Glucose-lowering effects of a new organic vanadium complex, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violet G. Yuen ◽  
Chris Orvig ◽  
John H. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Vanadium Complex ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Vanadium Salts ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

Inorganic vanadium has been shown, both in vivo and in vitro, to have insulin-mimetic properties. A new organic vanadium complex, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV), was developed to increase the absorption of vanadium from the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing the dose of vanadium necessary to produce glucose-lowering effects. BMOV was administered in the drinking water for 25 weeks to control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic, male Wistar rats. BMOV treatment produced a stable euglycemic state in 70% of diabetic treated animals. The other 30% of the diabetic treated animals demonstrated fluctuations in glucose control over the entire study period. The initial effective dose of BMOV was 0.45 mmol/kg, which decreased to an effective maintenance dose of 0.18 mmol/kg, significantly lower than the dose of inorganic vanadium salts used in previous studies. BMOV treatment did significantly reduce fluid consumption levels in control treated animals after 10 weeks of therapy; however, the food consumption for control treated animals was only intermittently lower than that for controls. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were normalized with BMOV treatment for all diabetic treated animals, without a concomitant increase in plasma insulin levels. An oral glucose tolerance test demonstrated that glucose homeostasis in control-treated animals occurred at significantly lower plasma insulin levels than in control animals. BMOV effectively produced the glucose-lowering effects at significantly lower dose than previously used for inorganic vanadium salts, without any overt signs of toxicity.Key words: bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV), streptozotocin-induced diabetes, diabetes treatment.

Amino acid transport in diaphragms from newborn rats: evidence for insulin resistance.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. E304
Author(s):  
T R Riggs ◽  
H D Wise ◽  
K L Motz
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
High Insulin ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Level 2

Diaphragms from rats under 24-h-old did not show the well-known increased transport of alpha-aminoisobutyrate found in older tissues in respone to insulin in vitro. A small effect was apparent by 3 days, and stimulation increased as donor rats aged (up to 4--5 wk). One-day diaphragms also had greater uptake than older tissues, due to both decreased Km and elevated Vmax. The change in insulin sensitivity did not result from alteration in the transport system used by alpha-aminoisobutyrate because uptake showed characteristics of the A system at both 1 day and older. Results suggest instead that the 1-day tissues had been made insulin-resistant by high insulin levels in donor animals. Plasma insulin levels of 1-day-old rats were 5 times those of 5-day animals. Elevating the plasma insulin levels of 5-day or 25- to 35-day rats led to a decreased effectiveness of insulin in vitro in stimulating alpha-aminoisobutyrate transport into their diaphragms. In the older animals, the stimulation was inversely proportional to the plasma insulin level 2 h after insulin injection.

scholarly journals Blood glucose, plasma insulin and sensory responses to guar-containing wheat breads: effects of molecular weight and particle size of guar gum

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Ellis ◽  
Fathy M. Dawoud ◽  
Edwin R. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Sensory Qualities ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

The effectiveness of guar gum in reducing post-prandial blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in human subjects seems to depend mainly on its ability to increase the viscosity of digesta in the small intestine. However, the precise relationship between the rheological properties of guar gum (either in vitro or in vivo) and the changes in blood metabolites and hormones is unknown. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of wheat breads containing guar gum samples varying in molecular weight (Mw) and particle size (characteristics that strongly influence the rheological properties of guar gum) on post-prandial blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in healthy subjects. The sensory qualities of breads containing guar-gum flours of different Mw were also evaluated using a hedonic scoring technique. No significant differences in the post-prandial blood glucose responses were found between the control and guar breads. However, all the guar breads elicited significant (P < 0.05) decreases in the post-prandial rise in plasma insulin, an effect that did not appear to be influenced by large variations in Mw or particle size of guar gum. Moreover, the sensory qualities of guar bread were markedly improved by using low Mw grades of guar gum.

Insulin modulates glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secretion from enteroendocrine K cells in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 392 (10) ◽  
pp. 909-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Irwin ◽  
Jacqueline M.E. Francis ◽  
Peter R. Flatt
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Plasma ◽  
And Control ◽  
Intestinal Weight

Abstract Effects of insulin excess and deficiency on glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) was examined in rats following insulinoma transplantation or streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Over 14 days, food intake was increased (p<0.001) in both groups of rats, with decreased body weight (p<0.01) in STZ rats. Non-fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased (p<0.01) and plasma insulin levels increased (p<0.001) in insulinoma-bearing rats, whereas STZ treatment elevated glucose (p<0.001) and decreased insulin (p<0.01). Circulating GIP concentrations were elevated (p<0.01) in both animal models. At 14 days, oral glucose resulted in a decreased glycaemic excursion (p<0.05) with concomitant elevations in insulin release (p<0.001) in insulinoma-bearing rats, whereas STZ-treated rats displayed similar glucose-lowering effects but reduced insulin levels (p<0.01). GIP concentrations were augmented in STZ rats (p<0.05) following oral glucose. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were not affected by oral fat, but fat-induced GIP secretion was particularly (p<0.05) increased in insulinoma-bearing rats. Exogenous GIP enhanced (p<0.05) glucose-lowering in all groups of rats accompanied by insulin releasing (p<0.001) effects in insulinoma-bearing and control rats. Both rat models exhibited increased (p<0.001) intestinal weight but decreased intestinal GIP concentrations. These data suggest that circulating insulin has direct and indirect effects on the synthesis and secretion of GIP.

PLASMA-INSULIN LEVELS DURING ORAL GLUCOSE LOADS IN PREDIABETIC SUBJECTS

The Lancet ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 301 (7813) ◽  
pp. 1182
Author(s):  
Klaus Johansen ◽  
Erol Cerasi ◽  
Suad Efendić ◽  
Rolf Luft ◽  
AndrewL. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

Strength training increases insulin action in healthy 50- to 65-yr-old men

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1122-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Miller ◽  
R. E. Pratley ◽  
A. P. Goldberg ◽  
P. Gordon ◽  
M. Rubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Glucose Clamp ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

The insulin resistance associated with aging may be due, in part, to reduced levels of physical activity in the elderly. We hypothesized that strength training increases insulin action in older individuals. To test this hypothesis, 11 healthy men 50–63 yr old [mean 58 +/- 1 (SE) yr] underwent a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic glucose clamp with concurrent indirect calorimetry and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after 16 wk of strength training. The training program increased overall strength by 47% (P < 0.001). Fat-free mass (FFM; measured by hydrodensitometry) increased (62.4 +/- 2.1 vs. 63.6 +/- 2.1 kg; P < 0.05) and body fat decreased (27.2 +/- 1.8 vs. 25.6 +/- 1.9%; P < 0.001) with training. Fasting plasma glucose levels and glucose levels during the OGTT were not significantly lower after training. In contrast, fasting plasma insulin levels decreased (85 +/- 25 vs. 55 +/- 10 pmol/l; P < 0.05) and insulin levels decreased (P < 0.05, analysis of variance) during the OGTT. Glucose infusion rates during the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic glucose clamp increased 24% (13.5 +/- 1.7 vs. 16.7 +/- 2.2 mumol.kg FFM-1.min-1; P < 0.05) during the low (20 mU.m-2.min-1) insulin infusion and increased 22% (55.7 +/- 3.3 vs. 67.7 +/- 3.9 mumol.kg FFM-1.min-1; P < 0.05) during the high (100 mU.m-2.min-1) insulin infusion. These increases were accompanied by a 40% increase (n = 7; P < 0.08) in nonoxidative glucose metabolism during the high insulin infusion. These results demonstrate that strength training increases insulin action and lowers plasma insulin levels in middle-aged and older men.

scholarly journals Rice (Oryza sativa japonica) Albumin Suppresses the Elevation of Blood Glucose and Plasma Insulin Levels after Oral Glucose Loading

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (24) ◽  
pp. 4882-4890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenobu Ina ◽  
Kazumi Ninomiya ◽  
Takashi Mogi ◽  
Ayumu Hase ◽  
Toshiki Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Loading ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels
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