scholarly journals Blood glucose, plasma insulin and sensory responses to guar-containing wheat breads: effects of molecular weight and particle size of guar gum

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Ellis ◽  
Fathy M. Dawoud ◽  
Edwin R. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Sensory Qualities ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

The effectiveness of guar gum in reducing post-prandial blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in human subjects seems to depend mainly on its ability to increase the viscosity of digesta in the small intestine. However, the precise relationship between the rheological properties of guar gum (either in vitro or in vivo) and the changes in blood metabolites and hormones is unknown. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of wheat breads containing guar gum samples varying in molecular weight (Mw) and particle size (characteristics that strongly influence the rheological properties of guar gum) on post-prandial blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in healthy subjects. The sensory qualities of breads containing guar-gum flours of different Mw were also evaluated using a hedonic scoring technique. No significant differences in the post-prandial blood glucose responses were found between the control and guar breads. However, all the guar breads elicited significant (P < 0.05) decreases in the post-prandial rise in plasma insulin, an effect that did not appear to be influenced by large variations in Mw or particle size of guar gum. Moreover, the sensory qualities of guar bread were markedly improved by using low Mw grades of guar gum.

Amino acid transport in diaphragms from newborn rats: evidence for insulin resistance.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. E304
Author(s):  
T R Riggs ◽  
H D Wise ◽  
K L Motz
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
High Insulin ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Level 2

Diaphragms from rats under 24-h-old did not show the well-known increased transport of alpha-aminoisobutyrate found in older tissues in respone to insulin in vitro. A small effect was apparent by 3 days, and stimulation increased as donor rats aged (up to 4--5 wk). One-day diaphragms also had greater uptake than older tissues, due to both decreased Km and elevated Vmax. The change in insulin sensitivity did not result from alteration in the transport system used by alpha-aminoisobutyrate because uptake showed characteristics of the A system at both 1 day and older. Results suggest instead that the 1-day tissues had been made insulin-resistant by high insulin levels in donor animals. Plasma insulin levels of 1-day-old rats were 5 times those of 5-day animals. Elevating the plasma insulin levels of 5-day or 25- to 35-day rats led to a decreased effectiveness of insulin in vitro in stimulating alpha-aminoisobutyrate transport into their diaphragms. In the older animals, the stimulation was inversely proportional to the plasma insulin level 2 h after insulin injection.

scholarly journals Sex related diurnal variations in venous blood glucose and plasma insulin levels effects of estrogens in men

Diabetologia ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hautecouverture ◽  
G. Slama ◽  
R. Assan ◽  
G. Tchobroutsky
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

Glucose-lowering effects of a new organic vanadium complex, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violet G. Yuen ◽  
Chris Orvig ◽  
John H. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Vanadium Complex ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Vanadium Salts ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

Inorganic vanadium has been shown, both in vivo and in vitro, to have insulin-mimetic properties. A new organic vanadium complex, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV), was developed to increase the absorption of vanadium from the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing the dose of vanadium necessary to produce glucose-lowering effects. BMOV was administered in the drinking water for 25 weeks to control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic, male Wistar rats. BMOV treatment produced a stable euglycemic state in 70% of diabetic treated animals. The other 30% of the diabetic treated animals demonstrated fluctuations in glucose control over the entire study period. The initial effective dose of BMOV was 0.45 mmol/kg, which decreased to an effective maintenance dose of 0.18 mmol/kg, significantly lower than the dose of inorganic vanadium salts used in previous studies. BMOV treatment did significantly reduce fluid consumption levels in control treated animals after 10 weeks of therapy; however, the food consumption for control treated animals was only intermittently lower than that for controls. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were normalized with BMOV treatment for all diabetic treated animals, without a concomitant increase in plasma insulin levels. An oral glucose tolerance test demonstrated that glucose homeostasis in control-treated animals occurred at significantly lower plasma insulin levels than in control animals. BMOV effectively produced the glucose-lowering effects at significantly lower dose than previously used for inorganic vanadium salts, without any overt signs of toxicity.Key words: bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV), streptozotocin-induced diabetes, diabetes treatment.

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