scholarly journals Nutritional response of growing rats to faba beans (Vicia faba L., minor) and faba bean fractions

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Rubio ◽  
George Grant ◽  
Susan Bardocz ◽  
Peter Dewey ◽  
Arpad Pusztai
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Net Protein

The effects of raw faba bean (Vicia faba L., minor) meal (VFM) and its fractions on the growth and nitrogen utilization of rats have been determined in two experiments. Two commercial varieties of VFM were tested, local VFM (409–439 g/kg diet) and Troy VFM (439 g/kg diet). The bean fractions tested were V. faba lectin-depleted protein (VFDP), V. faba lectin (VFL) and V. faba cotyledon residue (VFCR). All diets were supplemented with amino acids to target requirements. Body-weight, body N and lipid contents of rats fed on VFM were reduced significantly in comparison with control rats fed on lactalbumin. This was due, in part, to the lower digestibility of the protein, lipid and dry matter (DM) of VFM diets. As a result, net protein utilization (NPU) and biological value (BV) of faba bean proteins were less than expected. Urine and urea-N outputs of the VFM-fed rats were also elevated in both experiments. Increasing the energy content of local VFM diets led to significantly higher dry body-weight, body N and lipid contents, with the result that the NPU and BV values of the protein also increased. However, the NPU values for VFM-fed rats were still significantly lower than those for the controls in both experiments. In contrast, true N, lipid and DM digestibilities in rats given local VFM were not significantly affected by the difference in the energy content of the diets. The replacement of two-thirds of the lactalbumin in the diet with VFDP (65 g/kg) reduced dry body-weight, N and lipid contents, NPU and BV compared with the control rats, even though N, lipid and DM digestibilities were not significantly different. The nutritional performance of rats fed on lactalbumin-based diets containing 7 g VFL/kg was similar to that of the controls. Similarly, the inclusion of the cotyledon residue (237 g VFCR/kg diet) had no appreciable effect on any of the variables studied. As VFL and VFCR had no antinutritional effects in these rats, it appears that the low nutritional value of VFM for rats (NPU 0.66) results not only from the low digestibility of the bean proteins, but also from disturbances in N metabolism.

scholarly journals The utilization of raw and autoclaved faba beans (Vicia faba L., var. minor) and faba bean fractions in diets for growing broiler chickens

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Rubio ◽  
Agustin Brenes ◽  
María Castaño
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Faba Beans

The effects of the inclusion of raw and autoclaved whole faba beans (Vicia faba; RFB and AFB respectively) or faba bean fractions (cotyledons and hulls) in diets for growing broiler chickens (0–4 weeks of age) on performance, intestinal physiology and jejunal histological structure have been studied in three experiments. Significant decreases in body-weight as well as lower food consumption and higher food intake:weight gain ratio were observed in those animals fed on diets containing 250, 350 and 500 RFB'kg in the diet. Birds fed on AFB diets (500 g/kg) had significantly greater body-weights than chicks fed on RFB or raw faba bean cotyledons (RC). Significant increases in the relative lengths of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caeca, pancreas relative weight, and intestinal transit time of birds fed on diets containing 250,350 and 500 g RFB/kg compared with control birds were observed. Including AFB (500 g/kg) in the diet significantly increased body-weight and significantly decreased pancreas weight compared with RFB (500 g/kg)-fed birds. The inclusion of RFB hulls had no effect on these variables. Dehulling or autoclaving of faba beans, or both, proved to have no significant effect on relative lengths of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caeca, nor on caecal volatile fatty acid concentration in birds fed on 500 g faba beans/kg diet. Electron microscopy of the jejunal mucosa revealed discrete hyperplasia of polysomes and mitochondria1 swelling in those animals fed on AFB (500g/kg) or AC (4264g/kg). Pronounced strangulations were also observed along the microvilli, whose length was similar to that of control birds. The inclusion of RFB hulls, either autoclaved or raw, led to no ultrastructural changes in the enterocytes, as detected by electron microscopy. Birds fed on diets containing the cotyledons of RFB (RC, 426 4 g/kg) rather than whole RFB showed the same ultrastructural disorders as RFB (500 g'kg)- fed birds. The present study shows that factors other than those usually claimed, i.e. protease inhibitors, phytates, tannins and lectins, may be contributing to the low nutritional value of V. faba seeds for growing chickens.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius): net protein utilization (NPU), nitrogen balance and fractionation studies

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Rahman ◽  
Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Moslehuddin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Negative Controls

The effects of raw sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) meal and its fractions on the growth and N utilization of rats were determined in two NPU and five N balance experiments. Sweet lupinseed grown in Western Australia, obtained as meal, unsupplemented (LMU), or fully supplemented with required amino acids (360 g/kg diet) (LMFS) was tested. In addition, six fractions were tested: aqueous non-dialysed extract at pH 7·0 (LPAND), dialysed extracts soluble (LPAD) and insoluble at pH 7·0 (LPADI), buffer-soluble extract at pH 7·0 (BUSOL), buffer-insoluble extract after dialysis at pH 7·0 (BUDI) and the residue (LMR) containing most of the material from meal insoluble in water and phosphate-citrate buffer. All diets based on fractions contained the same amounts of energy and protein and were supplemented with amino acids, vitamins and minerals to target requirements. Body N and lipid contents of rats fed on LMU and LMFS were reduced significantly in comparison with rats fed on positive lactalbumin (LACT) and non-protein diets (NPC) as negative controls. This wasdue in part to the lower retention of the absorbed N. As a result, the NPU and the biological value (BV) of sweet lupinseed proteins were less than expected. Urea-N outputs of the LMU- and LMFS-fed rats were also elevated. In contrast, true N and DM digestibilities of rats fed on LMU and LMFS were not significantly affected by the difference in the energy content of the diet. The replacement of lactalbumin in thediet with LPAND (196 g/kg), LPAD (148 g/kg), LPADI (124 g/kg), BUSOL (136 g/kg) or BUDI (119 g/kg) reduced dry body weight, N and lipid contents, NPU and BV compared with those obtained from the LACT control, even though the N and DM digestibilitieswere not significantly different. Inclusion of the residue fraction (170 g LMR/kg) had no apparent effect on any of the variables studied. Since sweet lupinseed had asmall amount of non-reactive lectin and LMR had some undesirable side-effects in these rats, it appears that the low nutritional value of LMFS for rats (NPU 0·62) despite the very high level of digestibility of its N, results from disturbances in N metabolism, and particularly from the low retention value of the absorbed N

Quantitative genetic studies of yield, yield components, and phenological and agronomic characters in spring faba bean

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Kao ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans

Hayman's diallel cross analysis was employed to investigate the nature of the genetic control and heritability of yield, yield components, and phenological and agronomic characters in F1 and F2 generations of spring faba beans (Vicia faba L.). High-yielding S4 inbred lines from five open-pollinated faba bean cultivars were used as parents to generate complete F1 and F2 diallels. The S5 inbred line parents and the 20 cross combinations were planted in randomized complete block experiments with six replications. All characters in the F1 diallel and in the F2 diallel with the exception of days from planting to maturity met all of the assumptions required for Hayman's diallel analysis. Yield, total dry matter, harvest index, and pods per plant exhibited significant apparent overdominance in both the F1 and F2 diallels. It is concluded that substantial immediate increases in yield and total dry matter could be expected from exploiting the apparent overdominant gene action found for these characters in these crosses via F1 hybrids or synthetics. Key words: total dry matter, harvest index, diallel crosses, inheritance, Vicia faba L.

Screening of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Germplasm Accessions against Grey Mould Disease Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Elkhalil Benzohra ◽  
Hakima Belaidi
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Botrytis Fabae ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Chocolate Spot Disease

Background: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is thirst most important grain legume in the world and the first one in Algeria. The chocolate spot disease caused by Botrytis fabae Sard (BF), is the major constraint of this culture in Algeria when caused a destructive damages.Methods: The aim of this study is to find the sources of resistance for Seven varieties of faba beans (Giza 02, Giza 40, Giza 461, Sakha 02, Sakha 03, Precoce de Seville), by using the detached leaflet inoculation test for resistance to the two isolates from BF represent two different regions of northwest Algeria (Mascara and Relizane). Result: A significant difference (P less than 0.05) was observed in the reaction of the varieties which manifest themselves by a different reaction vis-à-vis the isolates of BF. Total sensitivity was observed in the four (4) varieties Giza02, Sakha01, Sakha02 and Sakha03, two (2) varieties (Giza40 and Ziban), are tolerant, while the variety named ‘Precoce de Seville’ showed significant resistance to both isolates from BF. These results showed a similar pathogenic behavior of two isolates of BF and variability in the level of reactions of the varieties of beans. The variety ‘Precoce de Seville’ showed promising results to be valued and cultivated in order to reduce the damage caused by this disease and reduce the use of chemicals.

OUTLOOK FABA BEAN

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043-1044
Author(s):  
G. G. ROWLAND ◽  
R. S. BHATTY ◽  
R. A. A. MORRALL
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Faba Beans

Outlook is the second Canadian-bred cultivar of faba beans (Vicia faba) to be licensed. It is small-seeded like Ackerperle, but is intermediate in maturity compared to available cultivars. Outlook is adapted to western Canada and is slightly lower yielding than Aladin on dryland but is the highest yielding cultivar under irrigation testing.

FABA BEAN: LOW RESISTANCE TO PEA APHIDS, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), IN ELEVEN CULTIVARS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. FRAZER ◽  
D. RAWORTH ◽  
T. GOSSARD
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans

Eleven cultivars of faba beans and one of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) were bioassayed for resistance to pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) by determining the fecundity, survival and developmental rate of the aphid on each cultivar. None of the cultivars tested, including the three licensed for production in Canada, possess any significant resistance, although they differ in susceptibility.

scholarly journals Mineral excretion of rats fed on diets containing faba beans (Vicia faba L.) or faba bean fractions

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Rubio ◽  
George Grant ◽  
Susan Bardocz ◽  
Peter Dewey ◽  
A. Pusztai
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Mineral Excretion ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Faba Beans

The effects on faecal mineral excretion of two commercial varieties (local cultivar and Troy cultivar) of raw faba beans (Vicia faba L., minor) meal (VFM) and its fractions have been studied in growing rats. Diets contained local-VFM (dark seed coat) and Troy-VFM (light seed coat) at 474–500 g/kg diet, hull (VFH) from both varieties at 65 g/kg diet, and the insoluble cotyledon residue (VFCR) obtained from the Troy variety at 237 g/kg diet. Rats were pair-fed on diets which had been supplemented with amino acids to target requirements and contained similar amounts of zinc, manganese, iron and copper. With VFM diets the apparent absorption of Zn and Mn was significantly reduced. On the other hand, with hulls the apparent absorption of Fe was reduced while that of Cu slightly increased. As the amounts of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in VFM and VFH diets were higher than in the controls, the increased intake resulted in a significant increase in both the apparent absorption and the faecal excretion of these minerals. The inclusion of VFCR in the diet had no significant effect on the mineral content of faeces. The relatively low concentrations of phytate in the bean seeds of 7.8 and 6.7 g/kg for the local and Troy cultivars respectively, could not adequately account for the increased mineral excretion. The results suggest that other seed constituents, possibly the soluble non-starch polysaccharides, may be involved in the elevated loss of Zn and Mn in rats fed on diets containing faba bean for extended periods, while some insoluble structural hull components may interfere with the absorption of Fe from the gut.Faba bean (Vicia faba): Faecal mineral excretion: Rat.

RAW AND AUTOCLAVED FABA BEANS IN CHICK DIETS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
L. D. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Antinutritional Factor ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans

Two experiments were conducted with male Leghorn chicks over 20- and 21-day periods to study the influence of heat treatment (autoclaved 15 min at 121 C) on the antinutritional factor(s) of the faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor). Pancreas size decreased and efficiency of feed utilization was improved in chicks fed diets containing heated as compared with raw faba beans (P < 0.01). The most pronounced effect of heat treatment occurred in diets of high (85%) faba bean content. The decreases in pancreas size and feed:gain ratio were 25 and 12%, respectively. Heat treatment resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) growth response (7.3%) in chicks fed the diet containing 85% faba beans. Weight gain in chicks, however, was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected with diets containing 57 or 28% faba beans and was the same as for chicks fed the 85% heated faba bean diet. The results of the second experiment showed that most of the antinutritional factor(s) in faba beans is associated with the hulless portion of the faba bean. It was also shown that the weight of the hull was approximately 13% of that of the whole bean and that it had a high (45%) content of crude fiber and a low (6%) content of crude protein.

scholarly journals Chemical Profile and In Vitro Bioactivity of Vicia faba Beans and Pods

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Monica Rosa Loizzo ◽  
Marco Bonesi ◽  
Mariarosaria Leporini ◽  
Tiziana Falco ◽  
Vincenzo Sicari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Vicia faba L. (faba bean) (Fabaceae) is cultivated worldwide as a crop for human consumption. In this study, beans and pods were investigated for their phytochemical content and their potential nutraceutical properties as a strategy to counteract metabolic syndrome (MetS). Pods represent a faba bean industrial processing by-product. Pod ethanol extract showed the highest total phenol and flavonoid content. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that in both pods and bean, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin were the two most abundant compounds. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), β-carotene bleaching were used to test V. faba antioxidant activity. The inhibition of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and lipase was studied. Pod extract showed an ABTS radical scavenging ability (IC50 value of 1.5 mg/mL) comparable to ascorbic acid (IC50 value of 1.7 mg/mL) used as a positive control, whereas bean extract was the most active in protecting lipid peroxidation. A promising alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity was also observed with the edible portion of faba beans (IC50 value of 38.31 mg/mL). Collectively, our results demonstrated the potential health properties of V. faba edible and inedible portions.

PERFORMANCE OF CHICKS FED FABA BEAN (VICIA FABA) DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH METHIONINE, SULFATE AND CYSTINE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
L. D. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Methionine Level

The performance of broiler chicks fed diets (24.8% protein) containing 90% raw faba beans (Vicia faba L. var. minor) and varying levels of methionine, K2SO4 and cystine was determined. The first experiment was a 4(methionine level) × 3(K2SO level) factorial. Optimal performance was obtained for birds consuming diets containing 0.24% added methionine. The contents of total dietary methionine and sulfur amino acids were 0.46 and 0.78%, respectively. The addition of methionine (0.24%) to the basal diet improved growth rate 368% (P < 0.01) and feed:gain ratio 42% (P < 0.01). K2SO4 additions (0.14 or 0.28%) to the basal diet improved weight gain 3% (P > 0.05) and feed:gain ratio an average of 3.6% (P < 0.05). No significant (P > 0.05) K2SO4 × methionine interactions were observed. The second experimental desig n was 3(methionine level) × 3 (no additions, 0.12% K2SO4, or 0.08% cystine). The addition of suboptimal amounts of methionine to the basal diet greatly improved (P < 0.01) the performance of broilers. The addition of K2SO4 and cystine to diets containing suboptimal levels of methionine improved feed:gain ratio slightly (P < 0.05), but not weight gain (P > 0.05). There was also a significant interaction (P < 0.05) in performance among methionine levels and levels of supplemental cystine. The addition of cystine (0.08%) to the basal diet that contained 0.05% added methionine decreased weight gain by 13%, whereas the addition of cystine to the basal diet that contained either 0.10 or 0.15% added methionine resulted in an average increase in weight gain of 10%. Similarly, cystine addition to the low methionine diet did not affect efficiency of feed utilization, whereas the addition of cystine to the diets containing higher levels of methionine resulted in an 8% improvement in feed:gain ratio. It may be concluded that methionine supplementation of a faba bean diet greatly stimulates performance of chicks, whereas an equivalent addition of sulfur as K2SO4 results in a slight improvement in performance. The addition of cystine either improves or depresses performance depending on relative levels of methionine in the diet.

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