scholarly journals Supplemental vitamin A enhances the recovery from iron deficiency in rats with chronic vitamin A deficiency

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
AnnetJ.C Roodenburg ◽  
Clive E West ◽  
Robert Hovenierl ◽  
Anton C Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Erythrocyte Count ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin

Studies with anaemic children and pregnant women from areas where vitamin A deficiency is endemic have shown a beneficial effect on Fe status of supplemental vitamin A in addition to Fe supplementation. This suggests a relationship between vitamin Aand Fe status, which we attempted to mimic in rats with anaemia and chronic vitaminA deficiency. Male rats were fed on Fe-adequate diets (35 mg Fe/kg)containing different levels of vitamin A (1200,450,150,75 and 0 retinol equivalents (RE)/kg feed) until they were 5 weeks old. These diets wereidentical to the diets fed to their mothers. Then the young male rats were transferred to diets containing the same levels of vitamin A but no added Fe. After another 2 weeks the rats wererepleted with Fe (35 mg/kg feed) without or with vitamin A to a level of 1200 RE/kg feed. Increased vitamin A intake by the groups previously fed on diets with either 0 or 75 RE/kg produced a reduction in blood haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and erythrocyte count. In the group which had been fed on the diet without vitamin A, supplemental vitamin A raised mean cell volume, plasma Fe concentration and total Fe-binding capacity. Vitamin A supplementation during the period of Fe repletion produceda decrease in splenic and tibia Fe concentration, the effect being greater with increasing seventy of previous vitamin A deficiency. The paradoxical effect of supplemental vitamin A on haemoglobin, packed cell volume and erythrocyte count can be explained by a decrease in the degree of haemwoncentration. Thus, the positive effect of supplemental vitamin A seen in humans is also observed with rats under controlled experimental conditions. We speculate that supplemental vitamin A during Fe repletion contributes to optimum erythropoiesis and Fe mobilization when baseline vitamin A status is impaired

scholarly journals Comparison between time-dependent changes in iron metabolism of rats as induced by marginal deficiency of either vitamin A or iron

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet J. C. Roodenburg ◽  
Clive E. West ◽  
Shiguang Yu ◽  
Anton C. Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Mild Anaemia ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin

To compare the changes in Fe metabolism during the development of vitamin A and Fe deficiencies, rats were given either a control diet with sufficient Fe (35 mg added Fe/kg feed) and retinol (1200 retinol equivalents/kg feed), a diet without added vitamin A or a diet with sufficient vitamin A but only 3.5 mg added Fe/kg feed. During a period of 10 weeks, indicators of vitamin A and Fe status were monitored. Neither vitamin A nor Fe deficiency produced clinical signs. Fe deficiency induced an immediate fall in blood haemoglobin concentration. Vitamin A deficiency produced a mild anaemia as the first change in Fe metabolism, pointing to unpaired erythropoiesis. This effect was followed by a rise in Fe absorption and an increased amount of Fe in the spleen. By the end of the study, blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume, plasma Fe and Fe content in kidney and femur had increased above control levels, while total Fe-binding capacity had decreased. We speculate that the initial anaemia was masked later by haemoconcentration. The decrease in Fe mobilization, shown by lower total Fe-binding capacity, and the increase in Fe absorption may have caused the observed continuous rise in tissue Fe concentration in rats with vitamin A deficiency. In the rats with Fe deficiency, low tissue Fe levels coincided with high Fe absorption and high total Fe-binding capacity. Thus, changes in Fe metabolism with vitamin A deficiency differed from those with Fe deficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of Halothane and Enflurane Anaesthesia on the Level of Reduced Glutathione in Human Red Blood Cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Agar ◽  
G. B. H. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Enflurane Anaesthesia ◽  
Before And After

No significant changes were found in packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and red cell glutathione levels in patients before and after anaesthesia with halothane or enflurane. These results, though unable to explain the mechanism, support the earlier suggestion that glutathione plays little, if any, role in protecting liver against toxic effects of these anaesthetic agents or their metabolites.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a two-generation rat model for vitamin A deficiency and the interrelationship with iron metabolism

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet J. C. Roodenburg ◽  
Clive E. West ◽  
Robert Hovenier ◽  
Anton C. Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Normal Vitamin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Plasma Retinol

In order to induce a range of vitamin A-deficient states in young growing rats and to study the effect of vitamin A deficiency on Fe status, we designed the following two-generation experiment. Dams were fed on diets with one of five vitamin A levels from 2 weeks before and throughout pregnancy and lactation. The pups received the same diets as their mothers both before and after weaning. The five dietary levels of vitamin A were 1200, 450, 150, 75 and 0 retinol equivalents/kg feed. Vitamin A intake did not affect reproduction outcome, nor were body and liver weights of the pups affected when they were 3·5 weeks old. Male pups with normal vitamin A status had higher plasma retinol levels than female pups. Vitamin A status of the offspring was affected from 3·5 weeks onwards. Body and liver weights were decreased in the male pups given the lowest dietary vitamin A levels from week 6·5 onwards but not in the female pups. Fe status was marginally affected. Haemoglobin levels were increased and total Fe-binding capacity was decreased in the groups given no dietary vitamin A at week 9·5. Splenic Fe was increased only in the male pups given the lowest levels of dietary vitamin A. However, as a whole, Fe status was only mildly affected and subject to considerable variation. We conclude that the two-generation rat model described here is not suitable for studying effects of vitamin A deficiency on Fe metabolism.

Comparison of the acute hematotoxicity of 2-butoxyethanol in male and female F344 rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
B I Ghanayem ◽  
S M Ward ◽  
B Chanas ◽  
A Nyska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Butoxyacetic Acid ◽  
F344 Rats

Administration of 2-butoxyethanol (BE) to rodents causes acute hemolytic anemia, and metabolic activation of BE to butoxyacetic acid (BAA) is required for the development of this effect. Recent studies have shown that female rats treated with BE exhibit a variety of histopathologic lesions that are absent in males and many of these lesions are attributed to the hemolytic effects of BE. Current studies were designed to compare the acute hematotoxicity of BE in male and female F344 rats. Rats were treated with 250 mg BE/kg body weight or water (control; 5 ml/kg) by gavage. At 4, 8, or 24 h after dosing, rats were anesthetized, blood was collected by cardiac puncture, and various blood parameters were measured. BE resulted in a time-dependent swelling of erythrocytes as evidenced by an early increase in hematocrit (Hct) and mean cell volume (MCV) in male rats. In contrast, increased Hct in female rats did not accompany an increase in MCV. It is likely that hemolysis was so severe at 4 h that Hct exhibited a decline in female rats at that time point. Subsequently, red blood cell (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hgb), and Hct declined as hemolysis progressed. However, the onset of BE-induced hemolysis was faster in female compared to male rats. These effects were also associated with a significant increase in the spleen weight to body weight ratio. Blood smears were also prepared and morphological changes evaluated by light microscopy included stomatocytosis, spherocytosis, and schistocytosis. Furthermore, aggregation of RBCs in female rats as evidenced by increased formation of rouleaux was observed at 24 h after BE administration. These effects were observed earlier and more frequently in female rats. No differences in the sensitivity of RBCs obtained from male and female rats and exposed to butoxyacetic acid (BAA) in vitro was observed as determined by measuring the packed cell volume. In conclusion, these data suggest that female rats are more sensitive to hemolysis and morphological alterations of erythrocytes induced by BE during the first 24 h after exposure compared to males. It is likely that the greater sensitivity of female rats to BE effects on RBCs may account for the reported development of thrombosis and tissue infarction in female rats.

Genetic and Environmental Effects on Blood Cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M.D. Dal Colletto ◽  
D.W. Fulker ◽  
O.C. de O. Barretto ◽  
M. Kolya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Twin Analysis ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Red Cell Count

AbstractIn a sample of 105 concordant sex MZ and DZ twin pairs, the following characteristics were measured: red cell count, haemoglobin concentration, package cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, reticulocytes, platelets, white cell count and the six types of leucocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, band and segmented neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. The statistical model employed in the univariate twin analysis allows for three sources of variation: genetic (h2), shared environmental (c2) and specific environmental influences (e2). A genetic component was significant for red cell count, haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin (0.64, 0.60 and 0.46 respectively), with heritable variation suggested for package cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, lymphocytes and monocytes. Shared environmental variation was only present for neutrophils.

scholarly journals A single dose of vitamin A improves haemoglobin concentration, retinol status and phagocytic function of neutrophils in preschool children

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Jimenez ◽  
Irene Leets ◽  
Rafael Puche ◽  
Elsy Anzola ◽  
Rosa Montilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Phagocytic Function ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Hb Concentration

Since there is a reported interrelationship between vitamin A and Fe metabolism, and with immunological response, the objective was to evaluate the effect of a single dose of vitamin A administered to preschool children, on Fe and vitamin A nutritional status, anaemia and phagocytic function of neutrophils, 30 d after supplementation. A total of eighty children (sixty-eight supplemented and twelve controls) were supplemented orally with 200 000 IU (60 mg) vitamin A, and evaluated for nutritional, haematological and immunological responses at the beginning of the study and 30 d after supplementation. Parameters studied included Hb, serum ferritin, retinol and Fe concentrations, transferrin saturation, IL-4, interferon-γ and phagocityc capacity of neutrophils using non-fluorescent latex microbeads. After supplementation there was a significant increase in Hb concentration (P = 0·03), mean corpuscular Hb concentration (P = 0·001) and serum retinol (P = 0·0078). Prevalences of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency decreased significantly from 17·6 % to 13·2 % and from 25 % to 13·2 %, respectively. Regarding phagocytic function, there was a significant increase in the number of microbeads engulfed by neutrophils (P < 0·05) and no significant changes in cytokine concentrations at 1 month after treatment. A single dose of 200 000 IU (60 mg) vitamin A administered orally to a group of preschool children with a high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency enhanced serum retinol and Hb concentrations, decreased the prevalence of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency and improved the constitutive phagocytic capacity of neutrophils. Vitamin A supplementation could help to decrease vitamin A deficiency, anaemia prevalence and to improve the innate immunity response in preschool children. The effects were obtained without Fe supplementation.

scholarly journals Haematological Alterations among Cement Loaders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ransom Baribefii Jacob ◽  
Chinyelu Obianuju Mba ◽  
Patience Deborah Iduh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Healthy Male Subject ◽  
Cement Dust ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Exposure to cement dust without necessary precautions to prevent its inhalation is found to cause respiratory, dermatological, ocular as well as hematological problems and this is a matter of great concern to the health of cement loaders. Aim of Study: This study was aimed at determining haematological alterations among cement loaders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Study Design: Cross sectional study design. Methodology: A total of 100 apparently healthy male subject consisting of 50 cement loaders and 50 non cement loaders aged between the ages of 20- 45years old were recruited for the study. Four millilitres (4 mls) of blood was collected aseptically from the antecubital vein of each participant using standard venepuncture technique into ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulated vacutainer bottles with proper mixing to avoid blood clotting and then analysed using Sysmex haematology autoanalyser. Graphpad prism version 6.2 was used to analyse the data obtained. Results: Results obtained showed a statistically higher value (p<0.05) in platelet count (p=0.0001), lower values (p<0.05) in haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), Mean cell volume (MCV) and Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) (p=0.0001). No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the mean red blood cell (RBC) count value (p=0.3110), white blood cell (WBC) count (p=0.8138) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p=0.0584) respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study has confirmed that there are haematological alterations among cement loaders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria and these alterations are attributed to inhalation of cement dust during work. It is recommended that cement loaders should be mandated to use appropriate personal protective equipment during work hours and around areas where cement dust are generated.

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