scholarly journals Alterations in mood after changing to a low-fat diet

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita S. Wells ◽  
Nicholas W. Read ◽  
Jonathan D. E. Laugharne ◽  
N. S. Ahluwalia
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet

The effects on mood of reducing dietary fat while keeping the energy constant were examined in ten male and ten female healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 37 years. Each volunteer consumed a diet containing 41% energy as fat for 1 month. For the second month half of the subjects changed to a low-fat diet (25% energy from fat) and the remainder continued to eat the diet containing 41% energy from fat. Changes in mood and blood lipid concentrations were assessed before, during and at the end of the study. Profile of mood states (POMS) ratings of anger–hostility significantly increased in the intervention group after 1 month on the low-fat diet, while during the same period there was a slight decline in anger–hostility in the control subjects (group F 6.72; df 1,14; P = 0.021). Tension–anxiety ratings declined in the control group consuming the higher fat diet but did not change in the group consuming the low-fat diet (group F 6.34; df 1,14; P = 0.025). There was a decline in fasting concentrations of HDL-cholesterol after the low-fat diet and a small increase in subjects consuming the medium-fat diet (group F 4.96; df 1,12; P = 0.046), but no significant changes in concentrations of total serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol or triacylglycerol were observed. The results suggest that a change in dietary fat content from 41 to 25% energy may have adverse effects on mood. The alterations in mood appear to be unrelated to changes in fasting plasma cholesterol concentrations.

scholarly journals The effect of a low-fat diet on luteal-phase prolactin and oestradiol concentrations and erythrocyte phospholipids in normal premenopausal women

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Williams ◽  
Karen Maunder ◽  
D. Theale
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Inositol Phospholipids

1. Fifteen normal premenopausal women followed a low-fat diet for a period of 2 months.2. Daily fat intake was reduced from 81 g on their customary diet to 36 g on the low-fat diet. A significant reduction in total energy intake and an increase in the dietary polyunsaturated fat: saturated fat ratio was also observed. There was a significant decline in body-weight, percentage body fat and total serum cholesterol, but no significant change in high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol.3. Luteal-phase prolactin concentrations were not altered, but there was a significant decline in oestradiol concentrations on the low-fat diet. The proportion of erythrocyte inositol-phospholipid was increased on the low-fat diet and there was a significant increase in the 20:4ω6 (arachidonate) content of inositol-phospholipids. No significant changes in the content or fatty acid compositions of other phospholipid fractions were observed.4. Further investigation of the effect of level and type of dietary fat on the content and fatty acid composition of membrane inositol-phospholipids are required. Long-term studies investigating the response of both prolactin and oestradiol to dietary fat reduction are also warranted.

scholarly journals NIGELLA SATIVA (KALONJI)

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ANWAR BURIRO ◽  
MUHAMMAD TAYYAB ◽  
ALLAH DITTA
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The increased level of LDL-c in the serum has a high risk and the increased serum HDL-c level has a low risk for the development of atherosclerosis. The effect of Nigella Sativa on levels of cholesterol fractions were determined in this study on rats. Methods: 24 albino rats of 08 weeks age having equal number of males and females were kept at optimum atmospheric condition. The blood samples were taken at the start and different control and experimental diets were given for 24 weeks. The experimental diets were added with Nigella Sativa as 30 mg/kg body weight. The blood samples were taken at the end of study. The blood samples drawn at the start and end of the study were estimated for serum cholesterol. The results of control and experimental groups were compared. Results: Total serum cholesterol in the control group showed increase from 8.3±3.30 to 13.96±9.3 at 24 weeks. The serum HDL cholesterol showed increase from 44.4±6.12 to 80.45±5.95 level at 24 weeks. The serum LDL cholesterol showed increase from 8.3±3.30 to 13.96±9.3 at 24 weeks. The total serum cholesterol in experimental group was increased from 76.9±6.5 to 117.5± 6.65 at 24 weeks. The serum HDL cholesterol levels was increased from 41.7±4.9 to 83.42±5.92 at 24 weeks as compared with control group. The LDL cholesterol levels were decreased from 12.7±6.9 to 8.5±7.8 at 24 weeks. Conclusions: This study shows significant decrease in serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and increase in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

scholarly journals Effects of Intralipid infusion on rat serum lipoproteins

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor M. Wasan ◽  
V. Bruce Grossie ◽  
Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Fischer 344

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of continuous Intralipid® infusions on serum HDL and LDL levels in the rat. Male Fischer 344 rats were infused continuously via central venous catheter with 10% Intralipid® for 96 h and 5, or 2.5% Intralipid for 14 days. Blood samples were collected during the infusion period for total serum cholesterol, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol measurements. Food intake was monitored during the studies. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly elevated following 96 h of infusion with 10% Intralipid with food intake significantly decreased compared to a control group. In a second experiment, animals received a continuous infusion of either 5% Intralipid, 2.5% Intralipid or 0.45% saline for 14 days. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly elevated following 14 days of infusion with 5% Intralipid group compared to controls but food intake remained constant for 12 days with no evident toxicity.

scholarly journals Enterostatin deficiency increases serum cholesterol but does not influence growth and food intake in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. E856-E865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Miller ◽  
Dymphna D'Agostino ◽  
Charlotte Erlanson-Albertsson ◽  
Mark E. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet

A pentapeptide released from procolipase, enterostatin, selectively attenuates dietary fat intake when administered peripherally or centrally. Enterostatin may act through the afferent vagus nerve and in the hypothalamus and amygdala, primarily in the central nucleus of the amygdala. To investigate the physiological role of endogenous enterostatin, we created an enterostatin-deficient, colipase-sufficient ( Ent−/−) mouse. Ent−/− mice are viable, normally active, and fertile. They exhibit normal growth on low-fat and high-fat diets. Furthermore, Ent−/− mice develop diet-induced obesity, as do Ent+/+ mice, and have normal responses to a two-macronutrient choice diet and to a switch from a high-fat to a low-fat diet. Levels of total serum ( P = 0.004) and non-HDL ( P ≤ 0.001) cholesterol were higher and levels of HDL cholesterol ( P = 0.01) were lower in Ent−/− than in wild-type mice. To determine whether enterostatin contributed to the decreased survival or whether colipase deficiency was the sole contributor, we administered enterostatin to procolipase-deficient ( Clps−/−) mouse pups. Enterostatin significantly improved survival ( P ≤ 0.001). Our results demonstrate that enterostatin is not critically required to regulate food intake or growth, suggesting that other pathways may compensate for the loss of enterostatin. Enterostatin has developmental effects on survival of newborns and alters cholesterol metabolism.

scholarly journals Low-Fat Nondairy Minidrink Containing Plant Stanol Ester Effectively Reduces LDL Cholesterol in Subjects with Mild to Moderate Hypercholesterolemia as Part of a Western Diet

Cholesterol ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarit Hallikainen ◽  
Johan Olsson ◽  
Helena Gylling
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Plant Stanol Ester ◽  
Plant Stanols ◽  
Plant Stanol ◽  
Stanol Ester

The cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant stanol ester (STAEST) added to fat- or milk-based products is well documented. However, their efficacy when added to nondairy liquid drinks is less certain. Therefore, we have investigated the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of STAEST added to a soymilk-based minidrink in the hypercholesterolemic subjects. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study, the intervention group (n=27) consumed 2.7 g/d of plant stanols as the ester in soymilk-based minidrink (65 mL/d) with the control group (n=29) receiving the same drink without added plant stanols once a day with a meal for 4 weeks. Serum total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations were reduced by 8.0, 11.1, and 10.2% compared with controls (P<0.05 for all). Serum plant sterol concentrations and their ratios to cholesterol declined by 12–25% from baseline in the STAEST group while the ratio of campesterol to cholesterol was increased by 10% in the controls (P<0.05 for all). Serum precursors of cholesterol remained unchanged in both groups. In conclusion, STAEST-containing soymilk-based low-fat minidrink consumed once a day with a meal lowered LDL and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations without evoking any side effects in subjects consuming normal Western diet. The clinical trial registration number is NCT01716390.

scholarly journals Optimal macronutrient balance

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Fat Diets

There is at present a justifiable debate as to the optimum level of total dietary fat which will reduce the risk of obesity without an elevation of plasma triacylglycerol or a depression of plasma HDL-cholesterol. Total plasma cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels are lowered and risk of fatal myocardial infarction is lowered when either saturated or trans-unsaturated fatty acids are replaced isoenergetically by either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. The triacylglycerol-raising and HDL-lowering effects of low-fat high-carbohydrate diets can be over-come with low intakes of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and moderate exercise. Whilst a reduction in dietary fat is being attained in many countries, the reduction is uniform across all fatty acids, leaving dietary fat composition unchanged. The ability of low-fat diets to reduce cholesterol and cause a fall in body weight is not influenced by the carbohydrate ratio starch: sugars in the diet. However, weight-gain susceptibility to high intakes of dietary fat and the plasma cholesterol responsiveness to diet are considerably influenced by common genetic polymorphisms.

scholarly journals The Mediterranean Eating in Scotland Experience project: evaluation of an Internet-based intervention promoting the Mediterranean diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Papadaki ◽  
Jane A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Feedback Intervention ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
The Mediterranean

A 6-month intervention study with a quasi-experimental design was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an Internet-based, stepwise, tailored-feedback intervention promoting four key components of the Mediterranean diet. Fifty-three (intervention group) and nineteen (control group) healthy females were recruited from the Universities of Glasgow and Glasgow Caledonian, Scotland, respectively. Participants in the intervention group received tailored dietary and psychosocial feedback and Internet nutrition education over a 6-month period, while participants in the control group were provided with minimal dietary feedback and general healthy-eating brochures. Internet education was provided via an innovative Mediterranean Eating Website. Dietary changes were assessed with 7 d estimated food diaries at baseline and 6 months, and data were analysed to calculate the Mediterranean Diet Score, a composite score based on the consumption of eight components of the traditional Mediterranean diet. The ‘intention-to-treat’ analyses showed that, at 6 months, participants in the intervention group had significantly increased their intake of vegetables, fruits and legumes, as well as the MUFA:saturated fatty acid ratio in their diet, and had significantly increased plasma HDL-cholesterol levels and a reduced ratio of total:HDL-cholesterol. Participants in the control group increased their intake of legumes but showed no other favourable significant changes compared with baseline. This Internet-based, tailored-feedback intervention promoting components of the Mediterranean diet holds promise in encouraging a greater consumption of plant foods, as well as increasing monounsaturated fat and decreasing saturated fat in the Scottish diet; it also shows that the Mediterranean diet can be adopted by healthy individuals in northern European countries.

Dietary fat and adiposity: a dose-response relationship in adult male rats fed isocalorically

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. E546-E550 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Boozer ◽  
G. Schoenbach ◽  
R. L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

This study examined the effects of increasing levels of dietary fat fed isocalorically on body weight, body composition, and adipose distribution. Adult male rats were weight matched into four groups. One group that was fed a low-fat diet (12%) served as reference controls. The other three groups were fed diets of 24, 36, or 48% fat in amounts to equal the energy intake of the control group. After 6 wk, body weights of the four groups were not significantly different. Intrascapular brown fat did not differ between groups. Total body fat and adipose depot weights, however, increased in proportion to the level of fat in the diet. Total body fat and retroperitoneal and mesenteric depot weights of the 48% fat group were greater than controls (P < 0.05). Mesenteric fat in this group was also significantly increased over all other groups (P < 0.05). These results show that high-fat diets fed to adult animals cause increased body fat in the absence of significant changes in body weight and that mesenteric fat is increased disproportionately.

scholarly journals Effect of interventions with ingestion of legumes and/or supervised exercise on the lipid profile of young, healthy sedentary women

2010 ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Fajardo ◽  
Dora G. Castellanos ◽  
Myriam Chinchilla ◽  
Luz N. Vargas ◽  
Martha Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
Sedentary Women

Objective: To contribute to the knowledge of some aspects of the Healthy Life Style by studying the effects of including legumes in the diet and exercise at two intensity levels, along with the lipid profile of young sedentary women living at 2640 meters above sea level. Materials and methods: The study included a non-randomized clinical trial with four intervention groups: exercise at 45% VO2 peak plus legumes in diet, exercise at 65% VO2 peak plus legumes in diet, only exercise at 65% VO2 peak, and only inclusion of legumes in diet. In each group, 20 to 23 sedentary women were included. The intervention was carried out for four weeks, three days a week. Exercise prescription was based on measurement of VO2 peak by ergospirometry; and the current intervention was monitored with heart-rate monitors. The outcome variables were total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triacylglycerols measured at baseline and after two and four weeks of intervention. Results: The measurements taken of participants in the group of exercise at 65% VO2 peak plus legumes in diet showed a reduction of 19.8 mg/dl in total cholesterol, of 21.8 mg/dl of LDL cholesterol, of 20.7 mg/dl of tracylglycerol, and an increase of 6.2 mg/dl of HDL cholesterol. The serum levels of HDL also increased in the group of only exercise at 65% VO2 peak. No significant changes in serum levels were documented for participants in the group with only dietary modifications. Conclusions: The results suggest that different interventions that meet some of the criteria for healthy eating and life style show different effects with regards to the level of change in the lipid profile components.

THE LIPID METABOLISM IN YOUNG AND MEDIUM MEN AGE WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND RECURRENT EPISODES OF ISCHEMIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Golikov A.V. ◽  
Epifanov S.Yu. ◽  
Reiza V.A.
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Recurrent Myocardial Infarction

Relevance. Dyslipidemia is considered one of the main risk factors for the development of recurrent myocardial infarction and early postinfarction angina. Aim. To evaluate the features of lipid metabolism in acute and subacute myocardial infarction in men under 60 years old with recurrent episodes of ischemia (recurrent myocardial infarction and/or early postinfarction angina) to search for new approaches to improve prevention measures. Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with type I myocardial infarction. Patients are divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with recurrent myocardial infarction - 68 patients; II - control, without it - 427 patients. A comparative assessment of lipid metabolism parameters and their dynamics in selected groups were performed. Results. The study group differed in higher levels of total serum cholesterol (6.17±1.78 mmol/l) from the control group (5.56±1.28 mmol/l; p=0.02) at the end of the third week of disease, its dynamics during the observation period (I: 9.1%; p<0.0001; II: -1.8%; p<0.0001) and the dynamics of the atherogenic coefficient (I: -4.7.1; p=0.02; II: 6.3%; p<0.0001). In both groups, the group showed an increase in lipoproteins of low (I: 33.1; p=0.02; II: 45.5%; p<0.0001) and very low density (I: 275.8; p=0,0004; II: 233.4%; p<0.0001), atherogenic indices, decrease: triglycerides (I: -31.8%; p=0.02; II: -1.7%; p<0.0001) and high-density lipoproteins (I: -0.6%; p=0.02; II: -6.1%; p<0.0001). Conclusions. The group with recurrent ischemia is characterized by more pronounced hypercholesterolemia at the end of the subacute period of myocardial infarction in comparison with the control group due to an increase in the concentrations of atherogenic lipid metabolism fractions. The dynamics of indices and the coefficient of atherogenicity during this period is multidirectional, which requires additional study.

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