results of the present study reveal the need to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy and to monitor maternal ascorbic acid intake and vitamin C status.

scholarly journals Calcium levels in maternal milk: relationships with calcium intake during the third trimester of pregnancy

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Ortega ◽  
Rosa M. Martínez ◽  
M. Elena Quintas ◽  
Ana M. López-Sobaler ◽  
Pedro Andrés
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Transition Milk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of Ca intake and serum Ca levels during the third trimester of pregnancy with levels of the same mineral in transition milk (days 13−14 of lactation) and mature milk (day 40 of lactation). The study subjects were a group of fifty-seven healthy, lactating mothers aged between 18 and 35 years (mean 27 (SD3·7) years) whose pregnancies and labour were attended by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Cuenca INSALUD Hospital, Spain. Ca intake during the third trimester was determined by recording the consumption of foods over a 5 d period and by registering Ca provided by dietary supplements. The same method was used to investigate the intake of protein, vitamin D, fibre and Fe, nutrients that could affect the use of dietary Ca. Ca levels in maternal serum during this stage of pregnancy, during lactation and in transition and mature milk samples, were determined using 2-cresolphthalein complexone. During pregnancy 70·2% of subjects showed Ca intakes below 1100mg/d (75th percentile). The consumption of Ca supplements was very small and hardly modified the mean quantity supplied by the diet. Subjects with an intake < 1100mg/d showed no fall in Ca levels in serum, either during pregnancy or lactation, nor were decreased levels found in transition milk. However, these subjects showed lower Ca levels in mature milk (5·95 (SD1·56) mmol/1) than did subjects with greater Ca intakes (6·82 (SD1·31) mmol/1). This may suggest that breast-fed babies of mothers with lower Ca intakes during pregnancy also receive less Ca.

scholarly journals Thiamin status during the third trimester of pregnancy and its influence on thiamin concentrations in transition and mature breast milk

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Ortega ◽  
Rosa M. Martínez ◽  
Pedro Andrés ◽  
Lilliam Marín-Arias ◽  
Ana M. López-Sobaler
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Thiamin Deficiency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Spanish Women

AbstractThiamin deficiency remains an important public health problem in some populations. The aim of the present investigation was to study thiamin status during the third trimester of pregnancy and its influence on the concentration of this vitamin in transition (days 13–14 of lactation) and mature breast milk (day 40 of lactation) in a group of Spanish women. The pregnancies and lactation periods of fifty-one healthy women 18–35 (mean 26·7 (sd 3·7)) years old were monitored. Vitamin intake during the third trimester was determined by recording the consumption of foods over 5 d and of the quantities provided by dietary supplements. Thiamin status during this stage of pregnancy was determined by measuring the activation coefficient of erythrocyte transketolase (α-ETK). Milk thiamin content was estimated (in 41% of the subjects) by oxidizing thiamin to thiocrome and measuring fluorescence. Subjects with thiamin intakes above that recommended (group H) had more satisfactory serum α-ETK coefficients (1·01 (sd 0·19)) than did those with lower intakes (group L) (1·21 (sd 0·30); P>0·05). Mature milk thiamin concentrations were significantly higher in group H subjects (0·59 (sd 0·44) μmol/l) than group L subjects (0·25 (sd 0·07) μmol/l). Subjects with α-ETK coefficients >1·25 in the third trimester had significantly lower mature milk thiamin concentration (0·31 (sd 0·10) μmol/l) than did subjects with more satisfactory α-ETK levels at this time (0·55 (sd 0·42) μmol/l; P>0·05). The thiamin status of women can be improved since 25·5% of subjects took less than that recommended and 13·7% showed signs of severe deficiency (α-ETK >1·25). The influence of maternal thiamin intake on α-ETK coefficients and on mature breast milk thiamin concentration is confirmed.

Measurement of Cellular Immune Function of Breast Milk and Health Education of Pregnant and Lying in Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2954-2962
Author(s):  
Shasha Hao ◽  
Xiaorong Wang ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
The Third ◽  
Biological Specificity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Transition Milk ◽  
Cellular Immune

Breast milk is different from any nutritional substitutes. Breast milk has biological specificity. The most irreplaceable nutrient for newborns is breast milk. In order to determine the immunoprotective effect of breast milk on newborns, 30 primiparas were selected to obtain a little milk before feeding in three different periods, which were divided into colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk. The contents of CD3, CD4, CD8, SlgA, IgG and IgM positive cells in nuclear cells were observed by inverted fluorescence microscope. The contents of IL-8, IFN - γ, and potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in different time periods were compared between six groups. The results showed that the content of IFN - γ cells in colostrum was 1.61 and that of IL-8 cells was 0.83. However, the contents of IFN - γ cells and IL-8 cells in colostrum decreased to 0.31 and 0.36 at the time of transition milk. Therefore, breastfeeding from the third to the fifth day after delivery can give more immune cells to the newborn, which is conducive to the establishment of their own immune system. Therefore, in the teaching of health-related knowledge to pregnant women, we should advocate more maternal breastfeeding newborns, for the health of the newborn.

scholarly journals P13.11: Maternal serum levels of PlGF and sFlt‐1 in a low‐risk population of pregnant women in the third trimester in predicting pre‐eclampsia

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (S1) ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
L. Roubalova ◽  
K. Langova ◽  
V. Kroutilova ◽  
V. Durdova ◽  
T. Kratochvilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
The Third

scholarly journals The association between level of maternal serum leptin in the third trimester and the occurrence of moderate preterm labor

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Fakor ◽  
Seyedeh Hajar Sharami ◽  
Forozan Milani ◽  
Fariba Mirblouk ◽  
Sodabeh Kazemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
The Third

Activin A and follistatin are dynamically regulated during human pregnancy

1997 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
T K Woodruff ◽  
P Sluss ◽  
E Wang ◽  
I Janssen ◽  
M S Mersol-Barg
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
The Third

Abstract Activin A (βA–βA) and activin B (βB–βB) are related dimeric proteins that regulate numerous cellular activities. Activin activity is bioneutralized by follistatin, a specific and high-affinity binding protein. Recently, our group developed specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent activin assays that do not detect either activin isoform when bound to follistatin, therefore, the assays are specific for biologically relevant ligands. Activin A is measurable in the serum of pregnant women (cross-sectional sample collection), while activin B is not detected in maternal serum. However, activin B is measurable in amniotic fluid and cord blood sera. The purpose of this study was to measure serum activin A, activin B, and follistatin prospectively in longitudinally collected samples during pregnancy. This study design offered observations of relative changes in serum hormone concentration with each person serving as an internal reference. Serum samples were collected bimonthly from seven pregnant women beginning within the second month of gestation, and up to, but not including, the onset of labor. Six of the seven women had normal labor and delivery. One patient required pitocin (an oxytocin agonist) for induction of labor which led to delivery. Activin A, activin B, total follistatin, free follistatin, human chorionic gonadotropin, estradiol, progesterone, FSH, and LH were measured in maternal serum samples using specific assays. Serum activin A levels increased in the final month of pregnancy in the six patients who delivered following normal labor (<0·78 ng/ml (first trimester) to 1–6 ng/ml (term)). Activin B was not detected in any serum sample (<0·78 pg/ml). Total serum follistatin (free follistatin, follistatin–activin, and follistatin–inhibin) increased 10- to 45-fold in the final month of pregnancy in four of the women undergoing normal labor (10 ng/ml (first trimester) to 100–450 ng/ml (final month)). Total follistatin was high and variable in two women throughout pregnancy. Total follistatin returned to basal serum concentration in three of the patients during the last 2 weeks of pregnancy. Free follistatin was detected throughout pregnancy (range <2–35 ng/ml). Free follistatin represented a small percentage of the total follistatin throughout the time of pregnancy and did not rise coincident with the rise in total follistatin. Serum activin A and activin B were not detected during the entire course of pregnancy in the one patient who did not have normal labor and total follistatin did not rise in the last trimester of pregnancy. Gonadotropin and steroid hormones were measured in all patients and were within normative ranges for human pregnancy (inclusive of the non-laboring patient). The results suggest that immunodetectable activin A is present in the third trimester of pregnant women who have normal onset labor. The total follistatin assay results suggest that follistatin–activin (or –inhibin) complexes are upregulated during the third trimester of pregnancy. Importantly, activin A production exceeds the binding capacity of circulating follistatin. Because binding protein free activin A is biologically active we conclude that the activin A detected in late pregnancy is biologically relevant. The findings are consistent with our hypothesis that activin A is an endocrine factor during the last trimester of human pregnancy and may be involved in normal labor. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 152, 167–174

scholarly journals Increased maternal leptin levels may be an indicator of subclinical hypotyroidsm in newborn

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANDE KARPUZOGLU
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tsh Levels

Background: Several factors may influence newborn thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations and cause subclinical hypothyroidism in the newborn. A sufficient level of leptin signaling is needed for the normal production of TSH and the production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. In our study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between maternal serum leptin concentration during the third trimester of pregnancy and newborn screening-TSH levels. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in clinics of obstetrics and gynecology of a state hospital between June and August 2013. Maternal venous blood samples were collected from 270 healthy pregnant women in the third trimester just before delivery. Measurement of maternal fT3, fT4, TSH, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibodies from serum samples were performed by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Maternal serum leptin levels were determined by ELISA. Dried capillary blood spots were used to measure newborn TSH levels. Results: Subjects were divided into two groups according to the neonatal TSH levels using a cut-point of 5.5 mIU/L. Median maternal serum leptin levels were significantly higher in newborns whose TSH levels were higher than >5.5 mIU/L [13.2 µg/L (1.3 – 46.5) vs. 19.7 µg/L  (2.4 – 48.5), p<0.05]. Serum leptin levels showed a negative correlation with maternal fT4 (r=0.32, p<0.05), fT3 (r=0.23, p<0.05), and a positive correlation with BMI (r=0.30 p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that high leptin levels in the third trimester of pregnancy influence maternal thyroid functions and might cause and increase in newborn TSH levels. Detection of high maternal serum leptin levels may be a reason for subclinical hypothyroidism.

Second-trimester maternal serum markers in the prediction of preeclampsia

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Luo ◽  
Xiujun Han
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractAim:To determine whether late second-trimester maternal serum biomarkers are useful for the prediction of preeclampsia during the third trimester, a case-control study including 33 preeclamptic and 71 healthy pregnancies was conducted. Maternal serum concentrations of placental protein 13 (PP13), pregnancy-associated plasma protein (PAPP-A), pentraxin3 (PTX3), soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), myostatin and follistatin-like-3 (FSLT-3) were measured at 24–28 weeks’ gestation. All the concentrations of these markers were compared between the preeclamptic and control groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to assess sensitivity and specificity of serum markers with significant difference.Results:The levels of PP13 and sFlt-1 were significantly increased and FSLT3 was significantly decreased in patients with preeclampsia. However, the concentration of PAPPA, PTX3 and myostatin did not differ significantly. In screening for preeclampsia during the third trimester by PP13, sFlt-1 and FSLT3, the detection rate was 61.3%, 48.1% and 39.1%, respectively, at 80% specificity, and the detection rate increased to 69.8% by combination of these three markers.Conclusion:Maternal serum levels of PP13, sFlt-1 and FSLT3 play an important role in predicting late-onset preeclampsia, and the combination of these three markers significantly increases the detection rate for prediction.

Maternal Serum Diamine Oxidase Activity in the Third Trimester

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Legge ◽  
E. M. Hammond ◽  
B. J. Ncwsomc ◽  
G. B. Duff ◽  
D. R. Aickin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Diamine Oxidase ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Diamine Oxidase Activity
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