scholarly journals The Impact of Gender on Anthropometric Measures of Twins

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayesteh Jahanfar ◽  
Kenneth Lim
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Literature suggests that male hormones influence fetal growth in singleton pregnancies. We hypothesized that the same phenomenon is seen in twin gestations. Objectives: (1) to identify the impact of gender associated with fetal birth weight, head circumference, and birth length for twins; (2) to examine the effect of gender on standardized fetal growth at birth, according to gestational age and birth order; (3) to examine the effect of gender on placenta weight and dimensions. Methodology: This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of twins (4,368 twins, 2,184 pairs) born in British Columbia, Canada from 2000–2010. We excluded twins with stillbirth, congenital anomalies, and those delivered with cesarean section. We also controlled for confounding factors, including birth order, gestational age, maternal anthropometric measures, maternal smoking habits, and obstetric history. A subsample of this population was analyzed from Children and Women Hospital to obtain chorionicity information. Results: Male–male twins were heavier than male–females and female–female twin pairs (p=.01). Within sex-discordant twin pairs, males were also heavier than females (p=.01). Regression analysis suggested that gender affects birth weight independent of birth order and gestational age. Other newborn anthropometric measures were not found to be dependent on gender. In analyzing a subsample with chorionicity data, birth weight was the only anthropometric measure that was both statistically and clinically affected by sex, even after adjustment for gestational age, chorionicity, birth order, and maternal age. Conclusion: Birth weight was affected by gender while head circumference and birth length were not.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Birthweight, Birth Length and Head Circumference: Study of Japanese Triplets

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshie Yokoyama ◽  
Masako Sugimoto ◽  
Syuichi Ooki
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stillborn Infant

AbstractThe aims of this study were to identify factors associated with birthweight, birth length and head circumference for triplets, and analyze these body size parameters at birth, especially head circumference, according to gestational age. The subjects of this study were 370 mothers and their 1109 triplet children (excluding one stillborn infant) who were born between 1978 and 2002. The gestational age proved to be the strongest contributing factor to birthweight, birth length and head circumference of the triplets. Moreover, sex was a significant factor affecting birthweight, birth length and head circumference. Male neonates had a higher birthweight, longer birth length and greater head circumference than female neonates. Birth order in triplets also had a significant effect on birthweight and head circumference. Lower birth- order neonates had a higher birthweight and greater head circumference. An effect of maternal pregravid body mass index (BMI) on both birth- weight and birth length was observed. The birthweights of triplets born to women whose pregravid BMIs were more than 26.0 kg/m2 weighed an average of 150 g more than those of triplets born to women whose pregravid BMIs were less than 19.8 kg/m2, and the birth length of triplets born to women whose pregravid BMIs were more than 26.0 kg/m2 averaged 1.5 cm longer than those of triplets born to women whose pregravid BMIs were less than 19.8 kg/m2. Concerning head circumference, the median head circumference of male neonates was approximately 0.5 cm longer than female neonates. Compared to singleton neonates, the median head circumference of triplets was almost the same.

scholarly journals Lithium exposure during pregnancy increases fetal growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 026988112094091
Author(s):  
Eline MP Poels ◽  
Karin Sterrenburg ◽  
André I Wierdsma ◽  
Richard Wesseloo ◽  
Annemerle Beerthuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
The Impact

Background: Lithium is an effective treatment in pregnancy and postpartum for the prevention of relapse in bipolar disorder, but there is a lack of knowledge about the potential adverse impact on fetal development. Aims: To investigate the impact of lithium exposure on early fetal growth. Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, we included all singleton pregnancies of women using lithium and referred for advanced fetal ultrasound scanning between 1994 and 2018 to the University Medical Centers in Leiden and Rotterdam, the Netherlands ( n=119). The Generation R study, a population-based cohort, served as a non-exposed control population from the same geographic region ( n=8184). Fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and transcerebellar diameter were measured by ultrasound at 18–22 weeks of gestation. Results: Lithium use during pregnancy was associated with an average increase in head circumference of 1.77 mm (95% confidence interval: 0.53, 3.01), in abdominal circumference of 5.54 mm (95% confidence interval: 3.95, 7.12) and in femur length of 0.59 mm (95% confidence interval: 0.22, 0.96) at 18–22 weeks gestation. Furthermore, lithium use during pregnancy was associated with an average increase in birth weight of 142.43 grams (95% confidence interval: 58.01, 226.89), whereas it was associated with an average decrease of 1.41 weeks in gestational duration (95% confidence interval: −1.78, −1.05). Conclusions: Lithium use during pregnancy was associated with increased fetal growth parameters at 18–22 weeks gestational age and increased birth weight. Further research is needed to evaluate both short- and long-term implications, as well as the mechanisms driving this difference in growth.

scholarly journals Advanced maternal age and nicotine consumption during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Koger ◽  
Katharina Syböck ◽  
Emily Weinelt ◽  
Beda Hartmann ◽  
Sylvia Kirchengast
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Nicotine Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Background Nicotine consumption during pregnancy and advanced maternal age are well known independent risk factors for poor pregnancy outcome and therefore serious public health problems. Objectives Considering the ongoing trend of delaying childbirth in our society, this study investigates potential additive effects of nicotine consumption during pregnancy and advanced maternal age on foetal growth. Sample and Methods In a medical record-based study, we analysed the impact of maternal age and smoking behaviour before and during pregnancy on newborn size among 4142 singleton births that took place in Vienna, Austria between 1990 and 1995. Results Birth weight (H=82.176, p<0.001), birth length (H=91.525, p<0.001) and head circumference (H=42.097, p<0.001) differed significantly according to maternal smoking behaviour. For birth weight, the adjusted mean differences between smokers and non-smokers increased from 101.8g for the < 18-year-old mothers to 254.8g for >35 year olds, with the respective values for birth length being 0.6 cm to 0.7cm, for head circumference from 0.3 cm to 0.6 cm. Conclusion Increasing maternal age amplified the negative effects of smoking during pregnancy on newborn parameters. Our findings identify older smoking mothers as a high-risk group which should be of special interest for public health systems.

scholarly journals Periconceptional folic acid supplementation and anthropometric measures at birth in a cohort of pregnant women in Valencia, Spain

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 1352-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pastor-Valero ◽  
Eva Maria Navarrete-Muñoz ◽  
Marisa Rebagliato ◽  
Carmen Iñiguez ◽  
Mario Murcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
High Doses

We examined the relationship between dietary folate intake and periconceptional use of folic acid (FA) supplements, and small-for-gestational age for weight (SGA-W) and height (SGA-H). The study is based on 786 Spanish women aged 16 years or above, who attended the first-term prenatal population-based screening programme (10–13 weeks) at the reference hospital ‘La Fe’, Valencia, with singleton pregnancy. Periconceptional use of FA supplements was categorised as non-users, moderate users ( ≤ 1 mg/d) and high users (>1 mg/d). Babies born to mothers who used high doses of FA supplements had a significant reduction in mean birth height compared with babies of non-users (β = − 0·53, 95 % CI − 0·96, − 0·09). As regards weight, mothers using moderate and high doses of FA supplements had lower-birth-weight babies for gestational age than non-users (β = − 22·96, 95 % CI − 101·14, 55·23; β = − 89·72, 95 % CI − 188·64, 9·21, respectively), although these decreases were not significant. Results from the multivariate logistic regression models showed that high FA supplement users had a higher significant risk for SGA-H (OR 5·33, 95 % CI 2·08, 13·7), and that users of moderate doses were not associated with a higher risk of either a SGA-W or a SGA-H baby. In contrast, increased quintiles of the dietary intake of folate were associated with a decreased risk of SGA-W (Pfor trend = 0·002), although no association was observed for SGA-H. Our findings suggest that periconceptional use of FA supplements greater than 1 mg/d is associated with decreased birth height and may entail a risk of decreased birth weight.

scholarly journals Ghrelin, Leptin, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and Insulin Concentrations at Birth: Is There a Relationship with Fetal Growth and Neonatal Anthropometry?

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Chiesa ◽  
John F Osborn ◽  
Cristina Haass ◽  
Fabio Natale ◽  
Marina Spinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Igfbp 3 ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

Abstract Background: Insulin, growth hormone (GH), and growth factors (insulin-like growth factors [IGFs] and their binding proteins [IGFBPs]) are known to influence fetal growth and also the synthesis/secretion of the recently discovered hormones leptin and ghrelin. Methods: In 153 delivering mothers and their offspring at birth, we prospectively investigated the association between mothers’ and babies’ serum concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, insulin, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 and neonatal anthropometric characteristics and the growth of the fetus. We also tried to put babies’ serum glucose and GH measurements in this context. Results: Birth weight (BW), birth length, head circumference, and ponderal index (PI) were positively associated with cord IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and leptin and negatively associated with GH. BW was independently associated with maternal stature and prepartum weight, birth length with maternal stature, PI with maternal insulin and prepartum weight, and head circumference with maternal ghrelin. Compared with preterm infants whose development was appropriate for gestational age (AGA), preterm growth-restricted babies displayed alteration in GH-IGF axis (increased GH and low IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentrations), low leptin and glucose concentrations, and increased ghrelin concentrations. In large-for-gestational-age (LGA) babies, leptin, IGFBP-3, insulin, and glucose concentrations were significantly higher in asymmetric LGA newborns than in symmetric LGA and AGA newborns. Conclusions: We found relationships between metabolic factors, fetal growth, and anthropometry. Intrauterine growth restriction involved alteration in the fetal GH-IGF axis, with relatively low leptin and glucose concentrations and increased ghrelin concentrations. Leptin, insulin, and IGFBP-3 delineated subtypes of fetal overgrowth.

scholarly journals Association of Maternal Vegetarian Diets with Neonatal Anthropometry in the NICHD Fetal Growth Study (OR35-08-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samrawit Yisahak ◽  
Stefanie Hinkle ◽  
Sunni Mumford ◽  
Mengying Li ◽  
Victoria Andriessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time To Delivery

Abstract Objectives Vegetarian diets appear to reduce risk of chronic disease in the general population, but the possible effect on fetal growth is understudied. Our aim was to examine associations of gestational vegetarianism (self-defined and operationalized) with neonatal anthropometry. Methods We studied 1964 women who had a singleton livebirth in a diverse multi-site cohort of U.S. pregnant women (2009-2013). To assess peri-conception and first trimester diet, women completed a 145-item self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire at enrollment (8-13 weeks’ gestation). Self-defined vegetarians said “yes” to the question “For all of the past 3 months, did you follow a vegetarian diet?”. Operationalized vegetarianism was defined based on servings of first trimester meat, poultry, and fish (MPF) intake (vegetarian = MPF < 1 month; pesco-vegetarian = MP < 1 month and fish ≥ 1 month; semi-vegetarian = MPF ≥ 1 month and < 1 week). Birthweight was abstracted from medical records and neonatal anthropometrics (upper-arm length, upper-thigh length, head circumference, abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness) were measured post-delivery using a standard protocol. Linear regression was used to model neonatal outcomes. To assess the association of vegetarianism with gestational age, we also used cox proportional hazards models to estimate time to delivery. Results There were 99 (6.03%) self-defined, 32 (1.91%) operationalized, 7 (0.42%) pesco- and 321 (19.12%) semi-vegetarians. Neonates of vegetarians had significantly lower birth weight and birth length than nonvegetarians in adjusted models (Figure). Associations with all other measures of neonatal anthropometrics were null. Time to delivery HR (95% CI) was 1.08 (0.88, 1.34), 0.94 (0.65, 1.24), 0.68 (0.32, 1.45), and 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) for self-defined, operationalized, pesco- and semi-vegetarians respectively. Conclusions Both self-defined and operationalized vegetarianism was significantly associated with decreased birth weight and birth length. Further work is needed to better understand the impact of this maternal diet on the neonate. Funding Sources Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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