scholarly journals The effect of a low-fat diet on luteal-phase prolactin and oestradiol concentrations and erythrocyte phospholipids in normal premenopausal women

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Williams ◽  
Karen Maunder ◽  
D. Theale
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Inositol Phospholipids

1. Fifteen normal premenopausal women followed a low-fat diet for a period of 2 months.2. Daily fat intake was reduced from 81 g on their customary diet to 36 g on the low-fat diet. A significant reduction in total energy intake and an increase in the dietary polyunsaturated fat: saturated fat ratio was also observed. There was a significant decline in body-weight, percentage body fat and total serum cholesterol, but no significant change in high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol.3. Luteal-phase prolactin concentrations were not altered, but there was a significant decline in oestradiol concentrations on the low-fat diet. The proportion of erythrocyte inositol-phospholipid was increased on the low-fat diet and there was a significant increase in the 20:4ω6 (arachidonate) content of inositol-phospholipids. No significant changes in the content or fatty acid compositions of other phospholipid fractions were observed.4. Further investigation of the effect of level and type of dietary fat on the content and fatty acid composition of membrane inositol-phospholipids are required. Long-term studies investigating the response of both prolactin and oestradiol to dietary fat reduction are also warranted.

scholarly journals Alterations in mood after changing to a low-fat diet

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita S. Wells ◽  
Nicholas W. Read ◽  
Jonathan D. E. Laugharne ◽  
N. S. Ahluwalia
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet

The effects on mood of reducing dietary fat while keeping the energy constant were examined in ten male and ten female healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 37 years. Each volunteer consumed a diet containing 41% energy as fat for 1 month. For the second month half of the subjects changed to a low-fat diet (25% energy from fat) and the remainder continued to eat the diet containing 41% energy from fat. Changes in mood and blood lipid concentrations were assessed before, during and at the end of the study. Profile of mood states (POMS) ratings of anger–hostility significantly increased in the intervention group after 1 month on the low-fat diet, while during the same period there was a slight decline in anger–hostility in the control subjects (group F 6.72; df 1,14; P = 0.021). Tension–anxiety ratings declined in the control group consuming the higher fat diet but did not change in the group consuming the low-fat diet (group F 6.34; df 1,14; P = 0.025). There was a decline in fasting concentrations of HDL-cholesterol after the low-fat diet and a small increase in subjects consuming the medium-fat diet (group F 4.96; df 1,12; P = 0.046), but no significant changes in concentrations of total serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol or triacylglycerol were observed. The results suggest that a change in dietary fat content from 41 to 25% energy may have adverse effects on mood. The alterations in mood appear to be unrelated to changes in fasting plasma cholesterol concentrations.

scholarly journals The nutritive value of fat in the diet of the milk-fed lamb

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Stokes ◽  
D. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns

1. The fatty acid composition of the depot fats of thirty-six preruminant lambs was determined. Four lambs were slaughtered at 3 d of age, two lambs were fed on a low-fat diet for 28 d, and thirty lambs in groups of three were given ten different dietary fats in artifcial milk diets for 28 d.2. The fatty acid patterns of the carcass fats were closely related to those of the dietary fats, and within-treatment variations were extremely low. Significant differences in fatty acid composition were observed between the skin, carcass, perinephric and subcutaneous lipids, irrespective of the diet given.3. The carcass lipids of lambs given the low-fat diet were similar in their fatty acid composition to those of lambs aged 3 d, though the former lambs lost fat from the carcass during the experimental period.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding diets of varying fatty acid composition on apolipoprotein expression in newborn swine

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (4) ◽  
pp. G645-G651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Wang ◽  
Felicia Hunter ◽  
Dennis D. Black
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Hepatic Expression

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chronic (1 wk) feeding of dietary triacylglycerol (TG) of varying fatty acid composition on small intestinal and hepatic apolipoprotein expression, as well as serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations, in newborn swine. Two-day-old female swine were fed one of three diets by gavage with the following lipid composition: medium-chain TG (MCT; MCT oil), intermediate-chain saturated TG (ICST; coconut oil), and long-chain polyunsaturated TG (LCPUT; safflower oil) at 753 kJ ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ day−1with 51% of energy from fat. After 1 wk, serum lipids and apolipoprotein concentrations were measured, and jejunal apolipoprotein B (apo B) and apo A-I mass and apo B, apo A-I, apo A-IV, and apo C-III synthesis were measured. Liver was processed for determination of apo B and apo A-I mass and apo B, apo A-I, apo C-III, and β-actin mRNA abundance by slot blot hybridization. Compared with the MCT and LCPUT groups, the ICST group had higher total serum cholesterol, TG, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and apo A-I concentrations. There were no differences among the three groups for intestinal apolipoprotein mass or synthesis. In liver, apo A-I mass was highest in the ICST group. Liver apo A-I and apo C-III mRNA abundance was highest in the ICST group. Among all three groups, hepatic apo A-I mass correlated significantly with plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations, and serum TG concentrations correlated with hepatic apo C-III mRNA abundance. In conclusion, we found that in the newborn piglet, chronic feeding of ICST increases serum total cholesterol, TG, HDL-cholesterol, and apo A-I concentrations and hepatic expression of apo A-I and apo C-III mRNA, compared with feeding of MCT or LCPUT. We speculate that increased hepatic apo A-I expression may contribute to the higher serum HDL and apo A-I concentrations in the ICST animals. Increased hepatic expression of apo C-III with ICST feeding may contribute to the higher serum TG concentrations by apo C-III-mediated inhibition of the catabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins.

Acute changes in the response to peripheral leptin with alteration in the diet composition

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (2) ◽  
pp. R504-R509 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lin ◽  
R. Martin ◽  
A. O. Schaffhauser ◽  
D. A. York
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Alternative Diet

Dietary induced obesity in rodents is associated with a resistance to leptin. We have investigated the hypothesis that dietary fat per se alters the feeding response to peripheral leptin in rats that were fed either their habitual high- or low-fat diet or were naively exposed to the alternative diet. Osborne-Mendel rats were adapted to either high- or low-fat diet. Food-deprived rats were given either leptin (0.5 mg/kg body wt ip) or saline, after which they were provided with either their familiar diet or the alternative diet. Food intake of rats adapted and tested with the low-fat diet was reduced 4 h after leptin injection, whereas rats adapted and tested with a high-fat diet did not respond to leptin. Leptin was injected again 1 and 5 days after the high-fat diet-adapted rats were switched to the low-fat diet. Leptin reduced the food intake on both days. In contrast, when low-fat diet-adapted rats were switched to a high-fat diet, the leptin inhibitory response was present on day 1 but not observed on day 5. Peripheral injection of leptin increased serum corticosterone level and decreased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in rats fed the low-fat but not the high-fat diet for 20 days. The data suggest that dietary fat itself, rather than obesity, may induce leptin resistance within a short time of exposure to a high-fat diet.

THE EFFECT OF RAPESEED OIL ON REPRODUCTION AND ON THE COMPOSITION OF RAT MILK FAT

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
E. R. W. Gregory ◽  
D. Morison Smith ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet

Rats fed corn oil or a mixture of lard and olive oil produced as many offspring as those receiving no fat supplement with a low-fat commercial meal, but the weanling weight was lower. Although rats fed rapeseed oil continued to reproduce they had fewer and smaller offspring than rats fed other diets.The composition of fatty acids in the milk varied with the dietary fat of the mother. Animals receiving the low-fat diet secreted predominantly saturated fatty acids. A high proportion of linoleic acid appeared in the milk when corn oil was fed, and of oleic acid when the mixture of lard and olive oil was fed. Eicosenoic and erucic acids were present in the milk of rats receiving rapeseed oil, but were less prevalent than in the original oil.

scholarly journals Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (11) ◽  
pp. E886-E899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Kiilerich ◽  
Lene Secher Myrmel ◽  
Even Fjære ◽  
Qin Hao ◽  
Floor Hugenholtz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Protein

Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. Intake of a high-fat diet with a low protein/sucrose ratio precipitated obesity and reduced survival relative to mice fed a low-fat diet. By contrast, intake of a high-fat diet with a high protein/sucrose ratio attenuated lifelong weight gain and adipose tissue expansion, and survival was not significantly altered relative to low-fat-fed mice. Our findings support the notion that reduced survival in response to high-fat/high-sucrose feeding is linked to obesity development. Digital gene expression analyses, further validated by qPCR, demonstrated that the protein/sucrose ratio modulated global gene expression over time in liver and adipose tissue, affecting pathways related to metabolism and inflammation. Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio.

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