RAW AND AUTOCLAVED FABA BEANS IN CHICK DIETS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
L. D. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Antinutritional Factor ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans

Two experiments were conducted with male Leghorn chicks over 20- and 21-day periods to study the influence of heat treatment (autoclaved 15 min at 121 C) on the antinutritional factor(s) of the faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor). Pancreas size decreased and efficiency of feed utilization was improved in chicks fed diets containing heated as compared with raw faba beans (P < 0.01). The most pronounced effect of heat treatment occurred in diets of high (85%) faba bean content. The decreases in pancreas size and feed:gain ratio were 25 and 12%, respectively. Heat treatment resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) growth response (7.3%) in chicks fed the diet containing 85% faba beans. Weight gain in chicks, however, was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected with diets containing 57 or 28% faba beans and was the same as for chicks fed the 85% heated faba bean diet. The results of the second experiment showed that most of the antinutritional factor(s) in faba beans is associated with the hulless portion of the faba bean. It was also shown that the weight of the hull was approximately 13% of that of the whole bean and that it had a high (45%) content of crude fiber and a low (6%) content of crude protein.

Quantitative genetic studies of yield, yield components, and phenological and agronomic characters in spring faba bean

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Kao ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans

Hayman's diallel cross analysis was employed to investigate the nature of the genetic control and heritability of yield, yield components, and phenological and agronomic characters in F1 and F2 generations of spring faba beans (Vicia faba L.). High-yielding S4 inbred lines from five open-pollinated faba bean cultivars were used as parents to generate complete F1 and F2 diallels. The S5 inbred line parents and the 20 cross combinations were planted in randomized complete block experiments with six replications. All characters in the F1 diallel and in the F2 diallel with the exception of days from planting to maturity met all of the assumptions required for Hayman's diallel analysis. Yield, total dry matter, harvest index, and pods per plant exhibited significant apparent overdominance in both the F1 and F2 diallels. It is concluded that substantial immediate increases in yield and total dry matter could be expected from exploiting the apparent overdominant gene action found for these characters in these crosses via F1 hybrids or synthetics. Key words: total dry matter, harvest index, diallel crosses, inheritance, Vicia faba L.

Screening of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Germplasm Accessions against Grey Mould Disease Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Elkhalil Benzohra ◽  
Hakima Belaidi
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Botrytis Fabae ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Chocolate Spot Disease

Background: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is thirst most important grain legume in the world and the first one in Algeria. The chocolate spot disease caused by Botrytis fabae Sard (BF), is the major constraint of this culture in Algeria when caused a destructive damages.Methods: The aim of this study is to find the sources of resistance for Seven varieties of faba beans (Giza 02, Giza 40, Giza 461, Sakha 02, Sakha 03, Precoce de Seville), by using the detached leaflet inoculation test for resistance to the two isolates from BF represent two different regions of northwest Algeria (Mascara and Relizane). Result: A significant difference (P less than 0.05) was observed in the reaction of the varieties which manifest themselves by a different reaction vis-à-vis the isolates of BF. Total sensitivity was observed in the four (4) varieties Giza02, Sakha01, Sakha02 and Sakha03, two (2) varieties (Giza40 and Ziban), are tolerant, while the variety named ‘Precoce de Seville’ showed significant resistance to both isolates from BF. These results showed a similar pathogenic behavior of two isolates of BF and variability in the level of reactions of the varieties of beans. The variety ‘Precoce de Seville’ showed promising results to be valued and cultivated in order to reduce the damage caused by this disease and reduce the use of chemicals.

FABA BEAN: LOW RESISTANCE TO PEA APHIDS, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), IN ELEVEN CULTIVARS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. FRAZER ◽  
D. RAWORTH ◽  
T. GOSSARD
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans

Eleven cultivars of faba beans and one of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) were bioassayed for resistance to pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) by determining the fecundity, survival and developmental rate of the aphid on each cultivar. None of the cultivars tested, including the three licensed for production in Canada, possess any significant resistance, although they differ in susceptibility.

scholarly journals GROWTH RESPONSES OF CHICKS AND RATS FED DIETS CONTAINING FOUR CULTIVARS OF RAW OR AUTOCLAVED FABA BEANS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
L. D. CAMPBELL ◽  
S. C. STOTHERS ◽  
J. A. McKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Faba Beans

Experiments were conducted with 480 male Leghorn chicks and 60 male Wistar strain rats over 21- and 35-day periods, respectively, to study the influence of heat treatment (autoclaved for 0, 15 or 30 min at 120 C) on the growth depressing factor(s) in four faba bean (Vicia faba L. var minor) cultivars (Klein-Thuringer, Diana, Hertz-Freya and Ackerperle). All diets, which were supplemented with methionine, contained 90% faba beans. Autoclaved (average of the two autoclaving times) as compared to raw faba beans in diets of chicks and rats resulted in significant (P < 0.05) improvements in the respective weight gains (9 and 6%) and feed:gain ratios (14 and 6%). Heat treatment of the faba beans also reduced (P < 0.01) feed intake (6%) and pancreas (16%) and liver (4%) sizes in chicks. The 30-min compared to the 15-min autoclaving time tended to give slightly greater improvements in growth responses. The response in chicks fed the autoclaved diets was more dramatic than that in rats, suggesting a difference between chicks and rats in their sensitivity to the thermo-labile facor(s) in raw faba bean. Hemagglutinin activity levels were markedly reduced, and trypsin inhibitor levels were reduced by approximately 50% in faba beans that had been autoclaved for 15 or 30 min. Weight gains in both chicks and rats as well as feed:gain ratio in chicks were positively associated (P < 0.05) with protein level in the diets. Pancreas size, however, did not differ (P > 0.05) among chicks fed the various faba bean cultivars. Trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin activity levels in the various cultivars were similar. These results suggest that the levels of growth depressing factors in the four cultivars are not markedly different.

PERFORMANCE OF CHICKS FED FABA BEAN (VICIA FABA) DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH METHIONINE, SULFATE AND CYSTINE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
L. D. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Methionine Level

The performance of broiler chicks fed diets (24.8% protein) containing 90% raw faba beans (Vicia faba L. var. minor) and varying levels of methionine, K2SO4 and cystine was determined. The first experiment was a 4(methionine level) × 3(K2SO level) factorial. Optimal performance was obtained for birds consuming diets containing 0.24% added methionine. The contents of total dietary methionine and sulfur amino acids were 0.46 and 0.78%, respectively. The addition of methionine (0.24%) to the basal diet improved growth rate 368% (P < 0.01) and feed:gain ratio 42% (P < 0.01). K2SO4 additions (0.14 or 0.28%) to the basal diet improved weight gain 3% (P > 0.05) and feed:gain ratio an average of 3.6% (P < 0.05). No significant (P > 0.05) K2SO4 × methionine interactions were observed. The second experimental desig n was 3(methionine level) × 3 (no additions, 0.12% K2SO4, or 0.08% cystine). The addition of suboptimal amounts of methionine to the basal diet greatly improved (P < 0.01) the performance of broilers. The addition of K2SO4 and cystine to diets containing suboptimal levels of methionine improved feed:gain ratio slightly (P < 0.05), but not weight gain (P > 0.05). There was also a significant interaction (P < 0.05) in performance among methionine levels and levels of supplemental cystine. The addition of cystine (0.08%) to the basal diet that contained 0.05% added methionine decreased weight gain by 13%, whereas the addition of cystine to the basal diet that contained either 0.10 or 0.15% added methionine resulted in an average increase in weight gain of 10%. Similarly, cystine addition to the low methionine diet did not affect efficiency of feed utilization, whereas the addition of cystine to the diets containing higher levels of methionine resulted in an 8% improvement in feed:gain ratio. It may be concluded that methionine supplementation of a faba bean diet greatly stimulates performance of chicks, whereas an equivalent addition of sulfur as K2SO4 results in a slight improvement in performance. The addition of cystine either improves or depresses performance depending on relative levels of methionine in the diet.

Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) increase yields of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) in New South Wales while maintaining adequate protein requirements from faba bean pollen

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Somerville
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
New South ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
The Impact

Summary. A trial was conducted to measure the impact of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) yields and to determine the value of the crop to honeybees. The seed yield in cages with bees was 25% higher than in those without bees. The pollen harvested by honey bees from the faba beans met their nutritional requirements for protein and amino acids but there was no detectable nectar crop gathered from the faba beans. Thus, there seems to be a strong case for using managed honey bees to improve pollination and hence yields of Australian faba beans where feral bee populations maybe insufficient.

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF SMALL FABA BEANS GROWN IN MANITOBA

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. CANDLISH ◽  
K. W. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans

The growth, nitrogen content and nitrogenase activity of Diana and Ackerperle cultivars of faba beans (Vicia faba L. var. minor) were studied in the greenhouse and field. All inoculated seeds produced well nodulated plants. The total nitrogen fixed was 840 mg/plant in the second greenhouse experiment. The faba bean continued to fix nitrogen after pod formation. Application of nitrogen suppressed nitrogenase activity. Where no inoculum was applied to farmers’ fields in Manitoba, nodulation of faba beans was spotty, plant nitrogen was lower, and ethylene production was less than with plants from fields where inoculum was applied.

scholarly journals Systematic Determination of The Ultrastructure of Local Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Seeds Using Light and Scanning Electron Microscopes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-768
Author(s):  
Nihat Yılmaz ◽  
Handan Şapcı Selamoğlu ◽  
Zeynep Arı ◽  
Hatice Bekci
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present study was conducted to determine the seed morphologies and macromorphological characteristics of fifteen local faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes collected from different region of Northern Cyprus. The characteristics in the seeds were evaluated using a light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM pictures were taken of the whole seed and its details. The scope of the research was examined comparatively using LM and SEM, and the seed shapes, surface ornamentation, and quantitative measurements were determined. Different characteristics for seed size and surface were found among the local faba beans accessions. Seed dimensions were between 12.44 and 24.26 mm long and between 9.49 and 17.45 mm wide, colors ranged from yellowish-brown to dark brown, and ornamentation of the seed coat varied. The local faba bean seeds were of subprolate and prolate types. We believe that using this technique to determine the differences among the seeds of different genotypes may play a role in helping to create different programs that can choose specific genotypes to improve cultivars based on the seed characteristics.

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